2D perovskites have been considered as promising candidates for optoelectronic devices due to their good optical and electronic properties compared to 3D perovskites with significantly higher ...stability. Considering the commercial applications involving displays, image sensors, and fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting labels, the patterning technique of 2D perovskites is urgently required. However, existing patterning approaches still have challenges in high‐resolution fabrication. Here, a facile femtosecond laser direct writing method to fabricate arbitrarily patterned 2D perovskite films with well‐defined profiles and uniform fluorescence properties is developed. The flexible, fine, and non‐thermal diffused patterning abilities of femtosecond laser facilitate diverse 2D perovskite patterns exhibiting bright emission without any pinholes and cracks, as well as high resolution of approximate 2 µm line width. Based on this efficient patterning technique, this study demonstrates fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting labels (quick response code embedded with microlines) based on 2D perovskite films with high humidity stability, which can be identified from 43% to 96% relative humidity. This high‐resolution, reliable, efficient, and facile patterning technique for 2D perovskites with high humidity stability provides a promising technical route for 2D perovskite‐based optoelectronic applications.
For practical applications of 2D perovskites, a femtosecond laser direct writing method for patterning of 2D perovskites is proposed. Benefiting from the flexible, fine, and non‐thermal diffused patterning capabilities of a femtosecond laser, diverse 2D perovskite patterns exhibit bright and uniform emission properties without any pinholes and cracks and a high resolution of approximate 2 µm line width.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The introduction of a periodic corrugation into TOLEDs is demonstrated to be effective in relieving the tradeoff between device stability and efficiency, through the cross coupling of the SPPs ...associated with the Ag cathode and the microcavity modes. The thickness of the Ag cathode for the corrugated TOLEDs was increased from 20 to 45 nm, and both the device lifetime and efficiency are significantly improved. The figure shows a schematic cross section of a red TOLED with periodic microstructure and an operating TOLED with both corrugated and planar area.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydrogels as flexible sensor have attracted significant attention due to its conductivity, stretchability and flexibility. However, it is still a great challenge to prepare hydrogels that ...simultaneously possess high strength, anti-fatigue, self-adhesion, and anti-freezing. Herein, a multifunctional dual-network hydrogel was prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylic monomer in chitosan chains, and coordinated with aluminum chloride and glycerol. Based on chain entanglement, hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions, this dual-network hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties, good fatigue resistance, and excellent adhesion performance. It can be used as a strain sensor for its stable conductivity and high sensitivity, which could monitor both large human motions and subtle motions. Due to the presence of glycerol, the hydrogel showed outstanding freezing resistance and still kept flexible and conductive even at low temperatures (−20 °C). This hydrogel can be applied as a flexible wearable sensor for monitoring human motion in extreme low-temperature condition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective
To explore the effect of a single preoperative ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for perioperative analgesia in thoracoscopic ...pulmonary lobectomy.
Methods
Seventy-two patients aged 40–70 years who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly divided into the control group (Group C), the TPVB group (Group T) and the ESPB group (Group E). The primary observation indicators included the visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively at rest and with a cough. The secondary observation indicators included the intraoperative sufentanil consumption, anesthesia awakening time and extubation time, the sufentanil consumption in the analgesic pump, and flurbiprofen ester consumption for remedial analgesia within 48 h after surgery and the incidence of postoperative adverse events.
Results
The intraoperative sufentanil consumption, anesthesia awakening time, and extubation time were lower in groups T and E than those in group C (
p
< 0.05). Patients in group T had lower VAS scores at rest and with a cough at 1, 6, and 12 h postoperatively than in group C at the same time points (
p
< 0.05). The VAS scores at rest at 1 and 6 h postoperatively and coughing status at 1, 6, and 12 h postoperatively were lower in group E than in group C at the same time points (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The ultrasound-guided preoperative single TPVB and ESPB for thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy could both reduce the postoperative pain VAS score and reduce the dose of perioperative sufentanil and postoperative remedial analgesics.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
Nitrifiers and denitrifiers are the key drivers of N cycling in paddy soil. Little is known about the effects of different fertilization methods, especially side bar fertilization, on the ...community of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in paddy soils. Here we assess the relationships between soil physicochemical properties, denitrification and nitrification activities, and the underlying microbial communities in a surface layer of paddy field soil treated with different fertilization methods.
