We report on our investigation of structural defect and strain formation in electrodegraded reduced and oxidized, Fe‐doped SrTiO3 (Fe:STO) single crystals using optical second harmonic generation ...(SHG) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. SHG and Raman spectra reveal structural and electrochemical inhomogeneity resulting from the formation of Fe4+/oxygen ion and Fe3+/oxygen vacancy aggregation sites along the degraded anode and cathode interfaces, respectively. We show that mixed Fe3+/Fe4+ states and structural strain gradients are generated across the color fronts. These results, as well as oxygen sublattice differences between the anodic and cathodic bulk, present the color front as an interface between two dominant oxygen bonding distortions. The strain near the color front shows a strong dependence on oxygen vacancy concentration and diffusion within the crystals. Our characterization of structural and electrochemical changes due to electric field‐induced strain and oxygen vacancy migration advances knowledge of electrodegradation in perovskite‐based titanate single crystals.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
Evidence shows that genetic and non-genetic risk factors for breast cancer (BC) differ relative to the molecular subtype. This analysis aimed to investigate associations between ...epidemiological risk factors and immunohistochemical subtypes in a cohort of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive BC patients.
Methods
The prospective, single-arm, multicenter phase IV PreFace study (Evaluation of Predictive Factors Regarding the Effectivity of Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy) included 3529 postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive early BC. Data on their epidemiological risk factors were obtained from patients’ diaries and their medical histories. Data on estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 receptor status were obtained from pathology reports. Patients with incomplete information were excluded. Data were analyzed using conditional inference regression analysis, analysis of variance, and the chi-squared test.
Results
In a cohort of 3392 patients, the strongest association with the molecular subtypes of BC was found for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) before diagnosis of early BC. The analysis showed that patients who took HRT at diagnosis had luminal A-like BC more often (83.7%) than those who had never taken HRT or had stopped taking it (75.5%). Luminal B-like BC and HER2-positive BC were diagnosed more often in women who had never taken HRT or had stopped taking it (13.3% and 11.2%, respectively) than in women who were taking HRT at diagnosis of BC (8.3% and 8.0%, respectively).
Conclusions
This analysis shows an association between HRT and the distribution of molecular subtypes of BC. However, no associations between other factors (e.g., age at diagnosis, body mass index, smoking status, age at menopause, number of deliveries, age at first delivery, breastfeeding history, or family history) were noted.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary
Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare congenital noninheritable phacomatosis characterized by large and/or numerous cutaneous congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) in combination with ...melanocytic leptomeningeal tumours. Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM) consists of a cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle communicating with the posterior fossa, and a high insertion of the tentorium and hypoplasia/aplasia of the cerebellar vermis (partially caused by Zic1+/−Zic 4+/− on 3q2). An association of NCM and DWM is very rare, with only 15 previously reported cases to our knowledge. We present an 8‐year‐old girl with multiple CMN and DWM. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed when she was 1 day old. Her neurological symptoms to date comprise headaches, nausea and vomiting as a result of ventriculoperitoneal shunt dislocation at the age of 4 years. The diagnosis is provisional asymptomatic multiple CMN‐type NCM in association with DWM.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The PERCIVAL ("Pixelated Energy Resolving CMOS Imager, Versatile and Large") is a collaboration of DESY, RAL/STFC, ELETTRA, and DLS to develop a monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) to provide a ...suitable detector for photon science for the photon energy regime between 250 eV and 1 keV. An important performance parameter is the spatial resolution which can be inferred from the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). The MTF measures in optical systems the relative contrast of a pattern in function of the spatial frequency. With a back-thinned and back-illuminated PERCIVAL prototype chip, dedicated MTF evaluation data were taken at Elettra's TwinMic Beamline in March 2014 at a photon energy of 535 eV. We will present our MTF derivation approaches together with MTF results for 3 pixel types of the irradiated test sensor.
Nineteen species of Bebryce are re-described and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sclerites presented. For B. sulfurea Grasshoff, 2000, this is the first time SEM images of sclerites are ...presented. Two new species are described, Bebryce asteria n. sp. and B. cofferi n. sp., and B. stellata Hentschel, 1903 is synonymized with B. studeri Whitelegge, 1897. Bebryce acanthoides Thomson & Russell, 1910 is referred to Discogorgia Kükenthal, 1919. The status of the original type material is discussed.
