Tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to uncover the differences in immune phenotypes of TME in endometrial cancer (EC) using Uterine Corpus Endometrial ...Carcinoma (UCEC) cohort and explore the prognostic significance. We employed GVSA enrichment analysis to cluster The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) EC samples into immune signature cluster modelling, evaluated immune cell profiling in UCEC cohort (n = 538) and defined four immune subtypes of EC. Next, we analysed the correlation between immune subtypes and clinical data including patient prognosis. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of immunomodulators and DNA methylation modification. The profiles of immune infiltration in TCGA UCEC cohort showed significant difference among four immune subtypes of EC. Among each immune subtype, natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+T cells were significantly associated with EC patients survival. Each immune subtype exhibited specific molecular classification, immune cell characterization and immunomodulators expression. Moreover, the expression immunomodulators were significantly related to DNA methylation level. In conclusion, the identification of immune subtypes in EC tissues could reveal unique immune microenvironments in EC and predict the prognosis of EC patients.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Silicon‐containing compounds are widely used as synthetic building blocks, functional materials, and bioactive reagents. In particular, silyl radicals are important intermediates for the synthesis ...and transformation of organosilicon compounds. Herein, we describe the first protocol for the generation of silyl radicals by photoinduced decarboxylation of silacarboxylic acids, which can be easily prepared in high yield on a gram scale and are very stable to air and moisture. Irradiation of silacarboxylic acids with blue LEDs (455 nm) in the presence of a commercially available photocatalyst releases silyl radicals, which can further react with various alkenes to give the corresponding silylated products in good‐to‐high yields with broad functional‐group compatibility. This reaction proceeds in the presence of water, enabling efficient deuterosilylation of alkenes with D2O as the deuterium source. Germyl radicals were similarly obtained.
Generation of silyl radicals by photoinduced decarboxylation of silacarboxylic acids is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of a commercially available photocatalyst with broad functional‐group compatibility. This reaction could also be performed in the presence of water, enabling the use of D2O as the deuteration reagent. Germyl radicals were similarly obtained.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this tutorial review, we will summarize our recent efforts in transition metal-catalyzed oxidative coupling
via
C-H functionalization of aromatic, benzylic and allylic C-H bonds. Related works ...from other laboratories will be cited where suitable, aiming to give the readers a flavor of this field. Special emphasis is placed on the reaction design and development.
Our recent developments in transition metal-catalyzed oxidative coupling
via
C-H functionalization of aromatic, benzylic and allylic C-H bonds is summarized.
To address the problem of low efficiency for manual detection in the defect detection field for metal shafts, we propose a deep learning defect detection method based on the improved YOLOv5 ...algorithm. First, we add a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) mechanism layer to the last layer of the backbone network to improve the feature extraction capability. Second, the neck network introduces the Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) module to replace the original Path-Aggregation Network (PAN) structure and enhance the multi-scale feature fusion. Finally, we use transfer learning to pre-train the model and improve the generalization ability of the model. The experimental results show that the method achieves an average accuracy of 93.6% mAP and a detection speed of 16.7 FPS for defect detection on the dataset, which can identify metal shaft surface defects quickly and accurately, and is of reference significance for practical industrial applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Rice leaf inclination is an important agronomic trait, closely related to plant architecture and yield. Identification of genes controlling leaf inclination would assist in crop improvement. Although ...various factors, including the plant hormones auxin and brassinosteroids, have been shown to regulate lamina joint development, the role of microRNAs in regulating leaf inclination remains largely unknown. Here, we functionally characterize the role of rice miR394 and its target, LEAF INCLINCATION 4 (LC4), which encodes an F‐box protein, in the regulation of leaf inclination. We show that miR394 and LC4 work, antagonistically, to regulate leaf lamina joint development and rice architecture, by modulating expansion and elongation of adaxial parenchyma cells. Suppressed expression of miR394, or enhanced expression of LC4, results in enlarged leaf angles, whereas reducing LC4 expression by CRISPR/Cas9 leads to reduced leaf inclination, suggesting LC4 as candidate for use in rice architecture improvement. LC4 interacts with SKP1, a component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and transcription of both miR394 and LC4 are regulated by auxin. Rice plants with altered expression of miR394 or LC4 have altered auxin responses, indicating that the miR394‐LC4 module mediates auxin effects important for determining rice leaf inclination and architecture.
As an important agronomic trait, leaf inclination closely relates to plant architecture and yield. Here we showed that rice microRNA (miR394) is regulated by auxin and functions antagonistically with F‐box protein LEAF INCLINATION 4 (LC4) to regulate leaf lamina joint development, and LC4 is a candidate for breeding rice with the ideal architecture.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Despite the advances in the area of catalytic alkene hydrosilylation, the enantioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes bearing a heteroatom substituent is scarce. Here we report a rhodium‐catalyzed ...hydrosilylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides to directly afford valuable α‐aminosilanes in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective manner. Stereodivergent synthesis could be achieved by regulating substrate geometry and ligand configuration to generate all the possible stereoisomers in high enantio‐purity.
