Background: Fall is a common health problem among elder and can have many physical and psychological consequences, including injuries, mobility problem, hospitalization, institutionalization, fear of ...falling again and even death. Objective: The aim of present study was to assess the frequency of fall, fear of fall and its related factors among Iranian elders by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The data was gathered from the literature published in Scopus, Magiran, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and Web of Science. The search strategy was done using the following combined text and MeSH terms included “elderly fall”, “accidental fall”, “prevalence of fall”, “fear of fall”, and “risk factor for fall”. Persian equivalents of these keywords were also searched in Iranian databases. The time span included articles published within 2007–2017. The data was analyzed using STATA (version 14) software and meta-regression. Results: The mean number of fall events among elders was 1.9 (95 % CI: 1.15–2.64, P = 0.072) within the past year. The fall rate was obtained 32 % (95 % CI: 0.30–0.34, P < 0.001) in the recent year. Fear of fall frequency was also 41 % (95 % CI: 0.38–0.45, P < 0.001) in elders. Fall events were more prevalent in elders living in nursing homes residents compared with those resided in home 36 % (95 % CI: 32–39). The highest rate of fall was recorded in night as 25 % (95 % CI: 0.21–0.29, P < 0.12). The stairs, aisle and yard comprised the most common places of fall events as 35 % (95 % CI: 0–27.42, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings revealed high prevalence of fall and fear of fall among Iranian elders. These results can assist the policy makers of elderly health institutes, elderly nurses, and families with elder members to know risk factors and implement safety measures in homes and institutions to reduce fall episodes among elders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Introduction: Implementation of standard precautions plays an important role in preventing nosocomial infections, as well as the safety of patients, and health care workers. This study aimed to ...determine the knowledge and compliance of health care workers with standard precautions in teaching hospitals in Ilam, Iran, during 2019. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted based on a descriptive cross-sectional research method. The study setting included all teaching hospitals affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. The study population consisted of 200 health care workers, including nurses, paramedics, midwives, as well as associates and experts of the operating room, laboratory, and anesthesia, who were selected through the census method. The data were collected using demographic and professional characteristics form, as well as knowledge and compliance with standard precautions questionnaire. Knowledge questionnaire covers 20 items, and the maximum possible score is 20 (range:0-20). A higher score indicates a higher level of knowledge about precautionary standards. Compliance with standard precaution questionnaire consists of 20 items giving a score range of 0-80. A higher score indicates a higher level of precautionary standards. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). Findings: Data from 180 participants were collected and analyzed in this study. The mean (SD) knowledge score and compliance with standard precautions were obtained at 15.58 (3.07) and 69.64 (9.89), respectively. There was a significant difference between the knowledge scores of the participants regarding gender and ward type (P<0.05). The most important predictors of compliance with standard precautions were knowledge of standard precautions, the history of sharp injury in the last six months, and work experience (P<0.05). Discussions & Conclusions: The study findings showed that health care workers' knowledge and compliance with standard precautions was moderate to good. Regular related infection control training courses, provision of adequate equipment, and ongoing monitoring are recommended to improve health care workers' adherence to standard precautions.
Falling is one of the most common problems in older adults and can lead to additional health problems. This study aimed to determine the effects of a multicomponent program on fall incidence and ...quality of life in older adult nursing home residents.
This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design. The study population comprised 55 older adults residing in nursing homes. The intervention was a multicomponent program including physical activities, training sessions, and physical environment modifications in nursing homes that was conducted for 8 weeks. The data collection tools included a socio-demographic characteristics form and questionnaires pertaining to the quality of life and fear of falls, which were completed by the participants before and after the intervention.
The mean age of the participants was 68.48 years, and most (90%) were illiterate. We observed a significant difference between the mean number of falls and the scores for fear of falling before and after the intervention (p<0.001). We also observed a significant difference between the total quality of life scores and all of the related dimensions before and after the intervention, indicating that the quality of life of the older adults had improved after the intervention (p<0.001).
The results of this study indicated that the multicomponent fall prevention program was effective in improving the quality of life, fall rate, and fear of falling among older residents in nursing homes. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these interventions.
