Abstract The debates over the requirement of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) for a viable specimen to represent the name-bearing type material for a ...species or infraspecific taxon have a long history. Taxonomy of fungi commonly studied as living cultures exemplified by yeasts and moulds, strongly depend on viable reference material. The availability of viable cultures is also particularly useful for several groups of filamentous and dimorphic fungi. While the preservation of metabolically inactive cultures is permitted and recommended by the ICNafp, there is room for improvement. Below, we review the history and current status of cultures as the name-bearing type material under the Code . We also present a roadmap with tasks to be achieved in order to establish a stable nomenclatural system that properly manages taxa typified by viable specimens. Furthermore, we propose setting up rules and defining the nomenclatural status of ex-type cultures under Chapter F, the section of the ICNafp that includes provisions specific to names of fungi.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lathyrus tuberosus is a nitrogen-fixing member of the Fabaceae which forms protein-rich tubers. To aid future domestication programs for this legume plant and facilitate evolutionary studies of tuber ...formation, we have generated a draft genome assembly based on Pacific Biosciences sequence reads.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Soil yeasts are globally diverse. They are found in almost all soil types, and the structure of soil yeast communities reflects aboveground vegetation properties. Cultivation techniques have often ...been successfully employed to study yeasts in forest soils. However, few studies have addressed the variation of soil yeast communities in space and time; especially, structural dynamics at a forest site between different seasons is unknown. Here, we analyse the results from our field experiments performed in 2008 and 2009. We reassess species inventory data and identify potential new species. Using improved species lists, we estimate the rate of species recovery from beech forest soils with a particular focus on repeated sampling. Our analyses showed that the number of observed yeast species was steadily increasing after one, two and three samplings. The observed diversity was likely approaching saturation after four samplings. Additionally, we provide formal descriptions of new yeast species isolated from forest soils in Germany during these studies, as 30 % of the observed species represented undescribed taxa. The following taxonomic novelties are proposed:
Colacogloea demeterae
Yurkov, Schäfer & Begerow sp. nov. (MB 816166),
Slooffia velesii
Federici, Röhl & Begerow sp. nov. (MB 816165),
Hamamotoa cerberi
Yurkov, Schäfer & Begerow sp. nov. (MB 816164),
Hamamotoa telluris
Yurkov, Schäfer & Begerow sp. nov. (MB 816163),
Piskurozyma yama
Richter, Mittelbach & Begerow, sp. nov. (MB 816162),
Piskurozyma tuonelana
Lotze-Engelhard, Richter & Begerow sp. nov. (MB 816161),
Dioszegia dumuzii
Ebinghaus, Prior & Begerow sp. nov. (MB 816160), and
Chernovia houtui
Federici, Yurkov & Begerow gen. nov. et sp. nov. (MB 816158, MB 816159).
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The genus Quambalaria consists of plant-pathogenic fungi causing disease on leaves and shoots of species of Eucalyptus and its close relative, Corymbia. The phylogenetic relationship of Quambalaria ...spp., previously classified in genera such as Sporothrix and Ramularia, has never been addressed. It has, however, been suggested that they belong to the basidiomycete orders Exobasidiales or Ustilaginales. The aim of this study was thus to consider the ordinal relationships of Q. eucalypti and Q. pitereka using ribosomal LSU sequences. Sequence data from the ITS nrDNA were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the two Quambalaria species together with Fugomyces (= Cerinosterus) cyanescens. In addition to sequence data, the ultrastructure of the septal pores of the species in question was compared. From the LSU sequence data it was concluded that Quambalaria spp. and F. cyanescens form a monophyletic clade in the Microstromatales, an order of the Ustilaginomycetes. Sequences from the ITS region confirmed that Q. pitereka and Q. eucalypti are distinct species. The ex-type isolate of F. cyanescens, together with another isolate from Eucalyptus in Australia, constitute a third species of Quambalaria, Q. cyanescens (de Hoog & G.A. de Vries) Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer comb. nov. Transmission electron-microscopic studies of the septal pores confirm that all three Quambalaria spp. have dolipores with swollen lips, which differ from other members of the Microstromatales (i.e. the Microstromataceae and Volvocisporiaceae) that have simple pores with more or less rounded pore lips. Based on their unique ultrastructural features and the monophyly of the three Quambalaria spp. in the Microstromatales, a new family, Quambalariaceae Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer fam. nov., is described.
Taxonomic novelties:Quambalariaceae Z.W. de Beer, Begerow& R. Bauer fam. nov., Quambalaria cyanescens (de Hoog & G.A. de Vries) Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer comb. nov.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Worldwide, the environmental nitrate (NO
3
−
) problem is increasingly coming into focus. These increases in NO
3
−
concentration result mainly from agricultural inputs and are further exacerbated by ...decreasing and finite geogenic NO
3
−
degradation capacity in aquifers. Thus, treatment methods are becoming more and more important. In this study, the effects of enhanced denitrification with addition of organic carbon (C) on thereby autochthonous occurring microbiology and compared at room temperature as well as 10 °C were investigated. Incubation of bacteria and fungi was carried out using natural sediments without degradation capacity and groundwater with high NO
3
−
concentrations. Addition of the four applied substrates (acetate, glucose, ascorbic acid, and ethanol) results in major differences in microbial community. Cooling to 10 °C changes the microbiology again. Relative abundances of bacteria are strongly influenced by temperature, which is probably the explanation for different denitrification rates. Fungi are much more sensitive to the milieu change with organic C. Different fungi taxa preferentially occur at one of the two temperature approaches. Major modifications of the microbial community are mainly observed whose denitrification rates strongly depend on the temperature effect. Therefore, we assume a temperature optimum of enhanced denitrification specific to each substrate, which is influenced by the microbiology.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The ecological significance of fungi occurring asymptomatically inside living plant leaves is poorly understood. Given the broad saprotrophic potential of many endophytic fungi, we hypothesized that ...they persist in decaying litter for an extended period of time after leaf abscission. Fungal assemblages were assessed by high-throughput sequencing in autumn leaves of beech (
Fagus sylvatica
) and in the corresponding leaf litter in 388 samples from 22 beech forest plots in three widely distant regions of Germany. A considerable proportion of the leaf-endophytic fungi was also found in 1-year-old litter. Co-occurrence networks revealed that the fungi formed unstructured assemblages inside the living leaves, rather than well-structured communities. Previously endophytic fungi constituted an integral part of the fungal litter community and were by far the most active fungi in 1-year-old litter. We therefore consider these endophytic occurrences to represent transient stages. Composition of the aboveground microbiome appears therefore to be closely connected to the process of litter decomposition. Considering the respective linked fungal habitat will facilitate predicting nutrient and carbon cycling and storage in forest ecosystems as well as elucidating the ecology of leaf microbiomes.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A new smut fungus, Entyloma eranthidis on Eranthis longistipitata from Uzbekistan, revealed by molecular, morphological, and ecological evidence, is described and illustrated. It differs from all ...other species of Entyloma by host specialization on Eranthis
and by having longer (≤35(-38) μm) spores and thicker (≤10(-12) μm) spore walls. ITS rDNA sequence analysis indicates that the new species does not cluster with other species of Entyloma on Ranunculaceae.
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