Materials and methods
Soil was unfertilized (control), treated with conventional chemical fertilizer (CF), CF plus pig manure (MC), or slow-release fertilizer (SR), or by slow-release side bar fertilization (SB). Soil was sampled after one season of early and late rice growth. We determined soil physicochemical properties, potential nitrification rates (PNR), and denitrification enzyme activities (DEA). Ammonia-oxidizing archaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB) communities were assessed via their ammonia monooxygenase (
amoA
) genes, and denitrifiers via nitrite reductases (
nirK
and
nirS
) and nitrous oxide reductase (
nosZ
). Quantitative PCR was used to assess gene abundance, terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) to investigate fertilization effects on microbial communities, and clone library sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to explore the taxonomic diversity of the nitrifiers and denitrifiers.
Results
Fertilization significantly increased the amount of NH
4
+
-N in the soil of SB and MC treatments, whereas MC lowered the NO
3
−
-N level. DEA was higher for MC and CF than the other treatments. The PNR in MC-treated soil was significantly lower than that in CF-treated soil. There were no significant differences in AOA and
nirS
copy numbers; however,
nirK
and
nosZ
copy numbers were higher for MC compared with CF. The number of AOA terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) increased significantly with N addition and reached the highest level for SB, whereas the number of AOB TRFs did not change significantly between treatments. Similarly, the number of
nirK
TRFs increased under fertilization, with the highest number obtained for SR; however, no significant change was observed for
nirS
and
nosZ
TRFs across different treatments, except for their relative abundance. All AOA
amoA
genotypes were in archaeal group 1.1b, whereas 95% AOB were in
Nitrosospira
cluster 3a. More than 40% of
nirS
OTUs were affiliated with
Herbaspirillum
, a key N-cycle player in this paddy soil.
Conclusions
The SB and MC treatments had significant effects on soil N, DEA, and PNR levels, and affected the community of N-functional microbes. SB in combination with pig manure would contribute to the improvement of paddy soil fertility.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Using the achiral diazine ligands bearing two bidentate pyridylimino groups as sources of conformational chirality, five azido-bridged coordination polymers are prepared and characterized ...crystallographically and magnetically. The chirality of the molecular units is induced by the coordination of the diazine ligands in a twisted chiral conformation. The use of L1 (1,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-1-amino-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene) and L2 (1,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,4-diamino-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene) induces spontaneous resolution, yielding conglomerates of chiral compounds Mn3(L1)2(N3)6 n (1) and Mn2(L2)2(N3)3 n (ClO4) n ·nH2O (2), respectively, where triangular (1) or double helical (2) chiral units are connected into homochiral one-dimensional (1D) chains via single end-to-end (EE) azido bridges. The chains are stacked via hydrogen bonds in a homochiral fashion to yield chiral crystals. When L3 (2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene) is employed, a partial spontaneous resolution occurs, where binuclear chiral units are interlinked into fish-scale-like homochiral two-dimensional (2D) layers via single EE azido bridges. The layers are stacked in a heterochiral or homochiral fashion to yield simultaneously a racemic compound, Mn2(L3)(N3)4 n (3a), and a conglomerate, Mn2(L3)(N3)4 n ·nMeOH (3b). On the other hand, the ligand without amino and methyl substituents (L4, 1,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene) does not induce spontaneous resolution. The resulting compound, Mn2(L4)(N3)4 n (4), consists of centrosymmetric 2D layers with alternating single diazine, single EE azido, and double end-on (EO) azido bridges, where the chirality is destroyed by the centrosymmetric double EO bridges. These compounds exhibit very different magnetic behaviors. In particular, 1 behaves as a metamagnet built of homometallic ferrimagnetic chains with a unique “fused-triangles” topology, 2 behaves as a 1D antiferromagnet with alternating antiferromagnetic interactions, 3a and 3b behave as spin-canted weak ferromagnets with