A rhodium complex bearing a chiral phosphite ligand catalyzes the hydrosilylation of β,β‐disubstituted enamides to afford valuable α‐aminosilanes in a highly regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective manner. Stereodivergent synthesis is achieved by regulating substrate geometry and ligand enantiomer to generate all the possible stereoisomers in high enantio‐purity.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nitrogen is an essential element for sugarcane growth and development and is generally applied in the form of urea often much more than at recommended rates, causing serious soil degradation, ...particularly soil acidification, as well as groundwater and air pollution. In spite of the importance of nitrogen for plant growth, fewer reports are available to understand the application and biological role of N
fixing bacteria to improve N
nutrition in the sugarcane plant.
In this study, a total of 350 different bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples of the sugarcane plants. Out of these, 22 isolates were selected based on plant growth promotion traits, biocontrol, and nitrogenase activity. The presence and activity of the nifH gene and the ability of nitrogen-fixation proved that all 22 selected strains have the ability to fix nitrogen. These strains were used to perform 16S rRNA and rpoB genes for their identification. The resulted amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was constructed. Among the screened strains for nitrogen fixation, CY5 (Bacillus megaterium) and CA1 (Bacillus mycoides) were the most prominent. These two strains were examined for functional diversity using Biolog phenotyping, which confirmed the consumption of diverse carbon and nitrogen sources and tolerance to low pH and osmotic stress. The inoculated bacterial strains colonized the sugarcane rhizosphere successfully and were mostly located in root and leaf. The expression of the nifH gene in both sugarcane varieties (GT11 and GXB9) inoculated with CY5 and CA1 was confirmed. The gene expression studies showed enhanced expression of genes of various enzymes such as catalase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, chitinase and glucanase in bacterial-inoculated sugarcane plants.
The results showed that a substantial number of Bacillus isolates have N-fixation and biocontrol property against two sugarcane pathogens Sporisorium scitamineum and Ceratocystis paradoxa. The increased activity of genes controlling free radical metabolism may at least in part accounts for the increased tolerance to pathogens. Nitrogen-fixation was confirmed in sugarcane inoculated with B. megaterium and B. mycoides strains using N-balance and
N
isotope dilution in different plant parts of sugarcane. This is the first report of Bacillus mycoides as a nitrogen-fixing rhizobacterium in sugarcane.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, given the dependence of cancer cells on stromal support. Therefore, understanding how CAFs communicate with endometrial ...cancer cell in tumor environment is important for endometrial cancer therapy. Exosomes, which contain proteins and noncoding RNA, are identified as an important mediator of cell–cell communication. However, the function of exosomes in endometrial cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. In the current study we found that CAF‐derived exosomes significantly promoted endometrial cancer cell invasion comparing to those from normal fibroblasts (NFs). We identified a significant decrease of miR‐148b in CAFs and CAFs‐derived exosomes. By exogenously transfect microRNAs, we demonstrated that miR‐148b could be transferred from CAFs to endometrial cancer cell through exosomes. In vitro and in vivo studies further revealed that miR‐148b functioned as a tumor suppressor by directly binding to its downstream target gene, DNMT1 to suppress endometrial cancer metastasis. In endometrial cancer DNMT1 presented a potential role in enhancing cancer cell metastasis by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, downregulated miR‐148b induced EMT of endometrial cancer cell as a result of relieving the suppression of DNMT1. Taken together, these results suggest that CAFs‐mediated endometrial cancer progression is partially related to the loss of miR‐148b in the exosomes of CAFs and promoting the transfer of stromal cell‐derived miR‐148b might be a potential treatment to prevent endometrial cancer progression.
miR‐148b promotes endometrial cancer cell invasion and metastasis
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The optimal anticoagulant for end-stage renal disease patients for stroke prophylaxis is unknown. The efficacy and safety of warfarin in this population are debatable. In addition, real-world ...evidence of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with end-stage renal disease is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in Taiwanese patients with end-stage renal disease with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in a real-world setting.
This was a retrospective population-based cohort study conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and end-stage renal disease who started on rivaroxaban or warfarin between February 2013 and September 2017 were eligible to participate in the study. The inverse probability of treatment weighting approach was used to balance baseline characteristics. Bleeding and thromboembolic outcomes were compared using competing risk analyses. The study population consisted of 3358 patients (173 and 3185 patients on rivaroxaban and warfarin, respectively). In the rivaroxaban group, 50.8%, 38.7%, and 10.4% of the patients received 10, 15, and 20 mg of the drug, respectively. The cumulative incidence of major bleeding was similar between the two groups; however, the gastrointestinal bleeding rate was lower in the rivaroxaban group (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio SHR: 0.56, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.34-0.91) than in the warfarin group. Furthermore, the composite risk of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism was significantly lower in the rivaroxaban group (adjusted SHR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17-0.79). Similar findings were observed for patients who received 10 mg of rivaroxaban.
In Taiwanese patients with end-stage renal disease and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, rivaroxaban may be associated with a similar risk of major bleeding but a lower risk of thromboembolism compared with warfarin. The potential benefit of 10 mg of rivaroxaban in this population requires further investigation.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Step by step: Highly selective cross dehydrogenative arylation of acetanilides was developed to construct biaryls under mild condition. With this method, different aryl CH bonds were activated in ...sequential reactions to construct functionalized carbazoles (see scheme), which are present as key structural units in various biological molecules and organic optical materials.
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