Objective: In dentistry, systemic diseases are extremely important in terms of taking the required precautions for overall health and preventing complications before they emerge. Many clinicians are ...aware of the oral symptoms of systemic diseases; nevertheless, the major source of the problem must be addressed in order to limit the rate of misdiagnosis due to systemic origins and establish an appropriate treatment strategy. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between systemic diseases and dental health.
Methods: The study included 200 individuals, 100 women and 100 men, all between the ages of 25 and 75, who had at least one systemic disease. The patients’ medical records and panoramic radiography were examined. In the panoramic radiographs of the patients, the existence of existing teeth, caries, restorations, prostheses, and endodontic conditions were documented, taking into consideration the presence of systemic disorders, gender, and age of the patients.
Results: Caries rates were significantly higher in the 25-40 age group (43.3%) than in the 41-60 age group (20.7%) (p0.05). The prevalence of prosthesis was statistically significantly greater in patients with cardiovascular disease (64.3%) than in patients without cardiovascular disease (47.7%) (p
Cardiac motion results in image artefacts and quantification errors in many cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques, including microstructural assessment using diffusion tensor ...cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT‐CMR). Here, we develop a CMR‐compatible isolated perfused porcine heart model that allows comparison of data obtained in beating and arrested states. Ten porcine hearts (8/10 for protocol optimisation) were harvested using a donor heart retrieval protocol and transported to the remote CMR facility. Langendorff perfusion in a 3D‐printed chamber and perfusion circuit re‐established contraction. Hearts were imaged using cine, parametric mapping and STEAM DT‐CMR at cardiac phases with the minimum and maximum wall thickness. High potassium and lithium perfusates were then used to arrest the heart in a slack and contracted state, respectively. Imaging was repeated in both arrested states. After imaging, tissue was removed for subsequent histology in a location matched to the DT‐CMR data using fiducial markers. Regular sustained contraction was successfully established in six out of 10 hearts, including the final five hearts. Imaging was performed in four hearts and one underwent the full protocol, including colocalised histology. The image quality was good and there was good agreement between DT‐CMR data in equivalent beating and arrested states. Despite the use of autologous blood and dextran within the perfusate, T2 mapping results, DT‐CMR measures and an increase in mass were consistent with development of myocardial oedema, resulting in failure to achieve a true diastolic‐like state. A contiguous stack of 313 5‐μm histological sections at and a 100‐μm thick section showing cell morphology on 3D fluorescent confocal microscopy colocalised to DT‐CMR data were obtained. A CMR‐compatible isolated perfused beating heart setup for large animal hearts allows direct comparisons of beating and arrested heart data with subsequent colocalised histology, without the need for onsite preclinical facilities.
A cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)‐compatible isolated perfused beating porcine heart model was developed that allows direct comparison of data acquired in multiple states of contraction between the beating and arrested heart. We describe the development of this model, its successes and failures, including the presence of oedema in the hearts. In this study, microstructural measures were obtained from the porcine hearts using diffusion tensor CMR in the most and least contracted states with subsequent colocalised histology.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
There are various studies for the development of graphene supported platinum (Pt/graphene) as the electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, however, a few of them confirmed ...the fuel cell performance. We demonstrate here a comprehensive overview on synthesis, characterization and fuel cell performance of Pt/graphene electrocatalysts. In our study, Pt nanoparticles were anchored onto graphene oxide (GO), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and thermally reduced GO (TRGO) by several impregnation-reduction methods including ethylene glycol reflux, sodium borohydride reduction and ascorbic acid reduction. The most promising results in terms of Pt dispersion, particle size, and electrocatalytic activity were obtained with ethylene glycol reflux and GO as the support material. The maximum power density of 320 mW cm−2 (40% higher than that of Pt/Vulcan XC-72) was achieved for Pt/r-GO with a Pt loading of 0.25 mg cm−2. Moreover, PEM fuel cell performance of Pt/GNP is presented for the first time in literature.
