Ausgehend vom Fichteschen Gedanken, dass die Wahl der Philosophie davon abhängt, was für ein Mensch man ist, werden im vorliegenden Artikel die Denkzusammenhänge des schöpferischen Wirkens von Ante ...Pažanin in der Absicht, die Grundbestandteile seiner Lebensphilosophie zu erleuchten, umrissen. Pažanins Forschungen über die Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft, Phänomenologie, praktische Philosophie, Ethik und Politik haben ein merkwürdiges Echo und Wirkung nicht nur in Kroatien, sondern sie wurden bemerkenswert auch in der Welt. Auf der internationalen Schaubühne erregte Interesse seine eigenartige Auffassung der normativen politischen Philosophie, in der auf die Folgen der gegenwärtigen wissenschaftlichtechnischen Zivilisation kritisch hingewiesen wurde. Im Gegensatz zur neuzeitlichen Scheidung der Ethik vom Recht und der Politik, stützte sich Pažanin auf die Aristotelische Tradition der praktischen Philosophie, die von der Einheit der Ethik und Politik ausgeht. Praktische Philosophie betrachtet er als einen selbständigen und von der poietischen techne und der teoretischen episteme unabhängigen Bereich. Dieser Zugang zur praktischen Philosophie überwindet die Schwierigkeiten des apriorischen Universalismus der theoretischen Grundlegung der ethischen Normen und ist der zeitgenössischen Mannigfaltigkeit und Komplexität der Lebenswelt angemessen. Pažanins philosophische Lebenscredo könnte mit der Gadamerschen Beschreibung des ,Vererbens’ von Aristoteles verglichen werden: der Philosoph strebt an, sich durch die philosophische Theorie in den Dienst der menschlichen Praxis zu setzen. Seine praktische Philosophie ist eine eigentümliche Denkbemühung um Verstehen und Vergegenwärtigen der Beziehungen zwischen der reflexiven Formen der Theorie und der praktischen Vernünftigkeit der geschichtlichen Lebenswelt. Philosophische Reflexion hat für ihn die Aufgabe, nicht nur die praktische Welt angemessen zu verstehen, sondern durch das Streben nach der Verwirklichung des größten menschlichen Wohls als wesentlichen Zweckes des Menschenlebens sie verantwortlich auch zu verändern.
Introductory remarks of this article are reflections on monolingualism in science. In the following step, the article presents Hegel’s arguments in favor of multilingualism in science, illustrated on ...the example of Christian Wolff, and proceeds to discuss the position of German at the World Congress of Philosophy. The analysis shows that the use of German at the 23rd Convention in Athens in 2013 was in radical recline. When it comes to the predicament mentioned in the title, which is in close connection to the question whether science would be better suited by a universal language or language variety, more arguments seem to be in favor of multilingualism.
