While mean-field approximations, such as the nuclear shell model, provide a good description of many bulk nuclear properties, they fail to capture the important effects of nucleon–nucleon ...correlations such as the short-distance and high-momentum components of the nuclear many-body wave function1. Here, we study these components using the effective pair-based generalized contact formalism2,3 and ab initio quantum Monte Carlo calculations of nuclei from deuteron to 40Ca (refs. 4–6). We observe a universal factorization of the many-body nuclear wave function at short distance into a strongly interacting pair and a weakly interacting residual system. The residual system distribution is consistent with that of an uncorrelated system, showing that short-distance correlation effects are predominantly embedded in two-body correlations. Spin- and isospin-dependent ‘nuclear contact terms’ are extracted in both coordinate and momentum space for different realistic nuclear potentials. The contact coefficient ratio between two different nuclei shows very little dependence on the nuclear interaction model. These findings thus allow extending the application of mean-field approximations to short-range correlated pair formation by showing that the relative abundance of short-range pairs in the nucleus is a long-range (that is, mean field) quantity that is insensitive to the short-distance nature of the nuclear force.Effects of nucleon–nucleon correlations are studied with the generalized contact formalism and ab initio quantum Monte Carlo calculations. For nuclei from deuteron to 40Ca, the many-body nuclear wave function is shown to factorize at short distances.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
We address the Λ hypernuclear "overbinding problem" in light hypernuclei which stands for a 1-3 MeV excessive Λ separation energy calculated in _{Λ}^{5}He. This problem arises in most few-body ...calculations that reproduce ground-state Λ separation energies in the lighter Λ hypernuclei within various hyperon-nucleon interaction models. Recent pionless effective field theory (πEFT) nuclear few-body calculations are extended in this work to Λ hypernuclei. At leading order, the ΛN low-energy constants are associated with ΛN scattering lengths, and the ΛNN low-energy constants are fitted to Λ separation energies (B_{Λ}^{exp}) for A≤4. The resulting πEFT interaction reproduces in few-body stochastic variational method calculations the reported value B_{Λ}^{exp}(_{Λ}^{5}He)=3.12±0.02 MeV within a fraction of MeV over a broad range of πEFT cutoff parameters. Possible consequences and extensions to heavier hypernuclei and to neutron-star matter are discussed.
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ηNNN and ηNNNN bound states are explored in stochastic variational method (SVM) calculations within a pionless effective field theory (EFT) approach at leading order. The theoretical input consists ...of regulated NN and NNN contact terms, and a regulated energy dependent ηN contact term derived from coupled-channel models of the N⁎(1535) nucleon resonance. A self consistency procedure is applied to deal with the energy dependence of the ηN subthreshold input, resulting in a weak dependence of the calculated η-nuclear binding energies on the EFT regulator. It is found, in terms of the ηN scattering length aηN, that the onset of binding η 3He requires a minimal value of ReaηN close to 1 fm, yielding then a few MeV η binding in η 4He. The onset of binding η 4He requires a lower value of ReaηN, but exceeding 0.7 fm.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Atomic nuclei are complex strongly interacting systems and their exact theoretical description is a long-standing challenge. An approximate description of nuclei can be achieved by separating its ...short and long range structure. This separation of scales stands at the heart of the nuclear shell model and effective field theories that describe the long-range structure of the nucleus using a mean-field approximation. We present here an effective description of the complementary short-range structure using contact terms and stylized two-body asymptotic wave functions. The possibility to extract the nuclear contacts from experimental data is presented. Regions in the two-body momentum distribution dominated by high-momentum, close-proximity, nucleon pairs are identified and compared to experimental data. The amount of short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon pairs is determined and compared to measurements. Non-combinatorial isospin symmetry for SRC pairs is identified. The obtained one-body momentum distributions indicate dominance of SRC pairs above the nuclear Fermi-momentum.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We show how nuclear effective field theory (EFT) and ab initio nuclear-structure methods can turn input from lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) into predictions for the properties of nuclei. We ...argue that pionless EFT is the appropriate theory to describe the light nuclei obtained in LQCD simulations carried out at pion masses heavier than the physical pion mass. We solve the EFT using the effective-interaction hyperspherical harmonics and auxiliary-field diffusion Monte Carlo methods. Fitting the three leading-order EFT parameters to the deuteron, dineutron, and triton LQCD energies at m_{π}≈800 MeV, we reproduce the corresponding alpha-particle binding and predict the binding energies of mass-5 and mass-6 ground states.