Pregnancy can influence women’s psychological health, including body image and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the relationship between body image and quality of life and their ...predicting factors in pregnant women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 pregnant women referred to health centers in Ilam City, Iran. Participants were selected using a random sampling method. Data collection tools comprised a sociodemographic questionnaire, Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), and quality of life questionnaire (Short Form-12). Data were analyzed using statistical software. The mean ± SD of body image concern and quality of life was estimated at 31.77 ± 9.86 and 54.62 ± 15.71, respectively. There was a significant and negative correlation between body image and quality of life (p-value = 0.001, r = -0.313). Also, the most important predictors of body image were vitality, body mass index (BMI), general health, and unintended pregnancy, respectively, and body dissatisfaction was the most significant predictor of quality of life. This study revealed some variables affecting pregnant women’s body image and quality of life. Further studies are required to consider other factors influencing body image and quality of life among pregnant women.
Patients in the post-resuscitation period experience critical conditions and require high-quality care. Identifying the challenges that critical care nurses encounter when caring for resuscitated ...patients is essential for improving the quality of their care.
This study aimed to identify the challenges encountered by critical care nurses in providing care during the post-resuscitation period.
A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen nurses working in the intensive care units of three teaching hospitals were selected through purposive sampling. The Data collected were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Participants experienced individual, interpersonal, and organizational challenges when providing post-resuscitation care. The most significant challenges include inadequate clinical knowledge and experience, poor management and communication skills, lack of support from nurse managers, role ambiguity, risk of violence, and inappropriate attitudes of physicians towards nurses' roles. Additionally, nurses expressed a negative attitude towards resuscitated patients.
Critical care nurses face several challenges in providing care for resuscitated patients. To enhance the quality of post-resuscitation care, address the challenges effectively and improve long-time survival it is crucial to implement interventions such as In-service education, post-resuscitation briefing, promotion of interprofessional collaboration among healthcare teams, providing sufficient human resources, clarifying nurses' roles in the post-resuscitation period and increasing support from nursing managers.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Aim
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of two methods of role playing and lecture on knowledge, attitude and performance of nursing' students in the context of ...pre‐hospital triage.
Design
This was a pre‐test–posttest quasi‐experimental study.
Methods
A total of 66 nursing students (third year) were assigned to two groups, the control group (N = 23) and intervention group (N = 23). START pre‐hospital triage was taught to two groups by using a lecture (control group) and role playing (intervention group) method. Immediately before the intervention and 4 weeks after the training, students' knowledge, attitude and practice in both groups were assessed through a questionnaire and a checklist. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 21.
Results
The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and performance increased after intervention in both groups (p < .05). The mean (SD) difference of total performance score from baseline to follow‐up in the experimental group and the control group was 23.91 (13.83) and 7.00 (13.20), respectively (p < .001). While there was no significant difference between the mean (SD) difference of knowledge and attitude scores in the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention (p > .05).
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Arterial punctures for monitoring respiratory problems are one of the most painful procedures in hospitalized patients. The knowledge regarding non-pharmacologic methods of pain management, including ...cold application is limited.
This aim of this study was to determine if the application of ice pack before the procedure would decrease the pain perception of patients during the arterial puncture.
This experimental study was undertaken among patients admitted to emergency ward in a public educational center affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam/Iran. Sixty-one eligible subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The treatment group (n=31) received ice pack before arterial puncture, whereas the control group (n=30) received no intervention for pain management. Pain immediately and 5 minute after the arterial puncture were scored on a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10.
The mean of pain score immediately after the arterial puncture were 3.12 (1.68) and 4.6 (1.56) for treatment and control group, respectively (p<0. 001). The mean pain score 5 minute after the punctures were 1.9 (1.51) for treatment group and 2.53 (1.85) for control group. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean of heart rate during the procedure were 75.45 (9.76) beats/min for the treatment subjects and 75.46 (9.36) beats/min for the control group (p>0.05). Patients with previous arterial puncture reported higher pain intensity.
