Luteolin (3′, 4′, 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) has been identified as commonly present in plants. Plants with a high luteolin content have been used ethnopharmacologically to treat inflammation-related ...symptoms. Both isolated luteolin and extracts from luteolin-rich plants have been studied using various models and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity.
This paper uses recent research findings with a broad range of study models to describe the anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin, particularly its mechanisms at the molecular level; provide guidance for future research; and evaluate the feasibility of developing luteolin into an anti-inflammatory drug.
We summarize reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin published since 2009, which we found in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar. To acquire broad information, we extended our search to online FDA documents.
Luteolin is a flavonoid commonly found in medicinal plants and has strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Some of its derivatives, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, have also shown anti-inflammatory activity. The action mechanism of luteolin varies, but Src in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, MAPK in the activator protein (AP)− 1 pathway, and SOCS3 in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway are its major target transcription factors. A clinical trial with a formulation containing luteolin showed excellent therapeutic effect against inflammation-associated diseases.
In silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies strongly suggest that the major pharmacological mechanism of luteolin is its anti-inflammatory activity, which derives from its regulation of transcription factors such as STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1. Much work remains to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of luteolin before it can be used to treat inflammation-related diseases in humans.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The sustainability performance of the desalination processes has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the current progress and future perspective of a life cycle assessment ...(LCA) of desalination technology in 62 previous studies have been reviewed for the period 2004–2019. It was found that the number of LCA studies related to seawater reverse osmosis has gained popularity compared to other types of desalination technologies. The review emphasized the application of LCA to desalination by means of research objective, scope of study, life stages, and impact assessment. Although previous LCA studies were conducted to assess the environmental performance of the desalination technology, little attention was given to evaluating the impact of other sustainability aspects (i.e., economic and social). The latter part of this study discusses the challenges, feasibility, and recommendations for future LCA studies on desalination technology. The integration of the LCA approach with other approaches allows a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability performance of desalination technology. Thus, the combined approaches should be explored in future studies to gain insight into the sensitivity and uncertainty of the data to make an assessment that can be useful in policy-making.
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•The applicability of LCA to desalination technology has been reviewed worldwide.•Environmental performance of different types of desalination technologies are reviewed.•Economic and social aspects are less often considered in the assessment.•Sensitivity and uncertainty levels of the data must be taken into account in LCA.•Challenges are assessed and recommendations for future LCA studies are proposed.
The environmental sustainability performance of desalination technology can be holistically assessed using an LCA methodology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of conventional and organic rice cultivations and proposes a sustainable conceptual framework of rice farming based on the life cycle assessment ...(LCA) approach. A cradle-to-gate LCA was performed by using the ReCiPe 2016 method and SimaPro 8.5 software. The functional unit was one ton of rice grains harvested. Primary data were obtained from the farmer, while secondary data were collected from Ecoinvent 3.0, the Agri Footprint 3.0 database and the literature. The total characterization factors for global warming potential (GWP), water consumption potential (WCP) and fossil fuel depletion potential (FFP) were 457.89 kg CO
2
-eq, 98.18 m
3
and 84.56 kg oil-eq, respectively, at the midpoint level for conventional rice, while the impacts for organic rice were 140.55 kg CO
2
-eq, 29.45 m
3
and 22.25 kg oil-eq, respectively. At the endpoint level, the total characterization factors for human health damage (HH), ecosystem damage (ED) and resource availability (RA) for conventional rice were 9.63 × 10
−4
DALY, 5.54 × 10
−6
species.year and 30.98 Dollar, respectively, while for organic rice, the impacts were 2.60 × 10
−4
DALY, 2.28 × 10
−6
species.year and 8.44 Dollar, respectively. Rice cultivation impacted the environment, particularly in relation to three impact categories: GWP, WCP and FFP. The cultivation phase of rice production was the main contributor to environmental impacts due to the production and application of fertilizer and pesticides. It can be concluded that the application of LCA in agricultural sector is able to provide information and responses for policy makers in understanding the potential environmental impacts at various spatial levels.
This study aims to evaluate the cradle-to-gate life cycle environmental performance of biogas production by the anaerobic digestion (AD) of POME. The life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed using ...the ReCiPe 2016 method and SimaPro 8.5 software. This study emphasizes on global warming (GWP), land use change (LUC) and water consumption (WCP) due to their significant contributions. It was found that the total characterization factor for human health damage by WCP and GWP ranges from 2.49 × 10−8 to 3.36 × 10−3 DALY per m3 of consumption and 1.45 × 10−5 to 1.42 × 10−3 DALY per kg of emission, respectively. The total characterization factor for ecosystem damage by WCP, LUC, and GWP ranges from 6.76 × 10−15 to 2.04 × 10−5 PDF·m2·yr·m−3, 4.92 × 10−8 to 4.78 × 10−6 PDF·m2·yr·m−2, and 1.19 × 10−12 to 4.28 × 10−6 PDF·m2·yr·kg−1, respectively. It can be concluded that waste-derived biogas is a promising technology that can be used to meet the national goals for a sustainable renewable energy. This study can be a starting point to highlight the sustainability of biogas production for a proper waste management and energy recovery in Malaysia context.
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•Environmental performance of biogas production was investigated. .•Environmental hotspots in the supply chain of biogas from POME were identified.•Global warming, water consumption and land use change dominate the impacts.•Waste-derived biogas helps towards a proper waste management and energy recovery.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper provides a comprehensive review of 48 studies on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of biogas production from 2006 to 2018 (13 years). The scope of the study, type of feedstock and impact ...categories used in the reviewed studies were discussed. Although various studies have been carried out to assess the efficiency and potential of wastes for biogas production, however, little attention has been paid particularly in the developing countries to conduct comprehensive analysis related to the environmental performance of biogas generation based on the LCA methodology. In Malaysia, the utilization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the source of energy has recently been expanded due to its abundant production at the palm oil mills. Therefore, this paper also highlights and discusses the feasibility of LCA approach on biogas production from POME as well as the opportunities and challenges from the Malaysian perspective.
