To assess upper-to-lower body segment ratio and arm span to height difference in children.
The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in schools of the Raiwind area near Lahore, Pakistan, ...from November 2021 to May 2022, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The sample comprised children aged 3-14 years whose height fell between the 3rd and 97th centiles on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention height-for-age chart. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Of the 1,836 children, 906(49.3%) were boys with mean age 8.45±3.02 years, mean height 132.54±17.78cm and mean weight 32.0±13.72kg. Besides, there were 930(50.7%) girls with mean age 8.26±3.21 years, mean height 130.41±18.03cm and mean weight 31.09±13.88kg. The mean upper-to-lower body segment ratio in boys was 1.06±0.15 at age 3 years, 0.96±0.08 at age 7 and 0.94±0.08 at age 10. The mean upper-to-lower body segment ratio in girls was 1.08±0.08 at age 3 years, 0.98±0.07 at age 7, and 0.92±0.10 at age 10. The mean arm span to height difference in boys was -1.81±5.83 and in girls -4.09±5.77.
Upper-to-lower body segment ratio and arm span to height difference may help paediatricians in the evaluation of disproportionate short stature.
Background: Diabetes mellitus has been linked to various gastrointestinal motility disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).This study aimed to determine the proportion of GERD in ...patients with diabetes mellitus.Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the medical outpatient department of Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore, from October to December, 2020. Patients previously diagnosed with type II diabetes were included using non-probability consecutive sampling, and the GERDQ questionnaire was used to determine the frequency. IBM SPSS statistics version 23 was used for the analysis of data.Results: Of the 273 participants, 183 (67.0%) were male and the mean age was 51.13±12.8 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 6.97±4.76 years and oral hypoglycemic agents were used by 133 (48.7%) participants. Overall, 133 (48.7%) of the participants had GERD with a mean GERDQ score of 10.8(±1.4).Conclusion: Almost half (48.7%) of the participants have GERD; the most common symptom is regurgitation of stomach contents. Awareness should be raised, and early screening should be done to prevent long-term complications.
Caudal regression syndrome is a rare anomaly that is characterised by impaired development of the lower half of the body. This includes absent or abnormal development of lumbar and sacrococcygeal ...segments. Other associations of this disease include abnormalities of genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiopulmonary system. The exact aetiology is unknown and is believed to be multifactorial but maternal diabetes is significantly linked to this rare disorder. We report the case of a new-born baby boy with caudal regression syndrome, hyperbilirubinaemia and patent ductus arteriosus.
This paper examines the management of Hajj in Pakistan in the light of experience of Tabung Haji of Malaysia. Tabung Haji as an Islamic Financial Institution comes up with products that satisfy two ...fundamental human needs: Religious as well as financial. The flourishing undergo of TH urged to bring a work to examine the factors responsible for its success and to delineate lessons of experience for Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to analyze the significance of economics of Hajj management and to suggest an institutional arrangement in Pakistan. This study carries out a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to examine the internal and external factors accountable for Tabung Haji’s success. A comprehensive analysis will be done about the Hajj Cost in Pakistan. Households in Pakistan are facing great difficulty to save for the purpose of Hajj. Institutional arrangements similar to Tabung Haji can play an effective role to increase savings for the purpose of Hajj. This study proposes a model for Hajj arrangements in Pakistan. Socio-economic institutions will always be welcomed by the Muslims as they will mobilize their savings to riba free investments and provide them facilities during Pilgrimage.
Madam,
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. A quarter of Pakistan’s adult population is affected by DM. In Pakistan, the popular mono-therapy for treating both ...pre-diabetic and diabetic patients is metformin. For Metformin is combined with exogenous insulin/sitagliptin/sulphonylureas for dual therapy.1
Multiple studies over the past decade have shown encouraging results for GLP-1 analogues, especially semaglutide. The 2022 American Diabetic Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines refer to semaglutide as a highly efficacious drug with minuscule side effects.2 They are the most efficacious drugs in reducing HBA1c among all the prescribed drugs for DM.3 In patients already taking metformin, the addition of subcutaneous semaglutide showed almost double the reduction in HBA1c than the addition of any other drug.3 In obese patients with DM, the weight reduction with semaglutide is significant than all other available medications, followed by its sister drug liraglutide.4 Recent studies also confirmed the added benefit of this class being cardioprotective and renoprotective, contrary to a belief once held about it.5 As of the studies done till now, the only majorly reported side effect of this drug is nausea and vomiting.