Cold pack is a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive technique for pain management before the arterial puncture. However, there is a need for further research regarding this topic.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Given the ever-increasing of the older adults population and in order to achieve healthy and active ageing goals and improvement in the cognitive function and sleep quality in older adult, this study ...aimed to evaluate the effect of cognitive training program on improving cognitive function and ageing-related sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly in Iran, in 2018.
This was an experimental study. The sample comprised 420 older adults who were a member of the comprehensive health center in one of the southern cities of Iran. 164 had a cognitive problem and sleep disorder, of whom 108 were selected by the available method and based on inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n=54) and a control group (n=54). Experimental group samples were undergoing the intervention for two months. Data were collected using MMSE questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality, insomnia severity index and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Data were collected one month before-and-after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
There was no significant difference between the mean score of cognitive function and sleep quality in both the intervention group and the control group before the intervention (
>0.05). At the post-test, the mean (SD) of elderly adults' cognitive function in the intervention and control groups were 2.7 (1.3) and 3.44 (1.7), respectively (
=0.017). Moreover, the mean (SD) of sleep quality in older adults in the intervention and the control group was 6.76 (2.3) and 9.25 (2.36), respectively (
<0.001).
Given the obtained results in the current study the cognitive training promotes cognitive function and sleep quality in older adults. Therefore, since this program is effective, low-cost and applicable, it can be used to improve cognitive function and sleep disorder in the older adult population.
Aims and objectives. To determine the frequency of needlestick injuries and barriers of reporting such injuries amongst Iranian nurses.
Background. Exposure to blood‐borne pathogens because of ...needlestick injuries in particular is a potential risk for healthcare workers, including clinical nurses. The burden of sharp injuries sustained by healthcare workers is still unclear, primarily because of underreporting.
Design. A cross‐sectional study was undertaken amongst 111 clinical nurses working in five major teaching hospitals in Tehran/Iran during 2007–2008 who were randomly selected.
Methods. A validated self‐reported questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and history of experiences with contaminated needlesticks as well as probably reason/s for underreporting such injuries was used.
Results. More than half of the enrolled nurses (54·1%, n = 60) had no experience of contaminated injuries, while the rest of 45·9% (n = 51) had experienced at least one contaminated needlestick injuries during their clinical performance. More than one‐third (34·0%, n = 38) had experienced a mean of 58 contaminated needlestick injuries during the past 12 months (crude incidence: 0·52 NSI/nurse/year). Only 14 nurses (36·8%) with needlestick injuries experiences had officially reported their experiences. The major reasons for not reporting needlestick injuries were dissatisfaction with follow‐up investigations by officials after reporting the events (33·3%) and safe/low risk considering of source patients (29·2%).
Conclusions. Increased frequency and underreporting of needlestick injuries amongst Iranian nurses is going to be a major concern. As a preventive strategy, further interventions such as constant staff training, life‐long learning and standardising postexposure procedures are recommended.
Relevance to clinical practice. Determining the prevalence, burden and reasons for underreporting needlestick injuries by clinical nurses are required for establishing a preventive strategy to decrease hospital infections.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
INTRODUCTION: Majority of critical care nurses do not have desirable skills in performing endotracheal tube suctioning (ETS) despite related training taught in the curricula. This study aimed to ...investigate and compare the effect of education through video and performance feedback (PF) on nurses' skills in performing ETS. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study. The sample size comprised of all nurses (n = 49) working in the intensive care unit of one of the educational hospital located in one of the western cities of Iran. Nurses were assigned to either one of educational video (EV) and PF groups. Data were collected using a 25-item structured best practices information sheet. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: After the interventions, no significant difference was found in the total mean score of nurses' practice in ETS between those who received education through EV and those who received through PF (16.3 vs. 15.1) (P > 0.05). Before and after the intervention, a significant improvement was observed in the total mean score and other dimensions of nurses' practice in endotracheal suctioning (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that both of methods through feedback and EV are useful in improving nurses' ETS practice. However, further studies are required to examine the effects of such interventions in the long term.
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