Renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) have been introduced as efficient technologies to address environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources. However, the widespread ...integration of distributed renewable sources into the power grid and the growing adoption of EVs pose new challenges for distribution network operators. These challenges necessitate careful management to mitigate their impacts, particularly in meeting the additional demand arising from EV charging. To achieve these targets, it is necessary to strategically integrate RESs and EVs. This study focuses on the optimal allocation and energy management of distributed energy resources (DERs) and electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs), taking into account the inherent uncertainty in the output power of these resources. Notably, parking lots (PLs) utilize vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology of EVs and aggregate and inject their power into the distribution system. Therefore, EVs as a motion type of energy storage system play a significant role, especially in the on-peak hours. The optimization problem is addressed using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) while adhering to operational constraints related to the power system, as well as both DERs and EVPLs. The main goal is to simultaneously enhance the technical, economic, and environmental performance of the system, by solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated using the IEEE 33-bus distribution system, with the study considering five different scenarios. The simulation results reveal that the planned deployment of DERs, given their proximity to the load centers, has effectively mitigated the overload impacts resulting from EVs’ charging. Furthermore, the implementation of a demand response program (DRP), cooperatively with the aforementioned resources, has significantly improved all key operating indicators of the system.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the traditional power system, customers respond to their primary electricity consumption pattern based on price or incentive to take additional advantages. By developing energy hubs (EHs) where ...electricity, heat, natural gas and other forms of energy are coupled together, all types of energy customers, even the inelastic loads, can participate in the demand response (DR) program. This novel vision has led to the concept of “integrated demand response (IDR)”. IDR programs (IDRPs) in EHs involve coordinating multiple DR activities across different energy systems, such as buildings, industrial complexes and transportation networks. The main purpose of IDR is so that multi-energy users can respond not only by shifting or reducing their energy consumption from the demand side, but also by changing the type of energy consumed in response to the dispatching center. The integration of IDRPs in EHs can help to reduce energy costs, improve grid stability and increase the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system. Moreover, by synchronizing DR activities across different energy systems, IDRPs can provide additional benefits, such as improved energy efficiency, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased resilience to power outages and other disruptions. In this paper, we provide an overview of the IDRP across EH areas, encompassing different aspects of it. First, the nature behind IDRP and its basic concept is introduced. Then, a categorization of fundamental principles within the IDRP is undertaken. Furthermore, modelling formulation and optimization techniques of IDRP in EHs are conducted. In addition to the IDRP content and model, this article deals with the research performed in this field from different perspectives. Finally, the advantages and prospect challenges of IDRPs are discussed.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy, for which conservative treatments are the first measures taken. However, these measures are not usually sufficient. ...Recently major attention has been drawn to platelet-rich plasma for its possible effects on axon regeneration and neurological recovery. Although few studies have evaluated the effects of this treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome, further investigation is required to reach concrete conclusion.
In this randomized controlled trial, women referring to the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic at Shahid Modarres Hospital during 2016 with a diagnosis of mild and moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were chosen. They were randomly assigned to two groups: (i) a control group using only a wrist splint, and (ii) a platelet-rich plasma group that received wrist splints along with a single local injection of platelet-rich plasma. The outcome measures were assessed via Visual Analogue Scale, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire and electrophysiological findings including the peak latency of sensory nerve action potential and the onset latency of the compound muscle action potential.
A total of 41 women were included (20 wrists as control group) and (21 wrists as platelet-rich plasma group). Before treatment there were no significant differences between the two groups except for the median peak latency of sensory nerve action potential which was significantly higher among the patients in the platelet-rich plasma group (p = 0.03). All the measured variables significantly decreased in both groups after 10 weeks of treatment except for the median onset latency of the compound muscle action potential (p = 0.472). Finally, the changes in neither of the evaluated outcome measures were found to significantly differ between the two groups, even when the analyses were adjusted for age of the patients.
The findings of this study showed that in a relatively short period of time after treatment, a single injection of platelet-rich plasma in the wrist does not significantly add to the effects of conservative treatment with wrist splints, in regards to the women pain and symptom severity, functional status and electrophysiological parameters.
