Elemental formula is commonly used in children with feeding intolerance. We describe two, medically complex and feeding tube dependent, patients exclusively fed with Neocate® who subsequently ...developed hypophosphatemic rickets. Both patients had gross motor decline and pain with physical touch. They were found to have low serum phosphorus, normal calcium, and vitamin D studies, with elevated alkaline phosphatase suggestive of nutritional hypophosphatemia. Both courses were complicated by hypocalcemia following formula change and phosphorus supplementation, highlighting the need for careful management of phosphate repletion in affected individuals. Diligent serial electrolyte monitoring as well as attention to bone health is needed in conjunction with elemental nutrition. Formula change led to restoration of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and radiographic improvement in these patients.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Cooper minimum (CM) has been studied using high harmonic generation solely in atoms. Here, we present detailed experimental and theoretical studies on the CM in molecules probed by high harmonic ...generation using a range of near-infrared light pulses from λ=1.3 to 1.8 μm. We demonstrate the CM to occur in CS(2) and CCl(4) at ~42 and ~40 eV, respectively, by comparing the high harmonic spectra with the known partial photoionization cross sections of different molecular orbitals, confirmed by theoretical calculations of harmonic spectra. We use CM to probe electron localization in Cl-containing molecules (CCl(4), CH(2)Cl(2), and trans-C(2)H(2)Cl(2)) and show that the position of the minimum is influenced by the molecular environment.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted) We report results of a study of doubly charmed baryons and charmed strange baryons. The analysis is performed using a 980 fb super(-1) ...data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e super(+)e super(-) collider. We search for doubly charmed baryons ... with the ... and ... final states. No significant signal is observed. We also search for two excited charmed strange baryons, Xi sub(c)(3055) super(+) and Xi sub(c)(3123) super(+) with the ... and ... final states. The Xi sub(c)(3055) super(+) signal is observed with a significance of 6.6 standard deviations including systematic uncertainty, while no signature of the Xi sub(c)(3123) super(+) is seen. We also study properties of the Xi sub(c)(2645) super(+) and measure a width of 2.6 + or - 0.2(stat) + or - 0.4(syst) MeV /c super(2), which is the first significant determination.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
•We demonstrate polarization sensitive rim formation around an ablation crater in silicon.•In n-type and intrinsic silicon, the rim height asymmetry is along laser polarization.•In p-type silicon, ...the rim height asymmetry is perpendicular to laser polarization.•Field enhancement during light-plasma interaction causes asymmetric energy deposition.•Motion of the molten material from the ablation center causes asymmetric rim formation.
We experimentally demonstrate formation of a sub-micron rim around femtosecond laser ablated crater on silicon whose height and width were sensitive to laser polarization. Except for circularly polarized light we show that the rim height and width were asymmetric – larger along the direction of the laser polarization for n-type and intrinsic silicon, while in p-type silicon the asymmetry was perpendicular. Polarization dependent rim formation is attributed to the transient light–plasma interaction that gives rise to local-field enhancements resulting in an asymmetric electron density and energy deposition. Picoseconds later when the electron energy is transferred to the lattice, the asymmetry is retained in the temperature distribution within the interaction region. The temperature distribution eventually leads to non-symmetric radial outward fluid motion of a thin layer of molten material from the centre of the ablation crater that subsequently re-solidifies on a nanosecond timescale.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The plate-like phase of Al2Cu necessitates a detailed understanding of the interface structure, which significantly governs the structural applications of AlCu alloys. Different from a metal/metal ...interface where only one stable interface exists, the metal eutectic composites possess multiple possible interfaces. Here, atomistic simulations were implemented to reveal a strong dependence of dislocation structure on the termination plane at the Al/Al2Cu hetero-interface. Different termination of Al2Cu phase at interfaces exhibited distinct atomic arrangements, leading to variations of γ -surface and ultimately dictate the dislocation structure. Among the four possible termination at Al2Cu (110) plane, two of them are stable in Al/Al2Cu hetero-interface, named as AlB-terminated and AlA2-terminated interfaces. The networks of misfit dislocations with different Burgers vectors of these two interfaces are also identified. Disregistry investigations of the interface showed that the misfit dislocation lines in AlB-terminated interface are curved while that in AlA2-terminated interface are straight. This is related to the relative interface energy between the stable coherent structures. These dislocation networks in turn have a bearing on the mechanical response of interfaces, as manifested by the different nucleation mechanisms of lattice dislocations. Although this work is performed on a particular Al/Al2Cu, the commonalities also exist in other eutectic composites. The detailed correlation between the interface structure and termination at metal-intermetallic interface has been recognized for the first time, which could offer novel avenues for fine-tuning eutectic composites with enhanced properties.
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•Dislocation structures in Al/Al2Cu heterointerfaces are contingent on the termination at the interface.•The variation in stable coherent interface structures in different interfaces is related to the atomic stacking.•Interface termination strongly influences the dislocation nucleation mechanism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
For decades, chemotherapy has been the mainstay of breast cancer treatment. Novel therapies are expanding the therapeutic options and altering the treatment algorithms to manage this ...disease. The use and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a few areas of progress. These therapies initially gained attention in the metastatic setting but have subsequently found a role in early-stage breast cancer. Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is at the center of ADC development, other surface antigens with a differential expression between tumor and normal cells may be appropriate for ADC targeting. This has led to the discovery of new ADCs targeting other receptors, including TROP-2, HER-3, and LIV-1, to name a few. Similarly, the addition of pembrolizumab in treating early-stage triple-negative breast cancer has led to exploring other ICIs in this setting. However, it has also raised important scientific questions regarding optimal patient selection, biomarkers that predict the success of ICIs, ideal chemotherapy partners, and the financial implications of bringing newer therapies to the forefront. In this review, we discuss the evolving landscape of ICIs and ADCs in managing early-stage breast cancer and provide an overview of potential future advancement in the field.
This review reports on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates to manage early-stage breast cancer and provides an overview of potential future advancement in the field.
Purpose This study was carried out to formulate poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles using a quaternary ammonium salt didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DMAB) and checking their utility ...to deliver paclitaxel by oral route. Methods Particles were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion evaporation method. DMAB and particles stabilized with it were evaluated by MTT and LDH cytotoxicity assays. Paclitaxel was encapsulated in these nanoparticles and evaluated in a chemical carcinogenesis model in Sprague Dawley rats. Results MTT and LDH assays showed the surfactant to be safe to in vitro cell cultures at concentrations <33 μM. PLGA nanoparticles prepared using this stabilizer were also found to be non-toxic to cell lines for the duration of the study. When administered orally to rats bearing chemically induced breast cancer, nanoparticles were equally effective/better than intravenous paclitaxel in cremophor EL at 50% lower dose. Conclusions This study proves the safety and utility of DMAB in stabilizing preformed polymers like PLGA resulting in nanoparticles. This preliminary data provides a proof of concept of enabling oral chemotherapy by efficacy enhancement for paclitaxel.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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