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What is the size of the atomic nucleus? This deceivably simple question is dicult to answer. Although the electric charge distributions in atomic nuclei were measured accurately already half a ...century ago, our knowledge of the distribution of neutrons is still decient. In addition to constraining the size of atomic nuclei, the neutron distribution also impacts the number of nuclei that can exist and the size of neutron stars. We present an ab initio calculation of the neutron distribution of the neutron-rich nucleus 48Ca. We show that the neutron skin (dierence between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions) is signicantly smaller than previously thought. We also make predictions for the electric dipole polarizability and the weak form factor; both quantities that are at present targeted by precision measurements. Based on ab initio results for 48Ca, we provide a constraint on the size of a neutron star.
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Binding energies of light, A≤6, ΛΛ hypernuclei are calculated using the stochastic variational method in a pionless effective field theory (π̸EFT) approach at leading order with the purpose of ...assessing critically the onset of binding in the strangeness S=−2 hadronic sector. The π̸EFT input in this sector consists of (i) a ΛΛ contact term constrained by the ΛΛ scattering length aΛΛ, using a range of values compatible with ΛΛ correlations observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions, and (ii) a ΛΛN contact term constrained by the only available A≤6 ΛΛ hypernucler binding energy datum of ΛΛ6He. The recently debated neutral three-body and four-body systems ΛΛ3n and ΛΛ4n are found unbound by a wide margin. A relatively large value of |aΛΛ|≳1.5 fm is needed to bind ΛΛ4H, thereby questioning its particle stability. In contrast, the particle stability of the A=5 ΛΛ hypernuclear isodoublet ΛΛ5H–ΛΛ5He is robust, with Λ separation energy of order 1 MeV.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The role of an intrinsic four-body scale in universal few-boson systems is the subject of active debate. We study these systems within the framework of effective field theory. For systems of up to ...six bosons we establish that no four-body scale appears at leading order (LO). However, we find that at next-to-leading order (NLO) a four-body force is needed to obtain renormalized results for binding energies. With the associated parameter fixed to the binding energy of the four-boson system, this force is shown to renormalize the five- and six-body systems as well. We present an original ansatz for the short-distance limit of the bosonic A-body wave function from which we conjecture that new A-body scales appear at N^{A-3} LO. As a specific example, calculations are presented for clusters of helium atoms. Our results apply more generally to other few-body systems governed by a large scattering length, such as light nuclei and halo states, the low-energy properties of which are independent of the detailed internal structure of the constituents.
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The spectrum of hypernuclear trios composed of a Λ baryon and two nucleons is the subject of an ongoing experimental campaign, aiming to study the interaction of the Λ particle with a neutron, and ...the 3-body Λ-nucleon-nucleon force. In this manuscript we utilize baryonic effective field theory at leading order, constrained to reproduce the available low energy light hypernuclear data, to study the continuum spectrum of such hypernuclear trios. Using the complex scaling method and the inverse analytic continuation in the coupling constant method we find the existence of a virtual state in the ΛnpJπ=3/2+ channel, leading to cross-section enhancement near threshold. For the ΛnnJπ=1/2+ channel we predict a resonance state. Depending, however, on the value of the ΛN scattering length, the resonance pole moves from the physical to the unphysical complex energy sheet within the experimental bounds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We report on precise hyperspherical-basis calculations of ηNN and ηNNN quasibound states, using energy dependent ηN interaction potentials derived from coupled-channel models of the S11N⁎(1535) ...nucleon resonance. The ηN attraction generated in these models is too weak to generate a two-body bound state. No ηNN bound-state solution was found in our calculations in models where ReaηN≲1 fm, with aηN the ηN scattering length, covering thereby the majority of N⁎(1535) resonance models. A near-threshold ηNNN bound-state solution, with η separation energy of less than 1 MeV and width of about 15 MeV, was obtained in the 2005 Green–Wycech model where Re aηN≈1 fm. The role of handling self consistently the subthreshold ηN interaction is carefully studied.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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