In the recent times, pseudocapacitive electrode materials have received great attention due to their considerable capability in storing ions at relatively fast charging rates. Among various ...candidates, niobium (V) pentoxide (Nb2O5) has gained much attraction for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its insertion/extraction reaction with Li, safe redox potential, and considerably good capacity (about 200 mAhg−1). Nevertheless, low conductivity of Nb2O5 has so far prevented its use as a viable electrode material for LIBs. In this study, we have successfully coated silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of one-dimensional orthorhombic Nb2O5 fiber (1D T-Nb2O5) using simple electrospinning processing. Ag NPs coated Nb2O5 fibers (Ag-1D T-Nb2O5) provided faster electron pathways, resulting in much improved capacity at a given current density with superior rate capabilities compared with pristine 1D T-Nb2O5. In addition, 1D T-Nb2O5 was more suitable for coating Ag NPs compared with T-Nb2O5 NPs, where its structural integrity was maintained even after cycling. As a result, effective coating of conductive Ag NPs on the 1D T-Nb2O5 resulted in excellent cycle retention characteristics (179.7 mAhg−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1) as well as superior rate capabilities (103.6 mAhg−1 at a current density of 5000 mA g−1).
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•Ag NPs were decorated on 1D T-Nb2O5.•Decoration of Ag NPs resulted in enhanced reversible capacity.•Ag-1D T-Nb2O5 exhibited excellent rate capabilities.•1D T-Nb2O5 served as effective platforms for decoration of Ag NPs.•The structural integrity of Ag-1D T-Nb2O5 was maintained after cycles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Flexible and stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor systems are widely considered as promising multifunctional energy storage devices that eliminate the need for an external power source. ...Nevertheless, the performance of conventional designs deteriorates significantly as a result of electrode/electrolyte exposure to atmosphere as well as mechanical deformations for the case of flexible systems. In this study, we suggest an all-transparent stretchable electrochromic supercapacitor device with ultrastable performance, which consists of Au/Ag core–shell nanowire-embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), bistacked WO3 nanotube/PEDOT:PSS, and polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based hydrogel electrolyte. Au/Ag core–shell nanowire-embedded PDMS integrated with PAAm-based hydrogel electrolyte prevents Ag oxidation and dehydration while maintaining ionic and electrical conductivity at high voltage even after 16 days of exposure to ambient conditions and under application of mechanical strains in both tensile and bending conditions. WO3 nanotube/PEDOT:PSS bistacked active materials maintain high electrochemical–electrochromic performance even under mechanical deformations. Maximum specific capacitance of 471.0 F g–1 was obtained with a 92.9% capacity retention even after 50 000 charge–discharge cycles. In addition, high coloration efficiency of 83.9 cm2 C–1 was shown to be due to the dual coloration and pseudocapacitor characteristics of the WO3 nanotube and PEDOT:PSS thin layer.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A “Polyol” method has granted low‐cost and facile process‐controllability for silver‐nanowire (Ag‐NW) synthesis. Although homogenous and heterogeneous nucleation and growth during Ag‐NW synthesis are ...possible using polyol methods, heterogeneous nucleation and growth of Ag NW guarantees highly selective growth of nanostructures using silver chloride (AgCl) seeds, which provides a stable source of chloride ions (Cl−) and thermodynamic reversibility. In this paper, a microdroplet has been adopted to synthesize uniform AgCl seeds with different diameter that are used for seed‐mediated Ag‐NW synthesis. The concentration of two precursors (AgNO3 and NaCl) in the droplets is modulated to produce different sizes of AgCl seeds, which determines the diameter and length of Ag NWs. The process of the seed‐mediated growth of Ag NWs has been monitored by observing the peak shift in the time‐resolved UV–vis extinction spectrum. Furthermore, the distinct plasmonic property of Ag NWs for transverse and longitudinal localized‐surface‐plasmon‐resonance (LSPR)‐mediated fluorescence enhancement is utilized. The high aspect ratio and sharp tips work as simple antennas that induce the enhanced fluorescence emission intensity of a fluorophore, which can be applied in the fields of biological tissue imaging and therapy.
