U drugoj polovici 18. i početkom 19. stoljeća nastalo je nekoliko dokumenata u kojima su opisani vlastelinstvo Belje i njegova naselja. Budući da je vlastelinstvo zauzimalo istočni i sjeverni dio ...takozvanoga "baranjskoga trokuta", odnosno onaj njegov dio koji se proteže uz desnu obalu Dunava i lijevu obalu Drave do njenoga ušća te obuhvaća Kopački rit, u ovim se izvorima mogu naći obavijesti o rijeci Dravi, njezinom utjecaju na život baranjskoga stanovništva i organizaciju beljskoga vlastelinstva te podaci o ljudskim intervencijama radi iskorištavanja prirodnih prednosti ili rješavanja problema svojstvenih spomenutom području. Prvi od spomenutih dokumenata je Komorski popis naselja vlastelinstva Belje iz 1766. godine. Najveći dio podataka iz ovoga popisa odnosi se na stanovništvo, opis samih naselja, gospodarstvo i porezne obveze, ali se iz njih mogu iščitati i obavijesti vezane uz rijeku Dravu i život uz nju. Drugi je Popis Baranjske županije nastao 1785. godine na temelju uredbe grofa Ferenca Széchényja, kraljevskog namjesnika u pečuškom okrugu, a u sklopu jozefinističkih reformnih nastojanja. Budući da je namjera popisa bila prikupljanje što podrobnijih podataka radi uvida u stanje područja, on je bogat raznovrsnim obavijestima, između ostaloga onima o prirodnim obilježjima, uključujući i podatke o vodenim tokovima i površinama. Treći je dokument Opis beljskoga vlastelistva Josipa Payra, visokog službenika vlastelinstva Belje, koji je nastao 1824. godine. U njemu se, među ostalim, nalaze podaci o klimi, položaju, površini i tlu, rijekama, potocima, vrelima, umjetnim kanalima, navodnjavanju, ribnjacima, riječnim otocima i poluotocima, ribarstvu i drugome.
U radu se na temelju podataka iz matičnih knjiga umrlih deset južnobaranjskih reformiranih crkvenih općina (Bilje, Karanac, Kamenac, Kotlina, Kneževi Vinogradi, Kopačevo, Lug, Vardarac, Suza, ...Zmajevac) analiziraju nesretni smrtni slučajevi i nasilna smrt između 1750. i 1850. godine. Primjenom kvantitativne, kvalitativne i statističke metode u obradi podataka utvrdit će se vrste i učestalost nesretnih smrtnih slučajeva, njihov sezonski karakter te dobna i spolna struktura preminulih. Na temelju upisa o nasilnoj smrti u matičnim knjigama umrlih prikazat će se zastupljenost ubojstava u spomenutim reformiranim zajednicama, kao i načini na koji su počinjena.
Based on data from the registers of the deceased in the Reformed parishes of Southern Baranya (Bilje, Karanac, Kamenac, Kotlina, Kneževi Vinogradi, Kopačevo, Lug, Vardarac, Suza, and Zmajevac), this paper analyses cases of deaths by accident and violence between 1750 and 1850. By applying quantitative and qualitative statistical methods to process the acquired data, the authors determine the causes and frequency of accidental deaths, their seasonal patterns, and the age and sex of the deceased. Based on the entries of violent deaths in these registers, conclusions are drawn on the frequency of murder cases in the Reformed communities and the methods by which these murders were committed.
This paper, using historical demography methods, as well as quantitative, analytical and descriptive methods, determines, analyses and interprets the demographic indicators contained in the registers ...of marriages of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac. In addition to identifying the corpus of the data contained in the registers of marriages, to be potentially used as indicators of certain demographic facts relating to the past of the population of the 18th century Donji Miholjac and its immediate surroundings, the paper also determines the annual, seasonal, monthly and daily distribution of marriages and examines the level of the impact which social, religious, cultural, and economic factors had on entering into marriage. The assumption that the population of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac did not enter the demographic transition phase, in other words that it exhibits characteristics specific to pre-transitional societies, is verified by determining the age of newlyweds when entering marriage and by analysing remarriages.
This paper, using historical demography methods, as well as quantitative, analytical and descriptive methods, determines, analyses and interprets the demographic indicators contained in the registers ...of marriages of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac. In addition to identifying the corpus of the data contained in the registers of marriages, to be potentially used as indicators of certain demographic facts relating to the past of the population of the 18th century Donji Miholjac and its immediate surroundings, the paper also determines the annual, seasonal, monthly and daily distribution of marriages and examines the level of the impact which social, religious, cultural, and economic factors had on entering into marriage. The assumption that the population of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac did not enter the demographic transition phase, in other words that it exhibits characteristics specific to pre-transitional societies, is verified by determining the age of newlyweds when entering marriage and by analysing remarriages.
