Vanadium-based oxides are considered potential cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their distinctive layered (or tunnel) structure suitable for zinc ion storage. However, ...the structural instability and sluggish kinetics of vanadium-based oxides have limited their capacity and cycling stability for large-scale applications. To overcome these shortcomings, here a porous vanadium-based oxide doped with zinc ions and carbon with the molecular formula ZnV
O
@C (ZVO@C) as the cathode material is synthesized by the pyrolysis of a bimetallic MOF precursor containing Zn/V. This electrode demonstrates a remarkable specific capacity of 425 mA h g
at 0.5 A g
and excellent cycling stability with about 97% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 A g
. The excellent electrochemical performance of ZVO@C can be attributed to more reaction active sites and the faster reaction kinetics for zinc ion diffusion and storage brought about by the porous layered spinel-type tunnel structure with high surface area and massive mesoporosity, as well as the enhanced electron transport efficiency and more stable channel structure achieved from the doped conductive carbon. The reaction mechanism and structural evolution of the ZVO@C electrode are analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing the formation of a new phase of ZnxV
O
·
H
O during the first charge, which participates in reversible cycling together with ZVO@C during the charging and discharging processes. Moreover, the energy storage mechanism is revealed, in which zinc ions and hydrogen ions jointly participate in intercalation and extraction. The present study demonstrates that constructing composite vanadium-based oxides based on bimetallic organic frameworks as precursor templates is an effective strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.
Vanadium-based oxides are considered potential cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their distinctive layered (or tunnel) structure suitable for zinc ion storage. However, ...the structural instability and sluggish kinetics of vanadium-based oxides have limited their capacity and cycling stability for large-scale applications. To overcome these shortcomings, here a porous vanadium-based oxide doped with zinc ions and carbon with the molecular formula ZnV2O4@C (ZVO@C) as the cathode material is synthesized by the pyrolysis of a bimetallic MOF precursor containing Zn/V. This electrode demonstrates a remarkable specific capacity of 425 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with about 97% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of ZVO@C can be attributed to more reaction active sites and the faster reaction kinetics for zinc ion diffusion and storage brought about by the porous layered spinel-type tunnel structure with high surface area and massive mesoporosity, as well as the enhanced electron transport efficiency and more stable channel structure achieved from the doped conductive carbon. The reaction mechanism and structural evolution of the ZVO@C electrode are analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing the formation of a new phase of ZnxV2O5·nH2O during the first charge, which participates in reversible cycling together with ZVO@C during the charging and discharging processes. Moreover, the energy storage mechanism is revealed, in which zinc ions and hydrogen ions jointly participate in intercalation and extraction. The present study demonstrates that constructing composite vanadium-based oxides based on bimetallic organic frameworks as precursor templates is an effective strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.
Vanadium-based oxides are considered potential cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their distinctive layered (or tunnel) structure suitable for zinc ion storage. However, ...the structural instability and sluggish kinetics of vanadium-based oxides have limited their capacity and cycling stability for large-scale applications. To overcome these shortcomings, here a porous vanadium-based oxide doped with zinc ions and carbon with the molecular formula ZnV
2
O
4
@C (ZVO@C) as the cathode material is synthesized by the pyrolysis of a bimetallic MOF precursor containing Zn/V. This electrode demonstrates a remarkable specific capacity of 425 mA h g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
and excellent cycling stability with about 97% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 A g
−1
. The excellent electrochemical performance of ZVO@C can be attributed to more reaction active sites and the faster reaction kinetics for zinc ion diffusion and storage brought about by the porous layered spinel-type tunnel structure with high surface area and massive mesoporosity, as well as the enhanced electron transport efficiency and more stable channel structure achieved from the doped conductive carbon. The reaction mechanism and structural evolution of the ZVO@C electrode are analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing the formation of a new phase of ZnxV
2
O
5
·
n
H
2
O during the first charge, which participates in reversible cycling together with ZVO@C during the charging and discharging processes. Moreover, the energy storage mechanism is revealed, in which zinc ions and hydrogen ions jointly participate in intercalation and extraction. The present study demonstrates that constructing composite vanadium-based oxides based on bimetallic organic frameworks as precursor templates is an effective strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.
The spinel type vanadium-based oxide ZnV
2
O
4
@C derived from metal-organic frameworks exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.
