This open access book presents an interdisciplinary, multi-authored, edited collection of chapters on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and the Law. AI technology has come to play a central role in the ...modern data economy. Through a combination of increased computing power, the growing availability of data and the advancement of algorithms, AI has now become an umbrella term for some of the most transformational technological breakthroughs of this age. The importance of AI stems from both the opportunities that it offers and the challenges that it entails. While AI applications hold the promise of economic growth and efficiency gains, they also create significant risks and uncertainty. The potential and perils of AI have thus come to dominate modern discussions of technology and ethics – and although AI was initially allowed to largely develop without guidelines or rules, few would deny that the law is set to play a fundamental role in shaping the future of AI. As the debate over AI is far from over, the need for rigorous analysis has never been greater. This book thus brings together contributors from different fields and backgrounds to explore how the law might provide answers to some of the most pressing questions raised by AI. An outcome of the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law and its interdisciplinary working group on Law and Artificial Intelligence, it includes contributions by leading scholars in the fields of technology, ethics and the law.
Physical, emotional, and social changes, including exposure to poverty, abuse, or violence, increases youth vulnerability to mental illness. These factors interfere with development, limit ...opportunities, and hamper achievement of a fulfilling life as adults. Addressing these issues can lead to improved outcomes at the population level and better cost-effectiveness for health services. Cash transfer programs have been a promising way to address social drivers for poor mental health. However, it is still unclear which pathways and mechanisms explain the association between socioeconomic support and lower mental illness among youth. Therefore, we will evaluate the effect of social drivers on youth mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide, test mechanisms and pathways of a countrywide socioeconomic intervention, and examine the timing of the intervention during the life course.
We will combine individual-level data from youth national hospitalization, mental health disorders and attempted suicide, suicide registries and notifications of violence, with large-scale databases, including "The 100 Million Brazilian Cohort", over an 18-year period (2001-2018). Several approaches will be used for the retrospective quasi-experimental impact evaluations, such as Regression Discontinuity Designs, Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-differences, combined with multivariable regressions for cohort analyses. We will run multivariate regressions based on hierarchical analysis approach to evaluate the association between important social drivers (mental health care, demographic and economic aspects) on mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide among youth. Furthermore, we will perform microsimulations to generate projections regarding how mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide trends will be in the future based on the current state, and how BFP implementation scenarios will affect these trends.
The results of this project will be of vital importance to guide policies and programs to improve mental health and reduce mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide in youth. It will provide information to improve the effectiveness of these programs worldwide. If cash transfers can decrease mental health problems among youth and reduce suicide.
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4.
An overview of migratory birds in Brazil Somenzari, Marina; Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do; Cueto, Victor R. ...
Papéis avulsos de zoologia (São Paulo),
2018, Volume:
58
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal ...movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.
Multimorbidity, or the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is a global challenge, with implications for mortality, morbidity, disability, and life quality. Psychiatric disorders are common ...among the chronic diseases that affect patients with multimorbidity. It is still not well understood whether psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, moderate the effect of multimorbidity on cognition.
We used a large (n=2,681) dataset to assess whether depressive symptomatology moderates the effect of multimorbidity on cognition using structural equation modelling.
It was found that the more depressive symptoms and chronic conditions, the worse the cognitive performance, and the higher the educational level, the better the cognitive performance. We found a significant but weak (0.009; p = 0.04) moderating effect.
We have provided the first estimate of the moderating effect of depression on the relation between multimorbidity and cognition, which was small. Although this moderation has been implied by many previous studies, it was never previously estimated.
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Violence of all types is a global public health problem. Cash-based incentives can potentially reduce violence outcomes by reducing economic hardership. We aim to deliver a comprehensive systematic ...review of the relationship between cash-based incentives with a variety of violence outcomes.
We searched studies assessing the relationship between cash-based incentives with violence outcomes at PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health and LILACS from the database's creation until July 12th, 2023. We evaluated the relationship of cash-based incentives on five types of violence outcome: intimate partner violence (IPV), child maltreatment, suicide, youth violence, and general violence. Cash-based incentives were grouped into Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT), Unconditional Cash Transfer (CCT), cash in combination with interventions other than cash(cash+), tax credits, cash for work and start-up grants. We classified the strength of evidence according to the study design and quality. An evidence map was developed to indicate gaps in the literature and impact (reduction, null and mixed). This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42020167049. The strength of evidence was mainly classified as moderate, or limited. The evidence map indicated research gaps on the effect of cash+ and cash for work on suicide and general violence, tax credit on general violence and start-up grants on child maltreatment, suicide, and general violence.
Despite the important number of mixed evidence, we found strong and very strong evidence that cash-based interventions reduced transactional and age-disparate sex among girls, suicide, IPV victimisation, physical, emotional and sexual IPV, and physical child maltreatment. Future studies should focus on the gaps found in this review.