U radu se na osnovi podataka iz kanonskih vizitacija biskupija na području Srijema u 18. i prvoj polovici 19. stoljeća analiziraju odrednice vjerskog života katolika kako bi se opisala osnovna ...obilježja vjerske svakodnevice. Analiza i interpretacija usmjerene su na utvrđivanje stupnja prihvaćanja crkvenih odredbi u pitanjima kulta i bogoslužja, na vjersku praksu, oblike narodne pobožnosti, moral i ponašanje vjernika te vjersko discipliniranje i konformizam. Utvrđuje se odnos između katoličke i drugih vjerskih zajednica, posebno u kontekstu izgradnje vjerskog identiteta. Procjenjuje se vrijednost kanonskih vizitacija kao izvora za povijest vjerske svakodnevice.
This paper uses quantitative, analytical, and descriptive methods in order to extract data from the registers of the baptized, married, and deceased in the Roman-Catholic parishes of southern Baranja ...during the 18th century, identifying some specific elements of social history. The analysis includes those demographic indicators that depended on social structures and customs, such as seasonal and daily arrangements of weddings, the age structure, the marital status of the bridal couple, and their illegal children.The analysis of data from the registers of the Roman-Catholic parishes in southern Baranja during the 18th century has shown that, despite the fact that these documents are standardized and limited in content, they do help us understand certain social elements and aspects of social history and history of everyday life. Since the intention was to gain some fresh insights into the society of southern Baranja, the author has included those demographic data that are under an obvious influence of social and cultural factors, primarily those related to the contraction of marriages and foundations of families, as well as those linked to the origin of residents and certain aspects of public morality and religious life, particularly when referring to specific social groups. In order to establish whether ethnical identity influenced the analysed phenomena, the author has analysed data for the German and Croatian populations alike, separately yet compared whenever possible.In the 18th century, the society of southern Baranja showed some typical pre-transitional traits, among others an early age of marriage contraction, which has been established for both populations alike. Another feature has been the prevalence of conservative marriage policies, which implied going beyond marriages that were the first or second for both parties, as well as a relatively small age difference and a somewhat higher age in men than in women, including the fact that bridegrooms were older than brides as a rule. Nevertheless, these norms could be ignored when required in order to secure sustenance for children or the family in general. The position of women in the society of southern Baranja followed the general pattern of the patriarchal societies, meaning that their role was reduced to reproduction, household care, and family life. As for the social structure, it corresponded to those of late feudalism, where the social elite consisted of a thin layer of noble and district officials, while the society was predominantly agricultural, with a small number of artisans and an even smaller number of merchants. No significant differences could be established between the German and Croatian populations. Nevertheless, there were some, and it can be presumed that they resulted from a difference in family structures and status, since the Germans were generally free colons, while the Croats were tied to the noble estates. Generally speaking, the society in 18th-century Baranja was rural, traditional, and relatively closed, which is confirmed by the negligent number of illegal children and the fact that marriages were contracted primarily within one’s community and ethnical group. Nevertheless, many of these features are also typical of most Croatian or European communities in the 18th century, which means that Baranja generally followed the mainstream Croatian and European demographic trends.
Based on the data from canonical visitations to the dioceses in the territory of Syrmia in the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, this paper analyses the determinants of the ...religious life of Catholics with a view to describing the basic characteristics of everyday religious life. The analysis and interpretation focus on determining the degree of acceptance of church regulations concerning cult and service issues, on religious practice, forms of popular piety, believers’ morality and behaviour, as well as religious disciplining and conformism. It determines the relation between the Catholic and other religious communities, particularly in the context of religious identity building. The paper also estimates the value of canonical visitations as a source for the history of everyday religious life.
Draž and Popovac, settlements in the northern part of southern Baranja, belonged
to the manor of Belje. In 1789, both of these settlements were elevated to the status
of parish centres. While the ...number of residents in each of these towns was similar,
their ethnic composition differed. Namely, in both towns Catholic communities were
ethnically homogenous, but in Draž in this period the Catholic population was exclusively
Croatian, and in Popovac German.
An analysis of records in parish baptismal registers of the parishes of Draž and Popovac
for the period from the beginning of 1790 until the end of 1799 has shown that
there were no significant differences among male and female names, except for somewhat
stronger nominal entropy among female names, slightly more pronounced in
Popovac. In this period, the parish baptismal register of the town of Draž recorded 39
different male and 27 different female names, while in Popovac there were 33 different
male and 28 different female names. Ten most popular personal names in both towns
included Ivan, Josip, Jakov and Nikola, while the only female name that appeared in
both of the ‘top-ten’ lists was Katarina. All the names in parish baptismal registers
were recorded in the contemporary official language, Latin; all of them were Christian
names; and for the most part they were more or less common, widely used names
from the New or Old Testament, of Latin, Greek or Hebrew origin. More importantly,
in Popovac names of German origin prevailed, while German names are almost completely
absent in Draž. In Popovac the second most popular male name was Josip, as
a sign of respect for the saint to whom the local parish church was dedicated. In both
Draž and Popovac in this period boys and girls were rarely named after saints who
were celebrated on or near the day of their birth. Furthermore, few children in either
of the villages were named after their parents. There was significant difference in traditions
regarding naming children after their godparents. Namely, this tradition was not
widespread in Draž, but in Popovac most children were named after their godparents.
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