Manganese based oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for secondary aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, its structural instability and slow reaction kinetics have hampered its ...large-scale application. Here, a rational nitrogen and sulfur diatomic doping strategy is suggested to enhance the electrochemical activity and reversibility of manganese dioxide. The nitrogen and sulfur-doped manganese dioxide (N-MnxOy-S) electrode material is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal approach combined with a low temperature vulcanization treatment. The electrode exhibits an excellent initial discharge capacity of 178 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1. Even at a high rate of 2 A g−1, the capacity retention rate exceeds 90% for 3000 cycles. The large number of oxygen defects increases the storage sites for zinc ions, resulting in the excellent electrochemical properties of N-MnxOy-S. Additionally, the Mn-S and Mn-N bonds in N-MnxOy-S boost the interfacial dynamics of manganese dioxide, which can effectively reduce the dissolution of manganese and efficiently improve the electronic conductivity. The current study demonstrates that nitrogen and sulfur co-doping is a successful method for enhancing the electrochemical performance of manganese-based oxide cathodes, which serves as an important benchmark for the development of cathode materials appropriate for aqueous zinc ion batteries.
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•The N-MnxOy-S material is synthesized by a hydrothermal method combined with a sulphurisation treatment.•The Zn//N-MnxOy-S battery shows superior capacity retention rate of more than 90% after 3000 cycles at 2 A g -1.•This excellent electrochemical behavior is attributed to the oxygen vacancies induced by nitrogen and sulfur doping.•The Mn-S and Mn-N bonds further promoted the interface dynamics of manganese dioxide.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It has been demonstrated that nonintegrating lentiviral vectors (NILVs) are efficient in maintaining transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. Gene delivery by NILVs can significantly reduce ...nonspecific vector integration, which has been shown to cause malignant transformation in patients receiving gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Strong and sustained immune responses were observed after a single immunization with NILVs carrying viral antigens. However, there is no report to date that evaluates the efficacy of NILVs in inducing antigen-specific antitumor immunity. Using a well-characterized tumor model, we tested in vivo immunization with a self-inactivating lentiviral vector harboring a defective integrase. A high frequency of ovalbumin peptide (OVAp1)-specific CD8(+) T cells and a substantial antibody response were detected in naive mice immunized with an NILV encoding an OVA transgene. Furthermore, this immunization method completely protected the mice against the growth of E.G7 tumor cells expressing the OVA antigen. Thus, this study provides evidence that immunization using NILVs can be a safe and promising approach for exploring cancer immunotherapy.
At present, vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are limited by their slow reaction kinetics, poor electrical conductivity, and low capacity retention. To overcome these ...problems, here, we design a layered porous Mn0.18V2O5@C as the cathode material for AZIBs using a manganese-containing metal–organic framework as a template through a simple solvothermal method. Such an electrode delivers an excellent specific capacity (380 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) accompanied by superior cycling stability (about 85% capacity retention for 2000 cycles at 6 A g−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of Mn0.18V2O5@C is ascribed to the improved interface activity including smooth zinc ion transport, abundant ion reaction active sites and accelerated charge transfer resulting from the coordination of the porous structure, doped conductive carbon, and the stable channel structure derived from the pillar effect of doping manganese ions, preventing a premature collapse of the electrode structure. It is also revealed by structural evolution analysis that the residual zinc ions also combine with the original Mn0.18V2O5 to form a ZnxMnyV2O5 phase, which serves as an additional structural pillar and in the meantime, also participates in the following cycles. These favorable electrochemical results suggest that Mn0.18V2O5@C is a suitable cathode material for AZIBs.