Internationally, physicians have started to widely prescribe this class of drug after their inclusion as the top recommended drug in ADA and EASD. We suggest that the physicians be educated on the mechanism of this drug in conferences and presentations. This will help raise awareness in the doctor’s community of Pakistan. This drug can prove fruitful in preventing the progression of DM to diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, which can save countless lives and millions to our economy in pharmaceutical drugs.
PurposeUsing conservation of resources theory (COR), the authors test the combined effects of cynicism and psychological capital on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) mediated through emotional ...exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a time-lagged independent source sample (N = 181) consisting of employee–peer dyads from service industry in Pakistan.FindingsModerated mediated regression analyses indicated that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between organizational cynicism and counterproductive work behaviors. Psychological capital moderates the relationship between organizational cynicism and emotional exhaustion such that organizational cynicism is positively related to exhaustion when psychological capital is low. Furthermore, conditional indirect effects show that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between organizational cynicism and counterproductive work behaviors only when employees' psychological capital is low.Originality/valueThe study suggests new mechanisms and boundary conditions through which cynicism triggers CWBs. The authors discuss the implications of the study’s findings and suggest possible directions for future research.
Abstract
It is well known that repeated projective measurements can either slow down (the Zeno effect) or speed up (the anti-Zeno effect) quantum evolution. Until now, studies of these effects for a ...two-level system interacting with its environment have focused on repeatedly preparing the excited state via projective measurements. In this paper, we consider the repeated preparation of an arbitrary state of a two-level system that is interacting strongly with an environment of harmonic oscillators. To handle the strong interaction, we perform a polaron transformation and then use a perturbative approach to calculate the decay rates for the system. Upon calculating the decay rates, we discover that there is a transition in their qualitative behaviors as the state being repeatedly prepared continuously moves away from the excited state and toward a uniform superposition of the ground and excited states. Our results should be useful for the quantum control of a two-level system interacting with its environment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
To assess the frequency of insomnia and other sleep disturbances among children with autism spectrum disorder.
The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, from May to ...August 2019, after approval from the ethics committee of Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. It comprised children aged 6-12 years pre-diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who were enrolled from 3 institutions and an out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital. Sleep disturbance scale for children was used for data-collection, and the parents were asked to fill it out. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Of the 93 subjects, 71(76.3%) were boys and 22(23.7%) were girls, and 58(62.4%) were aged 6-8 years. Overall, 37(39.8%) children had at least one type of sleeping disorder; the most common being insomnia 24(25.8%), and the least common being sleep breathing disorders 4(4.3%).
Nearly 40% children with autism spectrum disorder had sleep disorders, and insomnia was the most common.
Hip dysplasia is an abnormal development of the hip that consists of a spectrum of different abnormalities featuring an abnormal relation of the femoral head to the acetabulum. It can be treated in ...early childhood when it is diagnosed. Later in adult life, it is more challenging. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman who presented to us with adult hip dysplastic changes; we undertook the care of her left hip and treated her surgically.
Rooted in research into personality, we propose that the Big Five traits would be related to fear of COVID‐19 (FOC), which in turn would lead to heightened job burnout, reduced job satisfaction, and ...decreased performance. Utilizing a three‐wave time‐lagged design, we collected our data from employees working in the United States and Canada (N = 300 × 3). We found good support for our hypotheses. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness had significant direct effects on FOC. Fear of COVID‐19 was positively related to job burnout and negatively related to job satisfaction and performance. Extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness had significant indirect effects on burnout, job satisfaction, and job performance via FOC. Hence, this study identifies a key mechanism, an individual's worry about losing their valuable resources (e.g. their health, and that of their family members and friends, etc.), through which selected dimensions of personality might affect employees' work outcomes. We discuss our findings and provide suggestions for future research in this domain.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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