Članak ocrtava povijesni razvoj pitanja o višeznačnoj i zagonetnoj ljudskoj naravi, s posebnim osvrtom na razloge i uvjete zasnivanja moderne filozofijske antropologije. Na toj podlozi daje pregled ...idejnih začetaka i pravaca antropologijskih istraživanja u Hrvatskoj. U žarištu su pitanja: kada se pojavljuju istraživanja u polju filozofijske antropologije, u kojem se misaonom okružju oblikuju te kakve znanstvene dosege ostvaruju? Prikaz na vidjelo iznosi spoznaju kako filozofijska antropologija u Hrvatskoj dobiva prve konture i vrijedne prinose u sam osvit suvremene obnove te discipline, neposredno nakon njezinih fenomenologijskih i znanstvenih oživljavanja u pothvatima Schelera i Plessnera. Razvoj istraživačke grane raščlanjen je, prema modelu Hansa Lenka, u četiri glavne idejne orijentacije. U okviru antropologije odozgo prikazani su stvaralački prinosi Stjepana Zimmermanna, Vilima Keilbacha, Rajmunda Kuparea, Miljenka Belića, Ante Kusića, Josipa Ćurića, Hrvoja Lasića i Ivana Kopreka. Antropologija odozdo prispodobljena je osvrtom na istraživanja Vere Ehrlich-Stein, Rudija Supeka, Instituta za antropologiju, Pavla Rudana i Darka Polšeka. Za antropologiju iz kulture izložena su misaona postignuća Pavla Vuk-Pavlovića, Vladimira Filipovića, Vjekoslava Mikecina, Esada Ćimića, Nikole Skledara, Branke Brujić, Milana Galovića i Mihaele Girardi-Karšulin. Pod antropologijom iz povijesti ocrtana su djela Predraga Vranickoga, Milana Kangrge, Vanje Sutlića, Gaje Petrovića, Hotimira Burgera, Mislava Kukoča i Raula Raunića. Zaključak sažimlje četiri uvida 1. Filozofijska antropologija nedovoljno je istraženo i malo vrednovano polje, koje predstavlja jedan od najplodnijih misaonih pravaca u 20. stoljeću; 2. Stvaralački prinosi zastupljeni su u sve četiri glavne orijentacije; 3. U okviru istraživanja o čovjeku ostvaren je živ dijalog i plodotvoran susret različitih nazora na svijet; 4. Početke razvoja discipline treba pomaknuti ranije u povijest nego što se prethodno smatralo (Hotimir Burger), s pedesetih i šezdesetih na početak tridesetih godina 20. stoljeća. Posljednji uvid ukazuje na potrebu daljnjega istraživanja uočena, a dosad uglavnom zanemarena, kontinuiteta antropologijskih tema i bliskih idejnih stajališta u povijesti novije filozofije u Hrvatskoj.
The paper outlines the historical development of question about ambiguous and mysterious human nature, in particular considering the reasons and conditions for the founding of modern philosophical anthropology. Subsequently, it brings an overview of the conceptual beginnings and directions of anthropological research in Croatia. The focus is on the following questions: When did the investigations begin in the field of philosophical anthropology, in what kind of thinking environments were they shaped and what scientific achievements were reached? The presentation brings to light the cognition that philosophical anthropology in Croatia got its first contours and valuable contributions to the very beginning of the contemporary renewal of this discipline, shortly after its phenomenological and scientific revivals in the ventures of Scheler and Plessner. The development of this research branch is, according to Hans Lankʼs model, divided into four main conceptual orientations. The anthropology from above shows the creative contributions of Stjepan Zimmermann, Vilim Keilbach, Rajmund Kupareo, Miljenko Belić, Ante Kusić, Josip Ćurić, Hrvoje Lasić and Ivan Koprek. The anthropology from below is illustrated by the reference to the research by Vera Ehrlich-Stein, Rudi Supek, the Institute of Anthropology, Pavao Rudan and Darko Polšek. For the anthropology from culture, the philosophical achievements of Pavao Vuk-Pavlović, Vladimir Filipović, Vjekoslav Mikecin, Esad Ćimić, Nikola Skledar, Branka Brujić, Milan Galović and Mihaela Girardi-Karšulin were delineated. Under the anthropology from history, the works of Predrag Vranicki, Milan Kangrga, Vanja Sutlić, Gaja Petrović, Hotimir Burger, Mislava Kukoč and Raul Raunić are outlined. The conclusion summarises four insights. 1. Philosophical anthropology is an under-researched and not enough appreciated field, which represents one of the most fertile currents of thought in the 20th century. 2. Creative contributions are presented in all four major orientations. 3. In the context of anthropological research, lively dialogue and a fruitful meeting of different worldviews were realised. 4. The beginnings of the development of the discipline should be moved earlier in history than previously considered (Hotimir Burger), from the 1950s and 1960s to the early 1930s. The last insight points to the need for further exploration of the perceived, and so far largely neglected, continuity of anthropological themes and related ideas in the history of recent philosophy in Croatia.
