We investigate the relationship between stellar and gas specific angular momentum j, stellar mass M
* and optical morphology for a sample of 488 galaxies extracted from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object ...Integral field Galaxy Survey. We find that j, measured within one effective radius, monotonically increases with M
* and that, for M
* > 109.5 M⊙, the scatter in this relation strongly correlates with optical morphology (i.e. visual classification and Sérsic index). These findings confirm that massive galaxies of all types lie on a plane relating mass, angular momentum and stellar-light distribution, and suggest that the large-scale morphology of a galaxy is regulated by its mass and dynamical state. We show that the significant scatter in the M
*-j relation is accounted for by the fact that, at fixed stellar mass, the contribution of ordered motions to the dynamical support of galaxies varies by at least a factor of 3. Indeed, the stellar spin parameter (quantified via λ
R
) correlates strongly with Sérsic and concentration indices. This correlation is particularly strong once slow rotators are removed from the sample, showing that late-type galaxies and early-type fast rotators form a continuous class of objects in terms of their kinematic properties.
Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are puzzling absorption features that can be found in the spectra of reddened objects in our Galaxy, as well as in other observed galaxies. Although we still know ...too little of the carriers of DIBs, the numerous features along the optical and near infrared wavelengths and the consistency of their measured properties make DIBs potentially promising interstellar material tracers. DIBs studies are mostly based on stellar spectra in our Galaxy, but since DIBs can also be found in other galaxies, we search for DIBs in the spectra of nearby galaxies by perusing Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field unit (SAMI) data. We demonstrate DIB measurement by performing an automated fitting of a combination of a smooth continuum and a model of DIB profile to the spectrum. This preliminary result will be an important input to consider in drawing conclusion about DIBs and their environments.
Plasmonic resonances in metallic nanoparticles are exploited to create efficient optical filtering functions. A finite element method is used to model metallic nanoparticle gratings. The accuracy of ...this method is shown by comparing numerical results with measurements on a two-dimensional grating of gold nanocylinders with an elliptic cross section. A parametric analysis is then performed in order to design efficient filters with polarization dependent properties together with high transparency over the visible range. The behavior of nanoparticle gratings is also modeled using the Maxwell-Garnett homogenization theory and analyzed by comparison with the diffraction of a single nanoparticle. The proposed structures are intended to be included in optical systems that could find innovative applications.
Near infra-red (NIR) self-guided photo-polymerization is investigated in the context of micro-optics photo-fabrication on VCSELs (Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers). We present the optimized ...process we have developed to allow for a collective fabrication on III-V devices wafers under real-time optical monitoring. The influence of photo-chemical parameters on final micro-elements dimensions is studied for two types of single mode 760 nm VCSELs. The difference of the resulting tip shape between the two lasers is due to the strong differences of their emissions, as they are nicely reproduced by the computed near-field profiles. The tip shapes are also compared to those produced by the light emitted by an optical fiber and differences with VCSEL tips are discussed. Also the VCSEL characteristics with fabricated tips are discussed and found in good agreement with optical modeling.
•NIR photo-polymerization for microtips self-writing on VCSELs is optimized.•Sensitivity to oxygen quenching is controlled thanks to a spin-coating process.•Optimal conditions for collective ...self-writing on VCSELs are determined.•Tipped-VCSELs emit a focused beam suitable for scanning probe optical microscopy.
We report on the improvement of a fabrication method for micro-optics integration on vertical semiconductor laser diodes (VCSELs). Our approach is based on microlens self-writing by the laser beam itself thanks to self-guided Near-Infra-Red photo-polymerization. Fabrication conditions have been optimized to control and take benefit of process sensitivity to oxygen quenching and to make possible the study of photo-chemical parameters influence on final tip geometry. The interest of this simple method for fabricating focused-beam VCSELs is finally discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We describe the main recent technological approaches that associate micro-optical elements to VCSELs in order to control their output beam and to improve their photonic integration. These approaches ...imply either a hybrid assembly or a direct integration technique. They are compared with regards to their tolerance to alignment errors and to their ease of implementation onto arrays of devices at a wafer level. In particular, we detail the integration techniques we have developed for self-aligned polymer microlens fabrication for beam collimation and short distance beam focusing. Finally, designs to achieve active micro-optics or to exploit novel nanophotonic effects are discussed.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A new and compact photoacoustic sensor for trace gas detection in the 2–2.5
μm atmospheric window is reported. Both the development of antimonide-based DFB lasers with singlemode emission in this ...spectral range and a novel design of photoacoustic cell adapted to the characteristics of these lasers are discussed. The laser fabrication was made in two steps. The structure was firstly grown by molecular beam epitaxy then a metallic DFB grating was processed. The photoacoustic cell is based on a Helmholtz resonator that was designed in order to fully benefit from the highly divergent emission of the antimonide laser. An optimized modulation scheme based on wavelength modulation of the laser source combined with second harmonic detection has been implemented for efficient suppression of wall noise. Using a 2211
nm laser, sub-ppm detection limit has been demonstrated for ammonia.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Participants drove a simulated level 4 automated vehicle in urban areas under time pressure or not.•They experienced several goal interruptions during the trip.•Independently of time pressure, ...participants felt angrier and less happy after driving.•Under time pressure, participants decided to take over more often to counter the vehicle’s cautious driving style.•Highly automated vehicles may be improved to help the user cope with the emergence of anger and negative feelings.
Highly automated vehicles in urban areas will adopt a safe and cautious driving style, which is likely to result in frequent stops and yields while negotiating interactions in complex traffic environments. Users may not expect, comprehend or accept such behaviors from their vehicle. Considering that most daily trips are completed under time pressure, drivers may feel frustrated and decide to take over manual control in an attempt to save time. The current study aimed at investigating the impact of time pressure while driving a highly automated vehicle in urban areas in terms of anger and frustration. Forty participants drove a highly automated vehicle with or without time pressure in a driving simulator. The driving scenario included rural roads with light traffic and urban roads with traffic congestion and driving impediments. Data on mood, attitude and driver behavior were collected. Results indicate that urban automated driving in congested conditions deteriorated participants’ mood, independently of time pressure. Additionally, the number of takeovers on driver’s initiative was higher under time pressure. This study demonstrates that driving a highly automated vehicle in urban areas may have adverse effects for user’s emotional state. As long as drivers are uncomfortable with the vehicle behavior, they may decide to takeover in complex situations. Therefore, it is important to consider the emotional dimension of driving highly automated vehicles. Otherwise, expected benefits of automation for traffic congestion and safety may be compromised.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Seiring dengan adanya roda reformasi yang menggilas juga pada sektor pemerintahan (khususnya di daerah), maka UU Nomor 22 tahun 1974 yang selama ini menjadi pedoman telah diubah dengan UU Nomor 22 ...tahun 1999 yang dianggap lebih aspiratif dan demokratis meskipun sedikit cenderung liberal. Namun demikian, pergantian atau perubahan UU belum merupakan jawaban atas segala permasalahan yang terjadi selama ini, sehingga diperlukan penafsiran yang mendalam dan komprehensif agar dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien. Untuk itu, Perwakilan LAN Jawa Barat dan Biro Otonomi Daerah Setwilda Tingkat Jawa Barat mencoba menggali interpretasi, terutama pada aspek kewenangan baik pada tingkat Provinsi maupun Kabupaten/Kota.
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