•GO, GNP and TRGO as Pt support were compared in terms of PEM fuel cell performance.•Pt/graphene types were compared in terms of particle size, dispersion and activity.•Fuel cell performance of GNP is presented for the first time in literature.•Two different Pt precursors are also compared with ex-situ characterizations.•Pt/r-GO achieved better performance than Vulcan XC-72 at all current densities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this study, wet-laying process, mostly used in pulp and paper industry, was employed for the fabrication of composite gas diffusion layers (GDLs) for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. ...Cellulose fiber-based composite GDL was manufactured without using polluting, volatile organic compounds so that a green and environmentally friendly process was utilized. Fabricated cellulose-based composite GDLs were characterized ex situ by resistivity, mechanical strength, and porosity measurements and investigation of their morphology by SEM. Carbon–cellulose fiber-based electrically conducting composite GDLs with excellent flexibility, uniformity, and porosity were achieved. Gas diffusion electrodes were prepared using electrospraying technique to provide high surface area and homogenous dispersion. Moreover, PEM fuel cell performance of the fabricated composite GDLs was investigated for the first time in literature.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Here, we report a novel electrode structure with graphene and graphene–carbon black hybrids by electrospraying for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. After syntheses of platinum (Pt)/partially ...reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Pt/r-GO/carbon black (CB) hybrid electrocatalysts, suspensions of synthesized electrocatalyst inks were prepared with Nafion
®
ionomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride-
co
-hexafluoropropylene) and electrosprayed over carbon paper to form electrodes. Electrosprayed catalyst layer exhibited uniform and small size Pt distribution. As the graphene content increases micrometer-sized droplet, pore formation and surface roughness of the electrode increase. Thus, an open porous electrode structure which is favorable for mass transport is achieved by electrospraying. The maximum power densities, 324 mW cm
−2
for Pt/rGO and 441 mW cm
−2
for Pt/rGO/CB electrosprayed electrodes, were achieved at a relatively low catalyst loading.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background: The consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: We hypothesized that the ...metabolic effects of fructose in sugary beverages might be modulated by the speed of ingestion in addition to the overall amount. Design: Thirty healthy subjects free of any disease and medication were recruited into two groups. After overnight fasting, subjects in group 1 drank 500 mL of apple juice over an hour by drinking 125 mL every 15 min, while subjects in group 2 drank 500 mL of apple juice over 5 min. Blood samples were collected at time zero and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after ingestion to be analyzed for serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) score, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate, uric acid, and phosphate levels. Results: Serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fibroblast growth factor 21, copeptin, osmolarity, sodium, BUN, and lactate levels increased following apple juice ingestion. The increases were greater in the fast-drinking group, which were more significant after 15 min and 30 min compared to baseline. The changes in uric acid were not statistically different between the groups. Phosphate levels significantly increased only in the fast-drinking group. Conclusion: Fast ingestion of 100% apple juice causes a significantly greater metabolic response, which may be associated with negative long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that the rate of ingestion must be considered when evaluating the metabolic impacts of sweetened beverage consumption.
Background and Aims
Influenza virus is one of the leading infections causing death among human being. Despite known risks, primary immune deficiency due to Interferon Regulatory Factor‐7 (IRF7) gene ...defect was reported as a possible cause of the risk factors for complicated influenza. We aimed to investigate the changes in peripheral T and B cell subsets in adult patients with severe seasonal influenza virus infection and the investigation of variants of IRF7 gene.
Methods
In this study, 32 patients, hospitalized due to influenza infection‐related acute respiratory failure were included.
Results
The median age of the patients was 76 years (26‐96), and 13/32 (40.6%) were in the intensive care unit. Central memory Th, effector memory Th, TEMRA Th, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), central memory CTL of the patients were found to be increased, naive CTL were decreased. There was a significant increase in the percentage of effector memory Th, and a decrease in the percentage of naive CTL in patients ≥65 years‐old compared to patients <65 years old (P = .039, and P = .017, respectively). IRF7 gene analysis revealed two different nucleotide changes in three patients; c.535 A > G; p.Lys179Glu (K179E) and c584A > T; p.His195Leu (H195L), located in the fourth exon of the IRF7 gene.
Discussion
The increases in central and effector memory Th, central memory CTL and decrease of naive CTLs may be secondary to the virus infection. K179E (rs1061502) and H195L (rs139709725) variants were not reported to be related with susceptibility to an infection yet. It is conceivable to investigate for novel variants in other genes related to antiviral immunity.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The article “Electrosprayed catalyst layers based on graphene–carbon black hybrids for the next-generation fuel cell electrodes,” written by Lale Işıkel Şanlı, Begüm Yarar, Vildan Bayram, and Selmiye ...Alkan Gürsel, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on October 25, 2016, without open access.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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