•None of the literature reviews currently available have evaluated the strength of evidence so far.•We delivered a comprehensive review of the relationship of cash-based incentives on a variety of violence outcomes.•We also provided the strength and direction of the evidence and research gaps by using an evidence map.•Despite the mixed evidence, our review indicated that cash-based incentives reduce suicide, and protect women, children, and youth from violence.•Aligning cash-based incentives with social policies may reduce violence. Local adaptation and impact measurement are crucial, using standardized tools.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Multimorbidity, or the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions, is a global challenge, with implications for mortality, morbidity, disability and life quality. Psychiatric disorders are common ...among the chronic diseases that affect patients with multimorbidity. It is still not well understood whether psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, moderate the effect of multimorbidity on cognition.
We used a large (n=2681) dataset to assess whether there is a moderation of depressive symptomatology on the effect of multimorbidity on cognition using structural equation modelling.
It was found that the more depressive symptoms and chronic conditions, the worse the cognitive performance, and the higher the educational level, the better the cognitive performance. We found a significant but weak (0.009; p-value = 0.04) moderation effect.
We have provided the first estimate of the moderating effect of depression on the effect of multimorbidity on cognition, though it is small. Although this moderation was implicit in numerous previous works, it was never previously estimated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
BackgroundPhysical, emotional, and social changes, including exposure to poverty, abuse, or violence, increases youth vulnerability to mental illness. These factors interfere with development, limit ...opportunities, and hamper achievement of a fulfilling life as adults. Addressing these issues can lead to improved outcomes at the population level and better cost-effectiveness for health services. Cash transfer programs have been a promising way to address social drivers for poor mental health. However, it is still unclear which pathways and mechanisms explain the association between socioeconomic support and lower mental illness among youth. Therefore, we will evaluate the effect of social drivers on youth mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide, test mechanisms and pathways of a countrywide socioeconomic intervention, and examine the timing of the intervention during the life course.MethodsWe will combine individual-level data from youth national hospitalization, mental health disorders and attempted suicide, suicide registries and notifications of violence, with large-scale databases, including "The 100 Million Brazilian Cohort", over an 18-year period (2001-2018). Several approaches will be used for the retrospective quasi-experimental impact evaluations, such as Regression Discontinuity Designs, Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-differences, combined with multivariable regressions for cohort analyses. We will run multivariate regressions based on hierarchical analysis approach to evaluate the association between important social drivers (mental health care, demographic and economic aspects) on mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide among youth. Furthermore, we will perform microsimulations to generate projections regarding how mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide trends will be in the future based on the current state, and how BFP implementation scenarios will affect these trends.DiscussionThe results of this project will be of vital importance to guide policies and programs to improve mental health and reduce mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide in youth. It will provide information to improve the effectiveness of these programs worldwide. If cash transfers can decrease mental health problems among youth and reduce suicide.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AT1 and AT2 receptors in a periodontal inflammation experimental model.
Periodontal inflammation was induced by LPS/
. Maxillae, femur, and vertebra ...were scanned using Micro-CT. Maxillae were analyzed histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and by RT-PCR.
The vertebra showed decreased BMD in AT1 H compared with WT H (
< 0.05). The femur showed increased Tb.Sp for AT1 H and AT2 H,
< 0.01 and
< 0.05, respectively. The Tb.N was decreased in the vertebra (WT H-AT1 H:
< 0.05; WT H-AT2 H:
< 0.05) and in the femur (WT H-AT1 H:
< 0.01; WT H-AT2 H:
< 0.05). AT1 PD increased linear bone loss (
< 0.05) and decreased osteoblast cells (
< 0.05). RANKL immunostaining was intense for AT1 PD and WT PD (
< 0.001). OPG was intense in the WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD when compared to AT1 PD (
< 0.001). AT1 PD showed weak immunostaining for osteocalcin compared with WT H, WT PD, and AT2 PD (
< 0.001). AT1 H showed significantly stronger immunostaining for osteonectin in fibroblasts compared to AT2 H (
< 0.01).
AT1 receptor knockout changed bone density, the quality and number of bone trabeculae, decreased the number of osteoblast cells, and increased osteonectin in fibroblasts.
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Bibliotecas a Sul Agenjo, Xavier; Alvim, Luísa; Barrulas, Joaquina ...
12/2023
Book
Open access
Bibliotecas a Sul é uma obra de investigação e divulgação académica que analisa o fenómeno das bibliotecas nas suas múltiplas vertentes de serviço e uso e pretende elucidar aspetos relacionados com ...as bibliotecas do sul de Portugal continental, no âmbito da missão do CIDEHUS – Centro Interdisciplinar de História, Culturas e Sociedades. Os estudos e contributos são inéditos e realizados especificamente para esta obra, maioritariamente por membros integrados no CIDEHUS, cruzando várias disciplinas na área da biblioteconomia e dos estudos de cultura. Inclui, ainda, uma homenagem a Maria José Moura, bibliotecária eborense e impulsionadora das bibliotecas públicas em Portugal.
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