The hydrogeological characteristics of some springs supplied by high-mountain carbonate rock aquifers, located in the south of Piedmont, in Italy, are presented in this work. The aquifers have ...different geological-structural conditions, including both deep and superficial karstification. Their catchment areas are located in a typical Alpine context at a high altitude of about 2000 m. These aquifers are ideal representations of the different hydrogeological situations that can be encountered in the high-altitude carbonate aquifers of the Mediterranean basin. It is first shown how the high-altitude zones present typical situations, in particular related to the climate, which control the infiltration processes to a great extent. Snowfall accumulates on the ground from November to April, often reaching remarkable thicknesses. The snow usually begins to melt in spring and continues to feed the aquifer for several months. This type of recharge is characterized by continuous daily variations caused by the typical thermal excursions. The hourly values are somewhat modest, but snowmelt lasts for a long time, beginning in the lower sectors and ending, after various months, in the higher areas. Abundant rainfall also occurs in the same period, and this contributes further to the aquifer supply. In the summer period, there is very little rainfall, but frequent storms. In autumn, abundant rainfall occurs and there are therefore short but relevant recharge events. It has been shown how the trend of the yearly flow of the high mountain springs is influenced to a great extent by the snowmelt processes and autumn rainfall. It has also been shown, by means of the annual hydrographs of the flow and the electric conductivity of the spring water, how the different examined aquifers are characterized by very different measured value trends, according to the characteristics of the aquifer.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
AbstractTo assess spring vulnerability level, the vulnerability estimator for spring protection areas (VESPA) index has been proposed. The VESPA index method is based on the joint use of discharge, ...electrical conductivity, and temperature data, measured at the spring location. In this paper the VESPA index method has been examined through the analysis of observed time series with respect to the following aspects: (1) the time extension of the data set, (2) the use of averaged data, and (3) the number of missing data. For this purpose four springs fed by different geological systems were considered. The outcomes of the statistical analysis show that the VESPA index is a reliable way to identify higher vulnerability levels while some uncertainty occurs in the identification of low and medium vulnerability levels.
Field mustard plants present in cauliflower fields were observed exhibiting branch proliferation, small and deformed leaves and flowers. The virtual RFLP and online tool
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Phyclassifier identified ...phytoplasmas of the 16SrIII-B, 16SrIII-J, 16SrIII-U and 16SrVII-B subgroups. Representatives of these subgroups were previously identified in cauliflower. This study evidenced field mustard as a host that can serve as inoculum source for commercial crops.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In adults, low levels of vitamin D are associated with hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 24-h blood pressure (BP) patterns and vitamin D levels in obese ...children. We recorded anthropometric parameters, took blood samples for 25-hydroxivitamin D measurements and monitored ambulatory BP (ABP) in 32 obese children (male/female: 21/11, age 7-16 years). Subjects in the lower tertiles had higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, nighttime systolic and diastolic ABP, nighttime systolic and diastolic ABP load, 24-h ABP index and nighttime systolic and diastolic ABP index than those in the higher tertile. Vitamin D correlated negatively with 24-h and nighttime systolic ABP, 24-h systolic ABP load, nighttime systolic and diastolic ABP load, 24-h systolic ABP index and nighttime systolic ABP index. The percentage of subjects with pathological 24-h systolic BP (SBP) load, nighttime SBP load, nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) load, nighttime SBP index and nighttime DBP index increased progressively as the vitamin deficiency categories increased (χ(2)=10.26, P<0.05; χ(2)=16.34, P<0.01; χ(2)=10.23, P<0.05; χ(2)=10.38 and χ(2)=10.06, P <0.01). Low levels of vitamin D in obese children were associated with a higher BP burden, especially at night.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary Background and aim The prevalence of children with hypertension is increasing, especially in obese children. This study was to assess the relationship between blood pressure, indexes of ...adiposity, body fat distribution and insulin resistance. Methods and results Sample: 1044 children (M/F: 484/560; aged 6–11 years). Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured and fasting blood samples were tested for triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin and ALT. The prevalence of high blood pressure in overweight males and females was 14.3 and 6.4%, respectively ( χ2 = 16.73, p < 0.001) and in obese it was 40.4 and 32.8%, respectively ( χ2 = 5.56, p < 0.001). High blood pressure increased progressively with BMI z -score categories ( χ2 = 67.99, p < 0.001) as well as with waist/height ratio (W/Hr) categories (χ2 = 23.51, p < 0.001). Hypertensive subject had significantly higher insulin (15.6 ± 9.8 vs 11.9 ± 7.2, p < 0.001 and 20.63 ± 14.7 vs 15.26 ± 9.8, p < 0.001 in males and females respectively) and HOMAIR (3.23 ± 2.1 vs 2.42 ± 1.49, p < 0.001 and 4.12 ± 2.87 vs 3.07 ± 1.98, p < 0.001 in males and in females, respectively) than non-hypertensive ones. Among metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, HOMAIR was the only variable able to predict high blood pressure in obese boys and girls, in addition to BMI or body fat distribution (waist, W/Hr). The highest HOMAIR category was the most important predicting factor of high blood pressure in overweight and obese children in addition to body size or body fat distribution. Conclusions Blood pressure is associated with the degree of overweight and the indices of body fat distribution. Insulin resistance is an independent additional risk factor for hypertension.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The aim of this study was to measure the nutrient oxidation rate during walking at different speeds and to identify the walking speed associated with the highest fat oxidation rate in a group of ...prepubertal boys with different levels of adiposity. Twenty-four prepubertal boys (age, 10 ± 1 yr) with different levels of overweight (body mass index, 25.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2; sd score of body mass index, 3.4 ± 1.1) performed a treadmill test. We measured by indirect calorimetry their respiratory exchange while they walked at speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h as well as their maximal oxygen uptake. The fat oxidation rate did not change significantly when the speed of walking was increased, whereas carbohydrate oxidation increased significantly (P < 0.001). A significant (P < 0.05) association was found between adiposity (percent fat mass) and the fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio during walking at 4, 5, and 6 km/h (r = 0.37, r = 0.37, and r = 0.36, respectively), adjusting for exercise intensity (maximal oxygen uptake, percentage). The lowest fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio, i.e. the highest fat oxidation/carbohydrate oxidation rate, was found at a walking speed of 4 km/h. Moderately intense exercise promoted the highest fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio. Increasing the exercise intensity did not promote fat oxidation. Therefore, walking at a speed of 4 km/h is recommended as practicable exercise for obese boys and, consequently, for the treatment of childhood obesity.
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