Neste artigo, pretendo demonstrar como estruturas cognitivas subjacentes aos verbos (in)separáveis do alemão podem ser reveladas pelos gestos produzidos por uma professora bilíngue alemão/português e ...duas alunas brasileiros durante uma aula de alemão como língua estrangeira. A aula foi filmada e os gestos foram posteriormente anotados de acordo com o Sistema de Anotação Linguística para Gestos (LASG). A análise multimodal das interações forneceu evidências empíricas do pensamento conceptual corporificado, uma vez que os gestos das participantes retrataram esquemas imagéticos e mapeamentos metafóricos subjacentesaosverbos estudados, indicando que essas estruturas estão cognitivamente ativas para as participantes durante a interação. Além disso, a análise dos gestos ajuda a esclarecer alguns aspectos cognitivos inerentes ao processo de aprendizagem de L2, o que corrobora a inclusão de conceitos como competência metafórica e fluência conceitual nas discussões sobre o ensino e aprendizagem de L2.
The article explore how metaphoricity is expressed through the multimodal metaphors produced by a German-native-speaker teacher and Brazilian learners of German as a Foreign Language when discussing ...possible metaphorical meanings of the preposition and verbal prefix über. The lesson, which was taught for undergraduates at a Brazilian university, was videotaped. The interactions were transcribed using the conventions GAT 2 and gestures were described based on Cienki (2010). Based on the concepts of Conceptual Fluency by Danesi (1995) as well as the dynamic aspects of metaphoricity by Müller and Cienki (2009), the analysis revealed how metaphor thinking is indeed embodied and how such embodiment can be explored in the classroom.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by methacrylate surfactant monomers on the cytotoxicity and degree of conversion of two-step ...self-etching dentin adhesive systems. Five HEMA-free adhesive systems were tested: Bis-EMA 10, Bis-EMA 30, PEG400, PEG400UDMA, PEG1000, and a HEMA group was used as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the experimental primers, with different monomer concentrations (2 or 20 wt%), and bond resins, containing 25 wt% surfactant, was assessed using murine fibroblast cell line 3T3 and the tetrazolium assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)). The degree of conversion of the bond resins was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using level of significance set at
P
< 0.05. The PEG 1000 group obtained higher cell viability in comparison with HEMA in the 2 % primer. The cell survival rate using 20 % primer showed that PEG1000 and BIS-EMA 10 were less cytotoxic than HEMA. With regard to the eluate from bond resin, the data showed that the groups BIS-EMA 10, BIS-EMA 30 and PEG400UDMA were less cytotoxic than HEMA. No statistically significant difference was found among degrees of conversion of the experimental groups and HEMA. PEG 1000, BIS-EMA 10 and 30 monomers showed the biological potential for use in new adhesive system formulations since they showed lower cytotoxicity and similar degree of conversion when compared with the HEMA-containing group.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to synthesize an alternative acidic monomer (polypropylene glycol phosphate methacrylate – Poly-P) to constitute experimental two-step self-etch adhesive ...systems and also to evaluate its influence on the pH and microshear bond strength (μSBS) to enamel. Methods Primers containing Poly-P (10, 15, 30 or 50 wt.%), HEMA, ethanol, and water were prepared and allocated in subgroups according to a buffered or non-buffered pH. One experimental control and one commercial (Clearfill™ SE Bond) references were used. μSBS protocol was performed at human enamel, followed by mechanical testing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed after each primer application. Data was analysed by one-way Kruskal–Wallis and Student–Newman–Keuls tests ( p < 0.05) and by linear regression predictive models. Results As greater the Poly-P content, the lower the primer's pH. Buffered groups showed lower μSBS values than non-buffered groups. Groups with Poly-P content equal or higher than 30 wt.% showed similar μSBS results when compared to the controls. SEM images demonstrated that primers with high Poly-P content etched enamel with prisms exposure. Conclusions The pH of the primer was directly influenced by the concentration of acidic monomer, which directly affected the adhesion to enamel. Both the acidity and the type of acid-functional monomer present in the adhesive influenced the bond strength results. Clinical significance Poly-P synthesis was easy and effective, and considering the good bond strength results obtained, this acid-functional monomer may be potentially used in the formulation of self-etch dental adhesive systems.
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CMK, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Currently there is a high prevalence of humor disorders such as anxiety and depression throughout the world, especially concerning advanced age patients. Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae), ...popular known as "louro", can be found from the Amazon through Guianas until the Andes. Previous studies have already reported the isolation of alkamide-type alkaloids such as riparin III (O-methyl-N-2,6-dyhydroxy-benzoyl tyramine) which has demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in high doses by intraperitoneal administration.
Experimental protocol was conducted in order to analyze the anxiolytic-like effect of riparin III at lower doses by intravenous administration to Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) (n = 5). The experimental approach was designed to last 15 days, divided in 3 distinct periods of five days: control, anxiogenic and treatment periods. The anxiolytic-like effect was evaluated by experimental behavior tests such as open field and elevated plus-maze test, combined with urine metabolic footprint analysis. The urine was collected daily and analyzed by
H NMR. Generated data were statistically treated by Principal Component Analysis in order to detect patterns among the distinct periods evaluated as well as biomarkers responsible for its distinction.
