In this work we report an investigation about the influence of the salt concentration on the electrolyte 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (Pyr14BF4) in propylene carbonate (PC) on the ...electrochemical behaviour of composite electrodes containing poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxymethacrylate) (PTMA) as the active material. The results of this study show that the salt concentration within the electrolyte has a strong influence on the behaviour of PTMA-based electrodes. The use of concentrated electrolytes displaying a good compromise between conductivities and viscosities appears very favourable for the optimization of the capacity and the reduction of the self-discharge of PTMA electrodes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxymethacrylate) (PTMA) is presently considered as one of the most promising cathodic materials for the realization of advanced organic radical batteries (ORBs). ...In this work we report an investigation about the influence of three electrolytes, namely 1 M tetraethylammoniumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Et4NTFSI) in propylene carbonate (PC); 1 M 1-butyl-1-methylpyrro-lidiuniumbis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (Pyr14TFSI) in PC and neat Pyr14TFSI, on the electrochemical performance of PTMA-based cathodes. The results of this study showed that the electrolyte composition has a significant effect on the performance of PTMA-based electrodes. The use of Pyr14TFSI appears particularly promising as it allows the realization of electrodes with very good cycling stability (almost 90% of capacity retention after 10.000 cycles carried out at 10C) and very low self-discharge.
•The electrolyte composition affects strongly the behaviour of PTMA electrodes.•Neat ionic liquids are promising electrolytes for ORBs.•PTMA electrodes retain almost 90% of their capacity after 10.000 cycles in Pyr14TFSI.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this study we systematically investigated the impact of aprotic and protic ionic liquids on the electrochemical behavior of poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate) (PTMA) based ...electrodes. We showed that the use of aprotic ILs based on the FSI− anion enables the realization of electrodes able to display high capacity, good capacity retention at high current density (42% at 50 C), low self-discharge and high stability during float tests. We also reported, for the first time, that it is possible to successfully use PTMA-based electrodes in combination with PILs. We showed that the PTMA electrodes display good capacity but a limited cycling stability in these ionic liquids. This investigation confirms that ionic liquids are very interesting candidates for the realization of high performance PTMA-based electrodes. A deeper understanding of the interactions taking place between ionic liquids and organic active materials will be required to finely tune the properties of these promising electrolytes for an application in organic radical polymer-based energy storage systems.
UK-68,798 increased the duration and effective refractory period of cardiac action potentials recorded in vitro from canine ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers in a concentration dependent manner ...from 5 nM to 1 microM. The resting membrane potential, amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity of action potentials were unaffected by UK-68,798, indicating the selective class III antiarrhythmic properties of this agent. UK-68,798 (5 nM-1 microM) increased the effective refractory period of isolated guinea pig papillary muscles at stimulation frequencies of 1 Hz and 5 Hz without influencing the conduction velocity, further confirming that UK-68,798 is devoid of class I antiarrhythmic activity including block of the sodium channel. Studies using single voltage clamped guinea pig ventricular myocytes indicated that UK-68,798 at concentrations of 50 nM and 2 microM blocks a time-dependent K+ current, with no appreciable effects on the time-independent K+ current or the inward calcium current. UK-68,798 is therefore a highly selective K+ channel blocking agent with class III antiarrhythmic properties, a profile that holds considerable promise for the therapy of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Despite widespread use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue in clinical and research settings, potential effects of variable tissue processing remain largely unknown.
To elucidate ...molecular effects associated with clinically relevant preanalytical variability, the National Cancer Institute initiated the Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables (BPV) program.
The BPV program, a well-controlled series of systematic, blind and randomized studies, investigated whether a delay to fixation (DTF) or time in fixative (TIF) affects the quantity and quality of DNA and RNA isolated from FFPE colon, kidney, and ovarian tumors in comparison to case-matched snap-frozen controls.
DNA and RNA yields were comparable among FFPE biospecimens subjected to different DTF and TIF time points. DNA and RNA quality metrics revealed assay- and time point-specific effects of DTF and TIF. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was superior when assessing RNA quality, consistently detecting differences between FFPE and snap-frozen biospecimens and among DTF and TIF time points. RNA Integrity Number and DV
(representing the percentage of RNA fragments longer than 200 nucleotides) displayed more limited sensitivity. Differences in DNA quality (Q-ratio) between FFPE and snap-frozen biospecimens and among DTF and TIF time points were detected with a qPCR-based assay.
DNA and RNA quality may be adversely affected in some tumor types by a 12-hour DTF or a TIF of 72 hours. Results presented here as well as those of additional BPV molecular analyses underway will aid in the identification of acceptable delays and optimal fixation times, and quality assays that are suitable predictors of an FFPE biospecimen's fit-for-purpose.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Dealing with the dead and injured, coupled with negative self perceptions about personal responses and capabilities, to some extent explains the greatly increased incidence of clinical depression ...among staff, and probably all cases of post-trauma mental health syndromes. 2 I wish that the editor had chosen to highlight Dornan's last sentence-"My family, friends, and boyfriend have let me talk or not, as I wish"-rather than the one used.
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