Tens of nanometer scale AgCl seeds are uniformly synthesized in a microdroplet by controlling the reagent concentration, which are used for seed‐mediated growth of Ag nanowires (NWs). The transversely‐ and longitudinally‐tuned Ag‐NWs are spectroscopically monitored, and their localized surface plasmon resonance properties are utilized for fluorescence enhancement, where the enhancement factor and fluorescence lifetime are measured.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki ‘Fuyu’) trees were sprayed with 10 mg∙L-1 of CPPU N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea or 1% urea at blooming to determine whether application of thesesubstances would ...reduce the incidence of calyx-end cracking. Calyx-end cracking decreasedwith the application of both CPPU and urea. Changes in physiological parameters (length,weight, and height of calyxes, number of seeds, fruit firmness, and soluble solids content) wereinvestigated in response to CPPU and urea. The length and width of the calyx were greatestin CPPU-treated fruits, and the width of the long or short side of the fruit was greatest inurea-treated fruits. Additionally, phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; gibberellic acid,GA3; zeatin; 2-cis -trans-abscisic acid, ABA; jasmonic acid, JA; and salicylic acid, SA) wereanalyzed to elucidate the relationship between fruit enlargement and calyx development. CPPUsignificantly increased levels of GA3 and IAA, while ABA levels decreased in the calyx in alltreatments. No significant changes were seen in JA or SA levels. Finally, analysis of anatomicalstructure showed that CPPU and urea are important in maintaining fruit firmness. Our combinedphysiological, phytohormonal, and anatomical analysis revealed that CPPU and urea bothameliorate calyx-end cracking in persimmons, and suggests that CPPU and urea may be used toreduce physiological injury in persimmon fruits. KCI Citation Count: 0
In the recent times, pseudocapacitive electrode materials have received great attention due to their considerable capability in storing ions at relatively fast charging rates. Among various ...candidates, niobium (V) pentoxide (Nb2O5) has gained much attraction for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its insertion/extraction reaction with Li, safe redox potential, and considerably good capacity (about 200 mAhg−1). Nevertheless, low conductivity of Nb2O5 has so far prevented its use as a viable electrode material for LIBs. In this study, we have successfully coated silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of one-dimensional orthorhombic Nb2O5 fiber (1D T-Nb2O5) using simple electrospinning processing. Ag NPs coated Nb2O5 fibers (Ag-1D T-Nb2O5) provided faster electron pathways, resulting in much improved capacity at a given current density with superior rate capabilities compared with pristine 1D T-Nb2O5. In addition, 1D T-Nb2O5 was more suitable for coating Ag NPs compared with T-Nb2O5 NPs, where its structural integrity was maintained even after cycling. As a result, effective coating of conductive Ag NPs on the 1D T-Nb2O5 resulted in excellent cycle retention characteristics (179.7 mAhg−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1) as well as superior rate capabilities (103.6 mAhg−1 at a current density of 5000 mA g−1).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Demand for high-speed DRAM in graphics application pushes a single-ended I/O signaling to operate up to 6Gb/s. To maintain the speed increase, the GDDR5 specification shifts from GDDR3/4 with respect ...to forwarded clocking, data training for write and read de-skewing, clock training, channel-error detection, bank group and data coding. This work tackles challenges in GDDR5 such as clock jitter and signal integrity.
