The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Education and Public Outreach (E/PO) program serves as a pipeline of activities to inspire and educate a broad audience about Heliophysics and the Sun-Earth ...system, specifically the Van Allen Radiation Belts. The program is comprised of a variety of formal, informal and public outreach activities that all align with the NASA Education Portfolio Strategic Framework outcomes. These include lesson plans and curriculum for use in the classroom, teacher workshops, internship opportunities, activities that target underserved populations, collaboration with science centers and NASA visitors’ centers and partnerships with experts in the Heliophysics and education disciplines. This paper will detail the activities that make up the RBSP E/PO program, their intended audiences, and an explanation as to how they align with the NASA education outcomes. Additionally, discussions on why these activities are necessary as part of a NASA mission are included. Finally, examples of how the RBSP E/PO team has carried out some of these activities will be discussed throughout.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is a hyperspectral imager on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft. CRISM consists of three subassemblies, a gimbaled ...Optical Sensor Unit (OSU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), and the Gimbal Motor Electronics (GME). CRISM's objectives are (1) to map the entire surface using a subset of bands to characterize crustal mineralogy, (2) to map the mineralogy of key areas at high spectral and spatial resolution, and (3) to measure spatial and seasonal variations in the atmosphere. These objectives are addressed using three major types of observations. In multispectral mapping mode, with the OSU pointed at planet nadir, data are collected at a subset of 72 wavelengths covering key mineralogic absorptions and binned to pixel footprints of 100 or 200 m/pixel. Nearly the entire planet can be mapped in this fashion. In targeted mode the OSU is scanned to remove most along‐track motion, and a region of interest is mapped at full spatial and spectral resolution (15–19 m/pixel, 362–3920 nm at 6.55 nm/channel). Ten additional abbreviated, spatially binned images are taken before and after the main image, providing an emission phase function (EPF) of the site for atmospheric study and correction of surface spectra for atmospheric effects. In atmospheric mode, only the EPF is acquired. Global grids of the resulting lower data volume observations are taken repeatedly throughout the Martian year to measure seasonal variations in atmospheric properties. Raw, calibrated, and map‐projected data are delivered to the community with a spectral library to aid in interpretation.
The STEREO mission’s Education and Outreach (E/PO) program began early enough its team benefited from many lessons learned as NASA’s E/PO profession matured. Originally made up of discrete programs, ...by launch the STEREO E/PO program had developed into a quality suite containing all the program elements now considered standard: education workshops, teacher/student guides, national and international collaboration, etc. The benefit of bringing so many unique programs together is the resulting diverse portfolio, with scientists, E/PO professionals, and their education partners all of whom can focus on excellent smaller programs. The drawback is a less cohesive program nearly impossible to evaluate in its entirety with the given funding. When individual components were evaluated, we found our programs mostly made positive impact. In this paper, we elaborate on the programs, hoping that others will effectively use or improve upon them. When possible, we indicate the programs’ effects on their target audiences.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Water-soluble poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (poly(OEGMA)) with various main chain and side chain lengths were grafted to polyurethane (PU) surface by surface-initiated atom transfer ...radical graft polymerization (s-ATRgP). The polymer main chain length was varied by varying the molar ratio of monomer to free initiator in solution (typically 5:1, 50:1, 100:1). Three different side chain lengths were obtained using different OEGMA monomers (MW 300, 475, 1100
g/mol). Water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the modified PU surfaces. The respective effects of poly(OEGMA) main chain and side chain lengths on fibrinogen (Fg) and lysozyme (Lys) adsorption were investigated in single protein systems at room temperature in TBS, pH 7.4. The poly(OEGMA)-grafted PU surfaces were found to be highly protein-resistant, with reductions of Fg and Lys adsorption in the range of 84–98% and 67–91%, respectively, compared to the unmodified PU surface. The adsorption of both proteins decreased with increasing poly(OEGMA) main chain length for a given side chain length (number of EO units). For a given main chain length, the Fg adsorption level did not change significantly with increasing side chain length. However, Lys adsorption increased with increasing side chain length, possibly due to decreasing graft density as monomer size and footprint on the surface increase. Adsorption resistance was generally greater for the bigger protein.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The Laboratory's education and public outreach (E/PO) campaign, "TIMED: A Mission to Explore One of the Last Frontiers in Earth's Atmosphere," was developed to fulfill two missions: (1) NASA's ...requirement that E/PO is to be a significant component of agency-supported activities and (2) APL's commitment to education. Both NASA and the Laboratory believe that they have an important role in enhancing the space science knowledge of students teachers and the general public. This article presents the many avenues used by APL to inspire students of all ages to learn about and become involved in the exploration of space.
A generalized Finson-Probstein formalism was used to analyze the streamer patterns in the dust tail of Comet Halley as observed between 22 February and 11 March, 1986. A periodic appearance of a ...pattern of double streamers was found in the dust tail, indicating a time interval in the emission of these structures of about 6.5 days, if interpreted as synchrones. The time interval between the emission of the two components of each double streamer is about 2.5 days. The results are discussed with respect to the rotation of Halley's nucleus. (Author)
Canine hematopoietic progenitor cells were characterized by separation with monoclonal antibodies. Depleted and enriched fractions were studied for growth of CFU-GM in semisolid agar and for ...repopulating capacity of lethally irradiated dogs. CFU growth was not reduced by depletion of marrow using monoclonal antibodies F 3-20-7 (anti-dog Thy-1), MT606 (anti-human CD 6), and IOT2a (anti-human DR). CFU growth was variable following treatment with the anti-canine T-cell antibody MdT-P 1 and immunomagnetic bead separation. It was regularly enriched when MdT-P 1 treatment was followed by immunorosetting with staphylococcal protein A-loaded sheep red blood cells and density gradient separation. Lethally irradiated dogs were reconstituted by autologous marrow depleted of MdT-P 1-positive cells using immunorosetting and density gradient centrifugation, whereas immunomagnetic bead-depleted marrow was ineffective. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed enrichment of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the weakly MdT-P 1-positive fraction.
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