ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore suicide ideation in association with multiple occupational exposures, especially those related to the psychosocial work environment, in the French ...working population.MethodsThe study relied on the data of the 2016 national working conditions survey, including a sample of the French working population of 20,430 employees, 8,579 men and 11,851 women. The outcome was suicide ideation within the 12 last months. All types of occupational exposures were explored including psychosocial work factors, working time/hours and physico-chemical exposures. The exposures-outcome associations were examined by weighted logistic regression models with adjustment for covariates. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check the robustness of the results.ResultsThe prevalence of suicide ideation was of similar magnitude among men and women (5.2% and 5.7% respectively). A large number of psychosocial work factors were associated with suicide ideation: quantitative and cognitive demands, low influence and possibilities for development, low meaning at work, low sense of community, role conflict, job insecurity, temporary employment, changes at work, and internal violence. The risk of suicide ideation increased with the number of psychosocial work exposures linearly. There were some differences in the exposure-outcome associations between genders. No association was observed for working time/hours and physico-chemical exposures with suicide ideation. Sensitivity analyses provided similar results.ConclusionPsychosocial work exposures were associated with suicide ideation, and displayed cumulative effects on this outcome. Our study is one the first to study multiple occupational exposures in association with suicide ideation. More research and prevention are needed on psychosocial work exposures and their cumulative effects on suicide ideation.
The objectives of the study were to explore the employment factors associated with long working hours, known as a risk factor for various health outcomes. The study relied on the national ...representative data of the 2013 French working conditions survey and a study sample of 23,378 full-time employees. Long working hours were defined by the threshold of 48 hours a week following the European Working Time Directive. The prevalence of long working hours was higher among men (13.5%) than among women (8.5%). Employees of the private sector, with permanent work contract, in small companies, and men in the services had a higher prevalence of exposure. This prevalence increased with educational and occupational levels. Our findings may help decision-makers to define preventive strategies. More research is needed to improve our knowledge of the employment factors associated with long working hours, as there may be strong differences between countries.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim was to estimate the association between dairy products (total and their subgroups), calcium intake and the risk of breast cancer. As few studies have considered menopausal status, we also ...investigated stratified analyses. This analysis included 3,627 women from the French SU.VI.MAX study, among whom 92 developed breast cancer during the follow-up period. Food consumption was assessed based on five 24-hour records completed during the previous 18 months to follow-up. Calcium intake was calculated using an ad-hoc food composition database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk (RR), comparing 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A lower risk of breast cancer was observed with high total dairy product consumption in the whole population (RR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.29-1.03, p(trend) = 0.03) and among premenopausal women with a RR of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.12-0.95, p(trend) = 0.01). None of these associations remained after control for calcium intake. Increasing calcium intake was inversely associated with breast cancer risk considering the whole population (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.27-0.91, p(trend) = 0.04) and among the subgroup of premenopausal women (RR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.10-0.71, p(trend) = 0.01) respectively. Our data support the hypothesis that dairy products, through calcium content or a correlated component, might have a negative association with the risk of breast cancer, particularly among premenopausal women.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
ObjectiveStudies exploring occupational exposures comprehensively in association with depression measured using diagnostic instrument are lacking. The present study aimed to examine the associations ...of occupational exposures with depression in the national French working population.MethodsWe used the data from the 2016 SUMER survey including a national representative sample of 25,977 employees, 14,682 men and 11,295 women. The outcome was depression measured using the validated PHQ-9 instrument and algorithm. All types of occupational exposures were studied: psychosocial work factors, working time and hours, and physico-chemical exposures. The exposures-outcome associations were examined using weighted logistic regression analyses for each gender separately. The following covariates were taken into account: age, marital status, occupation, and economic activity of the company.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 5.70% for women and 3.78% for men, with a significant difference between genders. Low levels of decision latitude and reward, bullying, work-family conflict and ethical conflict for men and women, and high levels of psychological demands, low levels of social support, and long working hours for women were found to be associated with depression. There was no association between physico-chemical exposures and depression.ConclusionOur study showed that the main occupational risk factors for depression were psychosocial work exposures. The study had two major strengths: the assessment of the work environment comprehensively and the measurement of depression using a diagnostic instrument and algorithm. Prevention oriented towards the psychosocial work environment may be useful to prevent depression at the workplace.
