The student-centered teaching paradigm focuses on students engaged in learning high-order skills. Pedagogical research results suggest that the use of active learning within a cooperative environment ...is the best way to obtain these skills. In this context, the use of the Internet for these educational purposes-a concept known as electronic learning-can eliminate the physical barriers to cooperative learning. However, the implementation of such an electronic learning environment is often attempted using ad-hoc strategies that considerably limit its final impact and applicability. This work demonstrates how to design cooperative learning activities on the Internet by using basic principles derived from contemporary pedagogical research results. These activities were successfully applied in the context of forums repeated twice in two years in an artificial neural networks laboratory belonging to an engineering program.
In order to understand the mechanical behaviour of Al2O3 inverse opals, nanoindentation techniques have been implemented in material layers with three different microstructures, in terms of hollow or ...polystyrene spheres, with Al2O3 shells of distinct wall thickness. Different indenter tip geometries as well as contact loading conditions have been used, in order to induce different stress field and fracture events to the layers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam have been employed to understand accommodation of plastic deformation induced during the indentation process. Results show that materials with polystyrene spheres exhibit higher hardness and modulus under sharp indentation, and cracking resistance under spherical indentation. Furthermore, deformation is discerned to be mainly governed by the rotation of the microspheres. In the case of the inverse opals made of hollow spheres, the main deformation mechanisms activated under indentation are the rearrangement and densification of them.
The study aimed to investigate Gen Z’s intentions to utilize the Waze mobile application as a solution for sustainable traffic management in Metro Manila. The extended technology acceptance model ...(TAM) was used to define user behavior and technology usage to determine the factors influencing Filipino drivers’ acceptance of the Waze application. The study utilized a survey given to 300 Filipino drivers travelling within the National Capital Region to accurately measure various factors and their connections to usage intention and actual use. The analytical approach used for this investigation was partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study’s data results revealed that system quality, perceived location accuracy, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use affect Gen Z’s intentions to use traffic navigation applications, particularly Waze. The study’s results can be applied as a theoretical framework for future researchers of Waze mobile applications, Waze route accuracy, and Waze overall application performance, as well as the features of the Waze application, to evaluate how the use of the Waze mobile application could help in the effective management of traffic situations in Metro Manila. The study assessed the effectiveness of the Waze navigation app as a platform for efficiently managing traffic situations in Metro Manila and highlighted the application performance of Waze and its acceptance by Gen Z users in Metro Manila. The study also highlighted the need a critical review of Waze’s application performance. The study recommends that similar future studies must consider samples from a more diverse geographic backgrounds to obtain a more accurate representation of Filipino users. Future researchers are also advised to adopt a qualitative research design to gain more detailed insights into Filipinos regarding their experience with the Waze application.
To determine the predictive value of the Shock Index and Modified Shock Index in patients with massive bleeding due to severe trauma.
Retrospective cohort.
Severe trauma patient's initial attention ...at the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital.
Patients older than 14 years that were admitted to the hospital with severe trauma (Injury Severity Score >15) form January 2014 to December 2015.
We studied the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive value (PV+ and PV-), positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR+ and LR-), ROC curves (Receiver Operating Characteristics) and the area under the same (AUROC) for prediction of massive hemorrhage.
287 patients were included, 76.31% (219) were male, mean age was 43,36 (±17.71) years and ISS was 26 (interquartile range IQR: 21-34). The overall frequency of massive bleeding was 8.71% (25). For Shock Index: AUROC was 0.89 (95% confidence intervals CI 0.84 to 0.94), with an optimal cutoff at 1.11, Se was 91.3% (95% CI: 73.2 to 97.58) and Sp was 79.69% (95% CI: 74.34 to 84.16). For the Modified Shock Index: AUROC was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.95), with an optimal cutoff at 1.46, Se was 95.65% (95% CI: 79.01 to 99.23) and Sp was 75.78% (95% CI: 70.18 to 80.62).
Shock Index and Modified Shock Index are good predictors of massive bleeding and could be easily incorporated to the initial workup of patients with severe trauma.
To validate the diagnostic ability of six different scores to predict massive bleeding in a prehospital setting.
Retrospective cohort.
Prehospital attention of patients with severe trauma.
Subjects ...with more than 15 years, a history of severe trauma (defined by code 15 criteria), that were initially assisted in a prehospital setting by the emergency services between January 2010 and December 2015 and were then transferred to a level one trauma center in Madrid.
To validate: 1. Trauma Associated Severe Haemorrhage Score. 2. Assessment of Blood Consumption Score. 3. Emergency Transfusión Score. 4. Índice de Shock. 5. Prince of Wales Hospital/Rainer Score. 6. Larson Score.
548 subjects were studied, 76,8% (420) were male, median age was 38 (interquartile range IQR: 27-50). Injury Severity Score was 18 (IQR: 9-29). Blunt trauma represented 82,5% (452) of the cases. Overall, frequency of MB was 9,2% (48), median intensive care unit admission days was 2,1 (IQR: 0,8 - 6,2) and hospital mortality rate was 11,2% (59). Emergency Transfusión Score had the highest precisions (AUC 0,85), followed by Trauma Associated Severe Haemorrhage score and Prince of Wales Hospital/Rainer Score (AUC 0,82); Assessment of Blood Consumption Score was the less precise (AUC 0,68).
In the prehospital setting the application of any the six scoring systems predicts the presence of massive hemorrhage and allows the activation of massive transfusion protocols while the patient is transferred to a hospital.
The introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) techniques has led to a new approach in thoracic surgery. VATS is performed by inserting a thoracoscope through a small incisions in the chest ...wall, thus maximizing the preservation of muscle and tissue. Because of its low rate of morbidity and mortality, VATS is currently the technique of choice in most thoracic procedures. Lung resection by VATS reduces prolonged air leaks, arrhythmia, pneumonia, postoperative pain and inflammatory markers. This reduction in postoperative complications shortens hospital length of stay, and is particularly beneficial in high-risk patients with low tolerance to thoracotomy. Compared with conventional thoracotomy, the oncological results of VATS surgery are similar or even superior to those of open surgery. This aim of this multidisciplinary position statement produced by the thoracic surgery working group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT), and the Spanish Association of Physiotherapy (AEF) is to standardize and disseminate a series of perioperative anaesthesia management guidelines for patients undergoing VATS lung resection surgery. Each recommendation is based on an in-depth review of the available literature by the authors. In this document, the care of patients undergoing VATS surgery is organized in sections, starting with the surgical approach, and followed by the three pillars of anaesthesia management: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative anaesthesia.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
There is a large family of contrast (or cost) functions in blind source separation that can yield learning algorithms for extracting single source signals from linear mixtures. One of these families ...is based on higher order statistics (HOSs), which assumes the statistical independence of source signals and their non-Gaussianity (all except one) in order to successfully extract them one by one. In cases in which source signals exhibit unit variance and the mixing matrix is orthonormal, many HOS contrast functions are equivalent (e.g., kurtosis, fourth cumulant, and fourth moment). However, these contrast functions are estimated in practice from a finite data set, which introduces stochastic errors, so their equivalence has remained uncertain. Our letter introduces error bounds for several sample-based HOS contrast functions, which demonstrate their dependence upon different source signal statistics and, thus, more importantly, provide a foundation for comparing them in terms of accuracy.
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