•Utilization of biogas production from organic waste to provide a clean energy.•Environmental performance of biogas as a renewable energy using an LCA methodology.•The trends of LCA approach in biogas production was reviewed worldwide.•The opportunities of biogas production from POME in Malaysian was discussed.•The feasibility of LCA approach on biogas production in Malaysian was discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are capturing the spotlight in large-scale photovoltaic (PV) applications. Studies reported their ability to work under different PV power unbalance conditions; ...however, no study has covered their operation under voltage sag conditions. This article proposes a multiobjective internal power balancing control to be applied to a competent PV-MMC configuration to simultaneously deal with both PV power unbalance and voltage sag conditions. The proposed strategy consists of two controllers: 1) a circulating current (CC) control which is responsible for balancing the power flow of the MMC under any PV power unbalance condition and 2) arm voltage compensation to deal with the unbalanced voltage sags and ensuring the CCs and submodule (SM) voltages are kept balanced without overmodulation issues. Also, the grid control is designed to keep a balanced current injection to the grid under any condition. The PV-MMC system and the proposed control are designed and tested using hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) and experimentally to validate the effectiveness of the control in eliminating any power unbalance under different operation conditions.
As a multi-function method, Building Information Modeling (BIM) can assist construction organizations in improving their project’s quality, optimize collaboration efficiency, and reduce construction ...periods and expenditure. Given the distinguished contributions of BIM utilization, there is a trend that BIM has significant potential to be utilized in the construction phase of green buildings. Compared with traditional buildings, green buildings have more stringent requirements, including environmental protection, saving energy, and residents’ comfort. Although BIM is deemed an effective method to achieve the abovementioned requirements in the construction process of green buildings, there are few systematic reviews that explore the capabilities of BIM in the construction phase of green buildings. This has hindered the utilization of BIM in the construction of green buildings. To bridge this research gap and review the latest BIM capabilities, this study was developed to perform a systematic review of the BIM capabilities in the construction phase of green buildings. In this systematic review, the PRISMA protocol has been used as the primary procedure for article screening and review. The entire systematic review was performed from January 2022 to April 2022. In this process, 165 articles were included, reviewed, and discussed. Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were adopted as the databases. Through this systematic review, it can be identified that BIM capabilities have significant advantages in project quality improvement, lifecycle data storage and management, collaboration optimization, planning, and schedule management optimization in the construction phase of green buildings. Through the discussion, it can be concluded that BIM utilization can be adopted from the pre-construction phase to the post-construction stage in the green building construction process. Besides these, the barriers to BIM utilization in the green building construction phase are also revealed in the discussion section, including the non-uniform data format, insufficient interactivity, ambiguous ownership, insufficient BIM training, and hesitation toward BIM adoption. Moreover, the challenges and future directions of BIM utilization in green building construction are identified. The findings of this study can facilitate construction personnel to be acquainted with BIM capabilities in the construction of green buildings to promote the utilization and optimization of BIM capabilities in the green building construction process.
•ISA had facilitated the sizing process when dealing with numerous set of system components.•Incorporation of FASA in sizing algorithm had improved overall computation time when compared to ISA.•FASA ...required minimum number of generations for convergence when compared to other CI-based sizing algorithms.•FASA produced minimum computation time with least number of population when compared to other CI-based sizing algorithms.•FASA is at least 1.93 times faster than PSO, EP, and GA in achieving the optimal solution for each design case.
This paper presents Firefly Algorithm-based Sizing Algorithm (FASA) for sizing optimization of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (SAPV) system. Firefly Algorithm (FA) was used to optimally select the model of each system component such that a technical performance indicator is consequently optimized. Prior to implementation of FASA, an Iterative-based Sizing Algorithms known as ISA had been developed to determine the optimal solutions which were used as benchmark for FASA. Although ISA was capable in determining the optimal design solutions when there are numerous models for each system component being considered, the computation time of ISA can be very long as ISA tested every possible combination of PV module, battery, charge controller and inverter during sizing process. Therefore, FASA was introduced to accelerate the sizing optimization for SAPV system. FA was incorporated into sizing algorithm with the technical performance indicator was set to optimize the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). Besides that, two design cases of PV-battery system, i.e. system with standard charge controller denoted as Case 1 and system with MPPT-based charge controller denoted as Case 2 were investigated. The results showed that FASA had successfully found the optimal LPSP in all design cases. In addition, sizing algorithm with FA was also discovered to outperform sizing algorithm with selected computational intelligence in producing the lowest computation time in the sizing optimization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Waste-derived biogas is a promising technology that yields a renewable, sustainable, and green source of energy. This study was conducted to determine the potential of biogas production from six ...types of substrates (i.e., goat dung, chicken dung, fish waste, rice waste, palm oil mill effluent, and sewage sludge). The production of biogas from these substrates was compared using industrial inoculum and traditional bokashi as catalysts. The physicochemical characteristics were assessed using laboratory based analyses, whereas the Bio-Methane Potential (BMP) assay was used to measure the biogas production under mesophilic conditions for 20 consecutive days. The results revealed that all substrates using industrial inoculum have the potential to produce biogas based on the organic compound content. No methane gas was produced from the substrates using traditional bokashi. In conclusion, using industrial inoculum as a catalyst, all substrates could produce energy for a small-scale industry.
•Production of biogas production was measured using Bio-Methane Potential (BMP) test.•The production of biogas depends on the content of organic compounds.•Locally available biomass and organic materials can be utilised for biogas production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
