We report 1000-transistor-level monolithic circuit integration of sub-30-nm gate-recessed E/D GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with Formula Omitted and Formula Omitted above 300 GHz. ...Simultaneous Formula Omitted of 348/340 and 302/301 GHz for E- and D-mode devices, respectively, was measured, representing a 58% increase in Formula Omitted compared with our previous report, due to improved management of RC parasitic delay. Three-terminal E- and D-mode breakdown voltage of 10.7 and 11.8 V, respectively, is limited by gate-drain breakdown.
We report 1000-transistor-level monolithic circuit integration of sub-30-nm gate-recessed E/D GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with fT and f max above 300 GHz. Simultaneous fT / f max of ...348/340 and 302/301 GHz for E- and D-mode devices, respectively, was measured, representing a 58% increase in fT compared with our previous report, due to improved management of RC parasitic delay. Three-terminal E- and D-mode breakdown voltage of 10.7 and 11.8 V, respectively, is limited by gate-drain breakdown.
Large language models (LLMs) are useful tools with the capacity for performing specific types of knowledge work at an effective scale. However, LLM deployments in high-risk and safety-critical ...domains pose unique challenges, notably the issue of ``hallucination,'' where LLMs can generate fabricated information. This is particularly concerning in settings such as drug safety, where inaccuracies could lead to patient harm. To mitigate these risks, we have developed and demonstrated a proof of concept suite of guardrails specifically designed to mitigate certain types of hallucinations and errors for drug safety, and potentially applicable to other medical safety-critical contexts. These guardrails include mechanisms to detect anomalous documents to prevent the ingestion of inappropriate data, identify incorrect drug names or adverse event terms, and convey uncertainty in generated content. We integrated these guardrails with an LLM fine-tuned for a text-to-text task, which involves converting both structured and unstructured data within adverse event reports into natural language. This method was applied to translate individual case safety reports, demonstrating effective application in a pharmacovigilance processing task. Our guardrail framework offers a set of tools with broad applicability across various domains, ensuring LLMs can be safely used in high-risk situations by eliminating the occurrence of key errors, including the generation of incorrect pharmacovigilance-related terms, thus adhering to stringent regulatory and quality standards in medical safety-critical environments.
1-Benzoylacetone
1
was dilithiated with lithium diisopropylamide or lithium hexamethyl-disilazide, and the resulting dianion type intermediate
1a
was condensed with (lithium) 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, ...4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, or 4-chlorobenzaldehyde to afford hydroxyl-β-diketones that were not isolated but underwent linear dehydration to afford products, (2
Z
,4
E
)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one
2
C
17
H
14
O
3
; (2
Z
,4
E
)-5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one
3
C
19
H
19
NO
2
; and (2
Z
,4
E
)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one
4
C
17
H
13
ClO
2
. Crystals of C
17
H
14
O
3
2
are orthorhombic,
Pna
2
1
,
a
= 20.937(4) Å,
b
= 11.683(3) Å,
c
= 5.490(1) Å,
Z
= 4,
V
= 1343.1(5) Å
3
,
R
1
= 0.0478 and
wR
2
= 0.1143 for reflections with
I
> 2σ(
I
); crystals of C
19
H
19
NO
2
3
are monoclinic,
P
2
1
/
c
,
a
= 16.637(3) Å,
b
= 10.736(2) Å,
c
= 9.197(1) Å, β = 105.670(5)°,
Z
= 4,
V
= 1581.7(5) Å
3
,
R
1
= 0.0609 and
wR
2
= 0.1491 for reflections with
I
> 2σ(
I
); crystals of C
17
H
13
ClO
2
4
are monoclinic,
P
2
1
/
c
,
a
= 31.574(6) Å,
b
= 5.780(1) Å,
c
= 7.423(2) Å, β = 94.47(3)°,
Z
= 4,
V
= 1350.5(5) Å
3
,
R
1
= 0.0696 and
wR
2
= 0.2423 for reflections with
I
> 2σ(
I
).
Graphical Abstract
X-ray crystal analysis was essential for identifying which tautomer resulted from the condensation-elimination of dilithiated 1-benzoylacetone with select substituted benzaldehydes to form curcumin analogs, (2
Z
,4
E
)-5-(4-substituted phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ones. Each crystalline compound showed the same curcumin-enol bonding structural features.
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New information is reported on single-neutron states above the doubly closed-shell nucleus 132Sn. A radioactive ion beam of 134Te(N = 82) at 565 MeV and a stable ion beam of 136Xe(N = 82) at 560 MeV ...were used to study single-neutron states in the N = 83 nuclei 135Te and 137Xe, respectively, by (13C, 12C ) and (9Be, Be ) direct reactions in inverse kinematics. Particle- and particle- - coincidence measurements using HPGe and CsI arrays allowed determination of decay paths, high-precision level energies, multipolarities of transitions, and relative cross sections. One-neutron transfer with heavy ions is employed to gain selectivity to both low- and high-spin single-neutron states above the N = 82 shell closure. Results are presented for the 13/2+ states in the N = 83 nuclei 135Te and 137Xe at 2108.8(9) keV and 1752.6(3) keV, respectively, and for the 3 collective octupole state observed at 3749(5) keV in 134Te(N = 82) inelastic scattering, all previously unknown. While the 13/2+ state (or 1i13/2 centroid) in 133Sn(Z = 50, N = 83) remains unknown, the present results provide the best empirical measure of its energy available to date.
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