different critical temperatures, and 4 also behaves as a spin-canted weak ferromagnet but exhibits two-step magnetic transitions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Phrynocephalus erythrurus (Lacertilia: Agamidae) is considered to be the highest living reptile in the world (about 4500-5000 m above sea level), whereas Phrynocephalus przewalskii inhabits low ...altitudes (about 1000-1500 m above sea level). Here, we report the differences in hematological traits between these two different Phrynocephalus species. Compared with P. przewalskii, the results indicated that P. erythrurus own higher oxygen carrying capacity by increasing red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) and these elevations could promote oxygen carrying capacity without disadvantage of high viscosity. The lower partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) of P. erythrurus did not cause the secondary alkalosis, which may be attributed to an efficient pulmonary system for oxygen (O2) loading. The elevated blood-O2 affinity in P. erythrurus may be achieved by increasing intrinsic O2 affinity of isoHbs and balancing the independent effects of potential heterotropic ligands. We detected one α-globin gene and three β-globin genes with 1 and 33 amino acid substitutions between these two species, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that amino acids substitutions in β-globin chains could lead to the elimination of hydrogen bonds in T-state Hb models of P. erythrurus. Based on the present data, we suggest that P. erythrurus have evolved an efficient oxygen transport system under the unremitting hypobaric hypoxia.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The brain produces two brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcripts, with either short or long 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs). The physiological significance of the two forms of mRNAs ...encoding the same protein is unknown. Here, we show that the short and long 3′ UTR BDNF mRNAs are involved in different cellular functions. The short 3′ UTR mRNAs are restricted to somata, whereas the long 3′ UTR mRNAs are also localized in dendrites. In a mouse mutant where the long 3′ UTR is truncated, dendritic targeting of BDNF mRNAs is impaired. There is little BDNF in hippocampal dendrites despite normal levels of total BDNF protein. This mutant exhibits deficits in pruning and enlargement of dendritic spines, as well as selective impairment in long-term potentiation in dendrites, but not somata, of hippocampal neurons. These results provide insights into local and dendritic actions of BDNF and reveal a mechanism for differential regulation of subcellular functions of proteins.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) emerged as a biomarker of chronic inflammation and an independent prognostic factor for many cancers. We aimed to investigate the associations of SII ...level with total and cause-specific mortality risks in the general populations, and the potential modification effects of lifestyle-related factors on the above associations. In this study, we included 30,521 subjects from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort and 25,761 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations of SII with mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer and other causes. In the DFTJ cohort, compared to subjects in the low SII subgroup, those within the middle and high SII subgroups had increased risks of total mortality hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.12 (1.03–1.22) and 1.26 (1.16–1.36), respectively) and CVD mortality HR (95%CI) = 1.36 (1.19–1.55) and 1.50 (1.32–1.71), respectively; those within the high SII subgroup had a higher risk of other causes mortality HR (95%CI) = 1.28 (1.09–1.49). In the NHANES 1999–2014, subjects in the high SII subgroup had higher risks of total, CVD, cancer and other causes mortality HR (95%CI) = 1.38 (1.27–1.49), 1.33 (1.11–1.59), 1.22 (1.04–1.45) and 1.47 (1.32–1.63), respectively. For subjects with a high level of SII, physical activity could attenuate a separate 30% and 32% risk of total and CVD mortality in the DFTJ cohort, and a separate 41% and 59% risk of total and CVD mortality in the NHANES 1999–2014. Our study suggested high SII level may increase total and CVD mortality in the general populations and physical activity exerted a beneficial effect on the above associations.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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