ObjectiveMany studies suggest that working conditions may have an impact on health, including sleep. One of the main limitations inthe literature, however, is that studies have explored a limited ...number of occupational exposures and have not addressed the issue of multiple exposures. Our objective was to study the associations of a large variety of occupational exposures with sleep problems, and to assess the impact of multiple occupational exposures on this outcome.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 20430 employees aged 15–65 years (8579 men, 11851 women) included in the representative sample of the working population from the 2016 French national survey on working conditions. Participants were classified as having sleep problems if they reported sleep disturbances and/or sleep medication, at least several times a week. Occupational exposures were: 21 psychosocial work factors (PWFs) further grouped in five dimensions (work demands, work organization and job content, interpersonal relations and leadership, work-individual interface, workplace violence), four working time/hours factors and four physico-chemical exposures. Weighted robust Poisson regressions were performed to study the associations between occupational exposures and sleep problems after adjustment for covariates, in men and women separately.ResultsAmong the studied working time/hours factors, only night work among women was associated with sleep problems, while most of psychosocial work factors and physico-chemical exposures were significantly associated with sleep problems. Stronger exposure-outcome associations were found in men for some PWFs. The odds of sleep problems increased with increasing number of exposures for most dimensions of PWFs, and with increasing number of physico-chemical exposures (non-significant trend in women).ConclusionPsychosocial and physico-chemical exposures were found to be associated with sleep problems, and the higher the number of exposures, the higher the odds of sleep problems. More studies are needed on multiple occupational exposures in association with sleep problems among working populations.
Abstract Background The Nutrition and Health Program (Programme National Nutrition Santé), which has been carried out in France since 2001, includes diet and physical activity recommendations that ...are being widely disseminated to the general population. Objectives To develop a score based on adherence to these recommendations and retrospectively estimated its association with demographic and behavior factors, nutrient intake, and serum biomarkers. The Programme National Nutrition Santé Guideline Score (PNNS-GS) includes 13 components. Scoring and cut-off values were determined using information provided by national guidelines. At least one point was attributed when the behavior reported was in accordance with the recommendation. Design/subjects Adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX study with a minimum of three 24-hour dietary records were included in our analysis (n=5,500). Statistical analysis Data were analyzed by sex, and sex-specific quartiles of scores were estimated. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for social and demographic variables were used to estimate the odds ratios for having a relatively high score (quartile 4 vs others). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine associations of nutrient intake or biomarkers with PNNS-GS quartiles. When applicable, we included a linear contrast to test for trend. Results The authors found statistical associations between the top PNNS-GS quartile and older age, higher occupational categories, nonsmoking status, and normal body mass ( P ≤0.05). Higher PNNS-GS was also associated with lower intake of energy, cholesterol, and added simple sugars, and higher intake of various protective micronutrients. In addition, higher levels of serum beta-carotene and vitamin C were positively associated with increasing quartiles of PNNS-GS. Conclusions This score is a useful tool for monitoring compliance with the French recommendations.