It was observed on treatment group that cortisol, biomarker related to physiological stress was reduced, indicating anxiolytic-like effect of riparin III, probably through activation of 5-HT
receptors, which was corroborated by behavioral tests.
H NMR urine metabolic footprint combined with multivariate data analysis have demonstrated to be an important diagnostic tool to prove the anxiolytic-like effect of riparin III in a more efficient and pragmatic way.
Episodic-like memory (ELM) consists in the capacity of nonhuman animals to remember ‘where’ and ‘when’ a specific episode occurred (‘what’). Previous studies have showed that Wistar rats can form an ...ELM, but not after a 24 h retention delay. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that caffeine can improve episodic memory consolidation in humans. Therefore, we verified whether acute post-sample caffeine administration could improve ELM consolidation in Wistar rats, as well if it could be related to neurochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus – regions related to episodic-like memory processing. 46 Male Wistar Rats, approximately 3 months-old, were divided into four groups as follows: untreated (n = 11), saline (n = 11), caffeine 10 mg ∕kg i.p (n = 12); caffeine 15 mg∕kgi.p (n = 12) and tested in WWWhen/ELM task. The animals treated with caffeine in different dosages (10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg) discriminated temporally and spatially the objects, respectively. These groups also showed a dopamine renewal rate in the hippocampus, suggesting that there was an increase in the turnover compared with the groups with no caffeine administration. We can conclude that caffeine leads to an improvement in the consolidation of the temporal (‘what-when’) and spatial (‘what-where’) aspects of episodic-like memory.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Due to their importance in the regulation of metabolites, the kidneys need continuous monitoring to check for correct functioning, mainly by urea and creatinine urinalysis. This study aimed to ...develop a model to estimate the concentrations of urea and creatinine in urine by means of Raman spectroscopy (RS) that could be used to diagnose kidney disease. Midstream urine samples were obtained from 54 volunteers with no kidney complaints. Samples were subjected to a standard colorimetric assay of urea and creatinine and submitted to spectroscopic analysis by means of a dispersive Raman spectrometer (830 nm, 350 mW, 30 s). The Raman spectra of urine showed peaks related mainly to urea and creatinine. Partial least squares models were developed using selected Raman bands related to urea and creatinine and the biochemical concentrations in urine measured by the colorimetric method, resulting in r=0.90 and 0.91 for urea and creatinine, respectively, with root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEcv) of 312 and 25.2 mg/dL, respectively. RS may become a technique for rapid urinalysis, with concentration errors suitable for population screening aimed at the prevention of renal diseases.
It is well known that anesthesia and certain surgeries predispose patients to changes in respiratory function, pulmonary volumes, and gas exchange. Cardiac surgery, which is considered a major ...surgery, may trigger respiratory complications in the postoperative period. These complications have various causes, such as heart and lung functions in the pre-operative, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and the level of sedation. In these extensive thoracic procedures, respiratory dysfunction may be significant, persisting in the postoperative period. Physiotherapy is offered to patients in the ICU as part of a multidisciplinary treatment plan. It is a time-consuming treatment, and is possible at various times during the patient's stay in the ICU. However, it is particularly valuable in postoperative recovery in order to avoid respiratory and motor complications. Thus, a literature review was performed, aiming to arrange current and relevant information on available resources for respiratory monitoring, as well as its importance in evaluating and treating lung function impairment, as this complication is a frequent cause of death in surgical patients.
Purpose: Dental amalgam has been used as a dental restoration for more than 165 years. However, some patients with these restorations may present oral lichenoid lesions (OLL). OLL are chronic oral ...mucosal contact reactions to dental amalgam. Their diagnosis usually is based on the direct contact of the affected mucosa with the amalgam restorations, clinical appearance, and lack of migrations. A patch-test for mercury can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Case description: Two clinical cases were diagnosed as related to OLL. In both cases, the patients complained of a burning sensation in the oral mucosa adjacent to the amalgam restorations. The treatment involved replacing the amalgam restorations by composite. A complete remission of the painful symptoms was observed after 17 days in one case and after one month in the other, although the lesions in the oral mucosa did not disappear completely. Conclusion: Dentists should be aware of OLL occurrence close to amalgam restorations and should be able to diagnose it and recommend the best treatment option.
Este artículo analiza la relación entre diseño e ingeniería a través de experiencias de enseñanza interdisciplinarias para crear conciencia sobre la economía circular. La educación es esencial para ...permitir este proceso de manera sistémica para futuros profesionales en ambas áreas, introduciendo metodologías integradas de proyectos en el diseño de productos y sus medios de producción. El objetivo es que, además de las áreas de especialización (arquitectura, diseño, gestión e ingeniería), se establezcan perspectivas futuras para repensar el camino actual del desarrollo económico. Esto creará una base de habilidades para promover la innovación circular, alineada con la necesidad de que las sociedades modernas avancen hacia un paradigma más sostenible.
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