Cell division is fundamental for living organisms, sustaining their growth and development.During cell division a single mother cell will duplicate its genome and organelles, and give riseto two ...independent entities that will eventually split apart in a tightly regulated process calledabscission or the final-cut. In multicellular organisms, newly born daughter cells split apart whilethey simultaneously need to maintain contact for intercellular communication. In this mini-review,I discuss this fascinating paradox of how cells across kingdoms combine the need to divide with theneed to connect.
La division cellulaire est fondamentale pour les organismes vivants, soutenant leur croissanceet leur développement. Au cours de la division cellulaire, une seule cellule mère va dupliquerson génome et ses organites, et donner naissance à deux entités indépendantes qui vont finalementse séparer dans un processus étroitement régulé appelé abscission ou la coupe finale. Chez les organismesmulticellulaires, les cellules filles nouvellement nées se séparent alors qu’elles doivent simultanémentmaintenir le contact pour établir une communication intercellulaire. Dans cette mini-revue,je discute de ce paradoxe fascinant qui montre comment les cellules de tous les règnes combinent lebesoin de se diviser avec le besoin de se connecter.
Intercellular communication plays a crucial role in the establishment of multicellular organisms by organizing and coordinating growth, development and defence responses. In plants, cell-to-cell ...communication takes place through nanometric membrane channels called plasmodesmata (PD). Understanding how PD dictate cellular connectivity greatly depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the molecular composition and the functional characterization of PD components. While proteomic and genetic approaches have been crucial to identify PD-associated proteins,
fluorescence microscopy combined with fluorescent protein tagging is equally crucial to visualise the subcellular localisation of a protein of interest and gain knowledge about their dynamic behaviour. In this protocol we describe in detail a robust method for quantifying the degree of association of a given protein with PD, through ratiometric fluorescent intensity using confocal microscopy. Although developed for
and
, this protocol can be adapted to other plant species.
Adjuvant endocrine therapy for 5 years is the standard adjuvant treatment for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer while the benefits of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy (EAET) beyond 5 years ...are still controversial. That controversy prompted this meta-analysis to compare 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy only versus EAET. Eligible 11 randomized, controlled trials comprising 29,000 women were included. EAET showed no advantage in overall survival (OS) from all causes mortality (odds ratio OR = 0.98 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.87–1.09);
P
= 0.67). On the other hand, compared with standard therapy, the pooled effects showed that EAET was associated with improvement in breast cancer-specific survival (OR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.79–0.96;
P
= 0.004), disease-free survival (DFS) (OR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.75–0.99;
P
= 0.002), disease recurrence (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.64–0.90;
P
= 0.001), and contralateral breast recurrence (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.59–0.93;
P
= 0.008). Improvement in DFS or disease recurrence was not shown in studies that compared 5 years of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen beyond 5 years. Subgroup analysis showed that EAET conferred more benefit for patients with positive lymph nodes. Rates of positive lymph nodes, the study size, and the median duration of follow-up were identified as variables that explained most of the demonstrated data heterogeneity. EAET should be considered as a preferred strategy for high-risk hormone-positive early breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes; however, the benefit on OS could not be demonstrated.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective
To evaluate the association of short-term variation (STV) and Doppler parameters with adverse perinatal outcome in low-risk fetuses at term.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of 1008 ...appropriate–for-gestational age (AGA) term fetuses. Doppler measurements umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and computerized CTG (cCTG) with STV analysis were performed prior to active labor (≤ 4 cm cervical dilatation) within 72 h of delivery. The association between Doppler indices and STV values with adverse perinatal outcome was analyzed using univariate regression analysis.
Results
No significant association between Doppler parameters and the need for secondary cesarean delivery (CD) or operative vaginal delivery (OVD) was shown. Regarding fetuses delivered by CD due to fetal distress, regression analyzes revealed significantly higher UA PI MoM. However, the differences in MCA PI MoM and CPR MoM were not statistically significant. Fetuses with the need for emergency CD showed significantly higher UA PI MoM, lower MCA PI MoM and lower CPR MoM. Neonates with a 5-min Apgar score < 7 had significantly lower MCA PI MoM and neonatal acidosis (UA pH ≤ 7.10) showed a significant association with UA PI MoM. None of the assessed outcome parameters were significantly associated to STV.
Conclusion
Doppler indices assessed close to delivery in low-risk fetuses at term show a moderate association with adverse outcome parameters, whereas STV does not appear to predict poor perinatal outcome in this group of fetuses.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The exchange interaction for the yellow 1S orthoexciton in Cu2O is derived up to the order K2. The resulting exchange splittings are verified experimentally using high resolution spectroscopy. In ...agreement with theory the fine structure shows a characteristic dependence on the direction of the wave vector.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
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