The paper outlines the historical development of question about ambiguous and mysterious human nature, in particular considering the reasons and conditions for the founding of modern philosophical ...anthropology. Subsequently, it brings an overview of the conceptual beginnings and directions of anthropological research in Croatia. The focus is on the following questions: When did the investigations begin in the field of philosophical anthropology, in what kind of thinking environments were they shaped and what scientific achievements were reached? The presentation brings to light the cognition that philosophical anthropology in Croatia got its first contours and valuable contributions to the very beginning of the contemporary renewal of this discipline, shortly after its phenomenological and scientific revivals in the ventures of Scheler and Plessner. The development of this research branch is, according to Hans Lankʼs model, divided into four main conceptual orientations. The anthropology from above shows the creative contributions of Stjepan Zimmermann, Vilim Keilbach, Rajmund Kupareo, Miljenko Belić, Ante Kusić, Josip Ćurić, Hrvoje Lasić and Ivan Koprek. The anthropology from below is illustrated by the reference to the research by Vera Ehrlich-Stein, Rudi Supek, the Institute of Anthropology, Pavao Rudan and Darko Polšek. For the anthropology from culture, the philosophical achievements of Pavao Vuk-Pavlović, Vladimir Filipović, Vjekoslav Mikecin, Esad Ćimić, Nikola Skledar, Branka Brujić, Milan Galović and Mihaela Girardi-Karšulin were delineated. Under the anthropology from history, the works of Predrag Vranicki, Milan Kangrga, Vanja Sutlić, Gaja Petrović, Hotimir Burger, Mislava Kukoč and Raul Raunić are outlined. The conclusion summarises four insights. 1. Philosophical anthropology is an under-researched and not enough appreciated field, which represents one of the most fertile currents of thought in the 20th century. 2. Creative contributions are presented in all four major orientations. 3. In the context of anthropological research, lively dialogue and a fruitful meeting of different worldviews were realised. 4. The beginnings of the development of the discipline should be moved earlier in history than previously considered (Hotimir Burger), from the 1950s and 1960s to the early 1930s. The last insight points to the need for further exploration of the perceived, and so far largely neglected, continuity of anthropological themes and related ideas in the history of recent philosophy in Croatia.
Der Aufsatz beginnt mit Überlegungen zur Einsprachigkeit der Wissenschaft. Anschließend wird auf Hegels Argumente zugunsten der Mehrsprachigkeit von Wissenschaft und Bildung am Vorbild von Christian ...Wolff hingewiesen, worauf ein Exkurs zur Stellung der deutschen Sprache auf dem Weltkongress für Philosophie folgt. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich der Gebrauch des Deutschen auf der XXIII. Einberufung in Athen 2013 stark verringert hat. In Bezug auf die im Titel genannte Zwangslage, verbunden mit der Frage, ob eine universale Sprache oder aber sprachliche Vielfalt der Natur der Wissenschaft besser entgegenkommt, sprechen mehr Argumente zugunsten der Mehrsprachigkeit.
It is very complicated to give correct answer to the question “How to define human life?” Nowadays dilemmas consider the respect of human life from the birth to death involve not just biology but ...also other sciences like philosophy, theology, sociology, psychology, law and politics. These sciences evaluate the topic from different points of view. Integration of all of these perspectives could result with a proper definition. The principal purpose of this paper is to try to determine when a human individual begins. If this proves to be too difficult, we might have to settle for a specific stage in the reproductive process before which it would be impossible to say with any plausibility that a human individual exists. It is necessary to return the moral dimension of observation to the science of life. The point is to reconcile the universal ethical principles concerning the absolute value of life with the everyday challenges and dilemmas. It is our deepest conviction that life has an absolute value and that there always remains something indestructible and substantial in life, which may neither be evaluated by anything final, nor completely reduced to the material biological equivalent and the genetic substratum.
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