The practice of freedom of contract in Indonesia is remain imbalance due to unequal position of the parties. This imbalance has been used by companies to take advantages and at the same time harm ...consumers. This study aims to explain the "undue influence" doctrine in legal practice in Indonesia and its function in emphasizing the importance of the consensual principle in contracts. By using normative juridical approach based on secondary legal materials, statutory, and court decisions, and the data were collected through literature study and analyzed qualitatively. The terminology of undue influence or misbruik van omstandigheden in the Indonesian Civil Code obviously has not been regulated but has the same character as the concept of “defect of the will” as regulated in Article 1321 of the Code. The provision of “defect of the will” is an integral part of the consensual principle in Article 1320 of the Code. The function of this doctrine limits the application of the absolute principle of freedom of contract and becomes a source of law for judges in resolving contract disputes in court. In the reform of the national contract law, this doctrine should be considered to be included as an important element to complete main aspects of Article 1321 of the Code.
Indonesia is known as a maritime state which is associated with marine and fisheries activities. The existence of a harbor, such as the Port of Belawan in Medan City, often causes conflicts in the ...issue of marine fisheries, especially related to sea pollution. This article investigates the implementation of compensation when traditional fishermen are affected by environmental pollution, especially tankers, its opportunities and challenges in the Indonesian legal context. This study employed a normative and empirical approach, covering the study sites of North Sumatra and Riau Islands Province, which share the border with the Malacca Strait. To date, there are no rules regarding compensation for fishermen, however, there are some embryonic mode such as the existence of experienced human resources from the Environmental Agency of Riau Islands Province in the implementation of compensation for traditional fishermen affected by pollution of the marine environment. This study encourages the local government (i.e., the provincial government) to give more attention related to the compensation for traditional fishermen who are affected by pollution of the marine environment in the form of Regional Regulations or other policies.
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The marine and fishery areas of North Sumatra Province, especial Medan and Serdang Bedagai Regency have a very huge potential for both regional and national economies. However, no real legal ...protection is provided to safeguard the lives of the fishermen and women who make this happen. This study aims at finding out the reasons that lie behind this lack of legal protection for fishermen and women and how the North Sumatran Government can make good use of the national legal framework to implement laws and regulations that best protect its fishing communities.
Indonesia terkenal sebagai negara maritim yang terkait dengan kegiatan laut dan perikanan. Kewujudan pelabuhan, seperti Pelabuhan Belawan di Kota Medan, sering menimbulkan konflik dalam isu perikanan ...laut, terutamanya apabila timbul permasalahan pencemaran laut. Makalah ini menyelidiki pelaksanaan pampasan ketika nelayan tradisional terkesan oleh pencemaran alam sekitar, terutamanya pencemaran dari kapal tangki. Makalah ini turut melihat peluang dan kekangan dalam konteks undang-undang Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan empirikal yang meliputi lokasi kajian di Sumatera Utara dan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, yang berbatasan dengan Selat Melaka. Hingga kini, tidak ada peraturan mengenai pampasan bagi nelayan, namun, ada beberapa punca seperti adanya sumber manusia yang berpengalaman dari Badan Lingkungan Hidup di Kepulauan Riau dalam melaksanakan pampasan bagi nelayan tradisional yang terkesan oleh pencemaran persekitaran laut. Kajian ini mencadangkan ketua daerah (iaitu, pemerintah provinsi) untuk memberikan perhatian lebih terperinci terhadap pampasan bagi nelayan tradisional yang terkesan oleh pencemaran persekitaran laut dalam bentuk Peraturan Daerah.
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