Postharvest treatment with high-pressure CO2 helps to control decay and increase firmness in strawberries. Increases in firmness occurred through modification of calcium binding to cell wall. ...However, the mechanism(s) involved in Ca(2+) migration to pectic polymers and other physiological events associated with the maintenance of increased firmness are not clearly understood. The focus of this study was to find potential mechanism(s) that are associated with calcium movement, increases in firmness, or maintenance of firmness in strawberry fruit after high-pressure CO2 treatment. An increase in firmness was induced by high-pressure CO2 treatment, but not by high-pressure N2 treatment. This indicates that CO2 stimulates a change in firmness. The increase in firmness induced by high-pressure CO2 seems to involve calcium efflux. Using membrane Ca(2+) -dependent ATPase inhibitors sodium vanadate (250 μM) and erythrosin B (100 μM) delayed both the increase in firmness and calcium binding to wall polymers. Exogenous application of CaCl2 (10 mM) enhanced the firmness increase of fruit slices only when they were exposed to high-pressure CO2 . The activity of pectate lyase was downregulated by CO2 treatment, but β-galactosidase activity was not affected. The increase in strawberry firmness induced by high-pressure CO2 treatment primarily involves the efflux of calcium ions and their binding to wall polymers. These physiological changes are not induced by an anaerobic environment. The downregulation of wall-modifying enzymes, such as pectate lyase, appeared to contribute to the maintenance of firmness that was induced by high-pressure CO2 treatment.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheets show superior electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. The three-dimensional (3D) graphene assemblies have also recently garnered great attention ...because of their high surface area, free-standing configuration and facile fabrication of graphene composites with nanomaterials in practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of a variety of 3D graphene assemblies including spheres, twiddles and hemispheres using micro-droplet reactors. Such 3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) structures can be manipulated by controlling the aggregation pattern of the GO sheet inside the micro-droplets. The aggregation pattern depends on the diffusion rate of the aqueous solution in the droplet. The pattern was simply tuned by the amount of oil phase in the droplet during evaporation. In addition, micro-porous structures were manufactured by incorporating silica beads in the rGO microparticles, followed by a wet etching process. The local plasmonic properties of the 3D porous hemispherical rGO were investigated by electron energy-loss spectroscopy mapping.
Postharvest treatment with high‐pressure CO2 helps to control decay and increase firmness in strawberries. Increases in firmness occurred through modification of calcium binding to cell wall. ...However, the mechanism(s) involved in Ca2+ migration to pectic polymers and other physiological events associated with the maintenance of increased firmness are not clearly understood. The focus of this study was to find potential mechanism(s) that are associated with calcium movement, increases in firmness, or maintenance of firmness in strawberry fruit after high‐pressure CO2 treatment. An increase in firmness was induced by high‐pressure CO2 treatment, but not by high‐pressure N2 treatment. This indicates that CO2 stimulates a change in firmness. The increase in firmness induced by high‐pressure CO2 seems to involve calcium efflux. Using membrane Ca2+‐dependent ATPase inhibitors sodium vanadate (250 μM) and erythrosin B (100 μM) delayed both the increase in firmness and calcium binding to wall polymers. Exogenous application of CaCl2 (10 mM) enhanced the firmness increase of fruit slices only when they were exposed to high‐pressure CO2. The activity of pectate lyase was downregulated by CO2 treatment, but β‐galactosidase activity was not affected. The increase in strawberry firmness induced by high‐pressure CO2 treatment primarily involves the efflux of calcium ions and their binding to wall polymers. These physiological changes are not induced by an anaerobic environment. The downregulation of wall‐modifying enzymes, such as pectate lyase, appeared to contribute to the maintenance of firmness that was induced by high‐pressure CO2 treatment.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Understanding the fruit ripening mechanism is critical for fruit quality improvement. Although postharvest ethylene application is known to enhance the onset of fruit ripening, the exact mechanisms ...remain unclear. In this study, a gel-based proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the changes in protein profiles during the ripening of exogenous-ethylene-treated kiwifruit (
Actinidia deliciosa
) cultivars ‘Hayward’ and ‘Garmrok’. Based on comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, most of the proteins were aggregated in exogenous-ethylene-treated kiwifruit compared to the untreated kiwifruit. Consequently, 90 and 106 proteins were differentially expressed in ‘Hayward’ and ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit, respectively. Among the successfully identified proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the 50% in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit and 60% in ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit were associated with ripening. Also, 18% and 10% of proteins were associated with defense response in ‘Hayward’ and ‘Garmrok’ kiwifruit, respectively. The other major proteins were related to protein biosynthesis and photosynthesis/Calvin cycle during kiwifruit ripening. We used bioinformatics analysis to determine the interactions between identified proteins, and this proteomic approach provided insights into biological pathways and molecular functions in postharvest ripening of exogenous-ethylene-treated kiwifruit.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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