Removing excessively produced cytokines is of paramount significance in blood purification therapy for hypercytokinemia-associated diseases. In this study, we devised a conduit that is modified with ...nanobodies (Nb) and incorporates static mixers (Nb-SMC) to eliminate surplus cytokines from the bloodstream. The low-pressure-drop (LPD) static mixer, with each unit featuring two 90°-crossed blades, was strategically arranged in a tessellated pattern on the inner wall of the conduit to induce turbulent mixing effects during the flow of blood. This arrangement enhances mass transfer and molecular diffusion, thereby assisting in the identification and elimination of cytokines. By utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies, the Nb-SMC was rationally designed and prepared, ensuring an optimal interval between two mixer units (H/G = 2.5). The resulting Nb-SMC exhibited a remarkable selective clearance of IL-17A, reaching up to 85 %. Additionally, the process of Nb immobilization could be adjusted to achieve the simultaneous removal of multiple cytokines from the bloodstream. Notably, our Nb-SMC displayed good blood compatibility without potential adverse effects on the composition of human blood. As the sole documented static mixer-integrated conduit capable of selectively eliminating cytokines at their physiological concentrations, it holds promise in the clinical potential for hypercytokinemia in high-risk patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: High-efficient cytokines removal in critical care still remains a challenge. The conduit technique we proposed here is a brand-new strategy for cytokines removal in blood purification therapy. On the one hand, nanobody endows the conduit with specific recognition of cytokine, on the other hand, the build-in static mixer enhances the diffusion of antigenic cytokine to the ligand. The combination of these two has jointly achieved the efficient and specific removal of cytokine. This innovative material is the only reported artificial biomaterial capable of selectively eliminating multiple cytokines under conditions close to clinical practice. It has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with hypercytokinemia and reduce the risk of adverse events associated with current treatment modalities.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
At present, vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are limited by their slow reaction kinetics, poor electrical conductivity, and low capacity retention. To overcome these ...problems, here, we design a layered porous Mn
0.18
V
2
O
5
@C as the cathode material for AZIBs using a manganese-containing metal-organic framework as a template through a simple solvothermal method. Such an electrode delivers an excellent specific capacity (380 mA h g
−1
at 0.1 A g
−1
) accompanied by superior cycling stability (about 85% capacity retention for 2000 cycles at 6 A g
−1
). The excellent electrochemical performance of Mn
0.18
V
2
O
5
@C is ascribed to the improved interface activity including smooth zinc ion transport, abundant ion reaction active sites and accelerated charge transfer resulting from the coordination of the porous structure, doped conductive carbon, and the stable channel structure derived from the pillar effect of doping manganese ions, preventing a premature collapse of the electrode structure. It is also revealed by structural evolution analysis that the residual zinc ions also combine with the original Mn
0.18
V
2
O
5
to form a Zn
x
Mn
y
V
2
O
5
phase, which serves as an additional structural pillar and in the meantime, also participates in the following cycles. These favorable electrochemical results suggest that Mn
0.18
V
2
O
5
@C is a suitable cathode material for AZIBs.
Manganese and carbon derived from organometallic frameworks contribute to the excellent electrochemical properties of vanadium-based oxides.
At present, vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are limited by their slow reaction kinetics, poor electrical conductivity, and low capacity retention. To overcome these ...problems, here, we design a layered porous Mn 0.18 V 2 O 5 @C as the cathode material for AZIBs using a manganese-containing metal–organic framework as a template through a simple solvothermal method. Such an electrode delivers an excellent specific capacity (380 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ) accompanied by superior cycling stability (about 85% capacity retention for 2000 cycles at 6 A g −1 ). The excellent electrochemical performance of Mn 0.18 V 2 O 5 @C is ascribed to the improved interface activity including smooth zinc ion transport, abundant ion reaction active sites and accelerated charge transfer resulting from the coordination of the porous structure, doped conductive carbon, and the stable channel structure derived from the pillar effect of doping manganese ions, preventing a premature collapse of the electrode structure. It is also revealed by structural evolution analysis that the residual zinc ions also combine with the original Mn 0.18 V 2 O 5 to form a Zn x Mn y V 2 O 5 phase, which serves as an additional structural pillar and in the meantime, also participates in the following cycles. These favorable electrochemical results suggest that Mn 0.18 V 2 O 5 @C is a suitable cathode material for AZIBs.
Intestinal epithelial cells form a physical barrier that is tightly regulated to control intestinal permeability. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, increase epithelial permeability through ...disruption of epithelial junctions. The regulation of the epithelial barrier in inflammatory gastrointestinal disease remains to be fully characterized. In this article, we show that the human inflammatory bowel disease genetic susceptibility gene
plays a key role in regulating gut epithelial permeability. C1ORF106 directly interacts with cytohesins to maintain functional epithelial cell junctions.
-deficient mice are hypersensitive to TNF-α-induced increase in epithelial permeability, and this is associated with increased diarrhea. This study identifies C1ORF106 as an epithelial cell junction protein, and the loss of C1ORF106 augments TNF-α-induced intestinal epithelial leakage and diarrhea that may play a critical role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
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