The trial has been retrospectively registered with an ID: IRCT2017041513442N13 (Date of registration: 2017-06-19).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study presents the optimal model of the coordinated flexible energy and self‐healing management (C‐FE&SH‐M) in the active distribution network (ADN) including renewable energy sources (RESs), ...electric vehicles (EVs) and demand response program (DRP).The flexible energy management (FEM) is extracted using coordination between the RESs, EVs and DRP. The self‐healing method (SHM) is related to multi‐agent system‐based restoration process (MAS‐based RP) that finds the optimal restoration pattern at the fault condition according to the different zone agents (ZAs) distributing along with the network. This method minimizes the difference between energy cost and flexibility benefit related to the FEM part and difference between the number of switching operation and priority loads restored based on the SHM part. Also, this problem subjects to power flow equations, RESs and active loads constraints, restoration process formulation and system operation limits. Stochastic programming is used to model the uncertainty of loads, energy prices, RESs and EVs. Hereupon, the suggested strategy is implemented on the 33‐bus radial distribution network and it is solved by the crow search algorithm (CSA). Ultimately, the obtained results imply the high flexibility and security of the operation, incorporating the proposed strategy, and delineate the optimal restoration scheme for the ADN.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To determine whether sex influences the analgesic efficacy of systemic pharmacological treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
A systematic review, guided by Cochrane methods, sourced studies ...from Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text as of October 10, 2022. Eligible studies were double-blind RCTs evaluating systemic pharmacological treatments for knee osteoarthritis in adults, with minimum 30-day treatment duration, reporting sex-specific results or mentioning sex subgroup analysis for analgesic efficacy. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 (RoB 2).
9 studies (5201 participants) met inclusion criteria, analyzing drugs including duloxetine, etoricoxib, tapentadol, naproxcinod, lutikizumab, and rofecoxib. Only one study reported sex-specific results. Review findings suggested no significant sex-based differences in treatment efficacy, however, data were limited due to a lack of sex-specific reporting or inclusion of sex in subgroup analyses.
Current evidence does not support the existence of sex differences in the analgesic efficacy of systemic knee osteoarthritis treatments. However, this conclusion is substantially limited by the paucity of sex-specific reporting of results or subgroup analyses in most primary studies, emphasizing the need for future research to report on sex-stratified data to allow for comprehensive, personalized treatment strategies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper presents a two-layer energy management model (EMM) in the smart distribution network (SDN) considering flexi-renewable virtual power plants (FRVPPs) that participate in the day-ahead ...energy and reserve markets. The first layer of EMM is applied to the FRVPPs to maximize their profit in the proposed markets subjected to the constraints of renewable and flexible sources with considering coordination between these sources and VPP operator (VPPO). Also, the second layer of EMM creates coordination between VPPOs and the distribution system operator to manage the SDN based on minimizing the summation of network energy loss and voltage deviation function as a linear normalized objective function while it subjects to the linear format of AC optimal power flow equations. This model contains uncertainties of load, market price, maximum power of renewable energy sources and demand of flexible sources, where stochastic programming is used to model these uncertain parameters. The proposed model includes bi-level optimization model that is solved by the Benders decomposition approach to achieve an optimal solution at low calculation time. Finally, the capabilities of the proposed model have been investigated by implementing on the IEEE 69-bus distribution network.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract The transition towards a sustainable energy system requires the integration of high-penetration renewable energy sources (RESs) and the use of new energy management frameworks to handle RES ...variability and uncertainty. The evolution of novel energy management technologies has made it possible to design and operate integrated energy systems (IESs) that couple various energy carriers such as electricity, heat, and gas. The emergence of energy hubs (EHs) offers the potential for greater efficiency, reliability, and flexibility in energy supply and demand. However, integrating EHs into the power system operation remains a significant challenge due to the complex interaction between the transmission system operator (TSO), distribution system operator (DSO), and EHs. Enhanced coordination between TSOs and DSOs is of the utmost importance within this context. This paper first aims to review and highlight the most practical features of EHs including the EH concept, topology, elements, classifications, flexibility resources, and optimization approaches. Subsequently, it describes TSO-DSO roles and all concepts that are in line with the aims of this subject, such as conceptual framework, TSO-DSO coordination schemes, formulation, and solution techniques. Meanwhile, it will identify any remaining research gaps and prospective trends in this respect.
The use of the potential capacity of Electric Vehicles' (EVs) is regarded as one of the feasible solutions to boost the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into power systems. The ...incorporation of EVs' potential in smart distribution systems entails effective management of their power exchange with the grid in charging/discharging modes. The present study delves into a multi-objective optimization problem seeking for an optimum operation schedule of the grid, including EVs and Distributed Generation (DG) in the smart grid. The objective function is comprised of minimization of operation cost along with the reduction of emission. The Beta distribution and Weibull distribution approaches are employed to deal with the uncertainties of renewable resources in the model. The Cuckoo bird Optimization Algorithm (COA) is also employed to solve the problem. In addition, the fuzzy method is applied to the model to find the best solution to the multi-objective optimization problem. In order to evaluate and assess the performance of the proposed method, it is tested on a 33-bus distribution system for a 24-hour interval subject to satisfy the operational constraints of the power system, DG, and EVs. The obtained results convey the high performance of the proposed method in resource planning and improvement of distribution system efficiency through the optimal operation of EVs and DGs.
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