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between iron status and cancer in a population of middle-aged adults living in France where iron supplementation and iron-fortified foods are ...rarely used. The SU.VI.MAX study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial evaluating the effect of antioxidant supplementation on chronic diseases in women aged 35–60 and men aged 45–60 y. At baseline, concentrations of hemoglobin, serum transferrin and serum ferritin were measured in 10,197 subjects. Data on dietary intake were estimated from six 24-h dietary records completed during the first 2 study years and available for 5287 subjects. All cancer cases that occurred during the 7.5-y follow-up were validated. In men, baseline serum transferrin and serum ferritin concentrations did not differ between subjects with cancers (n = 467) and those without. In women, serum ferritin was higher (P < 0.0001) and serum transferrin tended to be lower (P < 0.08) in cancer cases. Iron status was not related to cancer risk in men, but women with serum ferritin concentrations > 160 μg/L had an increased risk of cancer (odds ratio = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.05,3.35). No relation was found between dietary iron intake and risk of all cancer sites combined for either men or women. Our results suggest that iron status is not a predictor of cancer risk in men, whereas a serum ferritin concentration > 160 μg/L may be associated with an increase in cancer risk in women.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background: Liver fibrosis staging provides prognostic value, although hampered by observer variability. We used digital analysis to develop diagnostic morphometric scores for significant fibrosis, ...cirrhosis and fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis C. Materials and Methods: We automated the measurement of 44 classical and new morphometric descriptors. The reference was histological METAVIR fibrosis (F) staging (F0 to F4) on liver biopsies. The derivation population included 416 patients and liver biopsies ≥20 mm-length. Two validation population included 438 patients. Results: In the derivation population, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for clinically significant fibrosis (F stage ≥2) of a logistic score combining 5 new descriptors (stellar fibrosis area, edge linearity, bridge thickness, bridge number, nodularity) was 0.957. The AUROC for cirrhosis of 6 new descriptors (edge linearity, nodularity, portal stellar fibrosis area, portal distance, granularity, fragmentation) was 0.994. Predicted METAVIR F staging combining 8 morphometric descriptors agreed well with METAVIR F staging by pathologists: κ = 0.868. Morphometric score of clinically significant fibrosis had a higher correlation with porto-septal fibrosis area (rs = 0.835) than METAVIR F staging (rs = 0.756, P < 0.001) and the same correlations with fibrosis biomarkers, e.g., serum hyaluronate: rs = 0.484 versus rs = 0.476 for METAVIR F (P = 0.862). In the validation population, the AUROCs of clinically significant fibrosis and cirrhosis scores were, respectively: 0.893 and 0.993 in 153 patients (biopsy < 20 mm); 0.955 and 0.994 in 285 patients (biopsy ≥ 20 mm). The three morphometric diagnoses agreed with consensus expert reference as well as or better than diagnoses by first-line pathologists in 285 patients, respectively: significant fibrosis: 0.733 versus 0.733 (κ), cirrhosis: 0.900 versus 0.827, METAVIR F: 0.881 versus 0.865. Conclusion: The new automated morphometric scores provide reproducible and accurate diagnoses of fibrosis stages via “virtual expert pathologist.”
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aims: Working conditions, especially psychosocial work factors (PWFs), are thought to influence mental health outcomes among working populations, but there have been few studies on well-being per se. ...We assessed the prospective associations between a wide variety of occupational factors, including PWFs, multiple exposure to these factors, and well-being among employees in France. Methods: This study was based on a nationally representative sample of 15,776 employees, including 6595 men and 9181 women, followed up from 2013 to 2016. Psychological well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Occupational factors included 20 PWFs, 4 factors related to working time/hours, and 4 physical work exposures. The associations of occupational exposures with poor well-being were estimated using weighted robust Poisson regression models in men and women separately. Results: Among the employees who rated their well-being as good in 2013, 10.3% of men and 16.8% of women had a poor well-being 3 years later. Most PWFs in 2013 were associated with poor well-being in 2016 among women, and half of them among men. An increase in the risk of poor well-being with the number of PWFs was found. Noise exposure was associated with poor well-being in women. Conclusions: The occupational factors associated with psychological well-being were mainly those related to the psychosocial work environment. A linear association was observed between the number of exposures to PWFs and well-being. Preventive policies focused on PWFs may be beneficial for well-being. More attention should be given to multiple exposures to these factors.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
