In this work we study aluminium laser-fired contacts for intrinsic amorphous silicon layers deposited by Hot-Wire CVD. This structure could be used as an alternative low temperature back contact for ...rear passivated heterojunction solar cells. An infrared Nd:YAG laser (1064
nm) has been used to locally fire the aluminium through the thin amorphous silicon layers. Under optimized laser firing parameters, very low specific contact resistances (
ρ
c
∼
10
mΩ
cm
2) have been obtained on 2.8
Ω
cm p-type c-Si wafers. This investigation focuses on maintaining the passivation quality of the interface without an excessive increase in the series resistance of the device.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The result of N, P and P + N implantations performed at room temperature in 6H‐SiC has been comparatively evaluated. Using micro‐Raman spectroscopy we focus on the change in bulk LO‐phonon intensity ...as a function of ions and ion‐fluency. We find that the effective damage cross section for phosphorus is about 30% larger than the one for nitrogen. After annealing, good recovery is found but atomic force microscopy still evidences increased surface roughness.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim: Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been involved in the atherogenic process in the high-risk population. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that AGEs are related to subclinical ...atheromatous disease in subjects with low to moderate vascular risk.Methods: A cross-sectional study in which 2,568 non-diabetic subjects of both sexes without cardiovascular disease were included. Subcutaneous content of AGEs was assessed by skin autofluorescence (SAF) and subclinical atheromatous disease was measured by assessing the atheromatous plaque burden in carotid and femoral regions using ultrasonography. In addition, serum pentosidine, carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and AGE receptors (RAGE) were assessed in a nested case-control study with 41 subjects without plaque and 41 individuals subjects with generalized disease.Results: Patients with atheromatous plaque had a higher SAF than those with no plaque (1.9 1.7 to 2.3 vs. 1.8 1.6 to 2.1 arbitrary units (AU), p＜0.001). The SAF correlated with the total number of affected regions (r= 0.171, p＜0.001), increasing progressively from 1.8 1.6 to 2.1 AU in those without atheromatous disease to 2.3 1.9 to 2.7 AU in patients with ≥ 8 plaques (p＜0.001). A correlation was also observed between SAF and the total plaque area (r=0.113, p＜0.001). The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.65 (0.61 to 0.68) for identifying male subjects with atheromatous disease. The multivariable logistic regression model showed a significant and independent association between SAF and the presence of atheromatous disease. However, no significant differences in serum pentosidine, CML, and RAGE were observed.Conclusions: Increased subcutaneous content of AGEs is associated with augmented atheromatous plaque burden. Our results suggest that SAF may provide clinically relevant information to the current strategies for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk, especially among the male population.
This paper studies the passivation of industrially textured deep silicon emitters using amorphous silicon carbonitride layers in stack configuration, deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor ...deposition. With this technique, emitter saturation current density can be decreased to values around 250 fA middot cm -2 . As a consequence, open circuit voltages can be increased 25 mV achieving values around 640 mV.
This paper shows a baseline process to fabricate high efficiency solar cells that are based on the Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell solar cell concept. The idea is to define a very flexible process ...in order to see, for comparison, the benefits of introducing alternative fabrication steps. For instance, new structures based on laser firing contacts and rear passivation with deposited PECVD a-SiCx: H layers are planned to be fabricated following the baseline process outlined hereby. In its design, special attention is paid to the front metallization grid and rear point contact design. Preliminary results using Cz p-type 2.8 Omegaldrcm substrates yields photovoltaic efficiencies up to 18.6% in a 1 cm 2 cell with open circuit voltage of 628 mV and an outstanding photocurrent density of 39 mA/cm 2 . Efficiencies of about 21.5% are predicted for the improved devices.
Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.3) expression has been examined in an acellular protein-synthesizing system programmed with a plasmid DNA carrying thrS, infC, pheS, and pheT, the ...gene for threonyl-tRNA synthetase, initiation factor 3, and the two protomers of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.20), respectively. The initial rate of synthesis of L-35Smethionine-labeled threonyl-tRNA synthetase is markedly reduced by the addition of homogeneous RNase-free threonyl-tRNA synthetase to the assay, not by that of phenylanyl- or tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.1). The inhibition is 50% in the presence of 0.25 microM threonyl-tRNA synthetase and reaches 90% with 2 microM enzyme. Synthesis of mRNA in the acellular DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system has been measured by molecular hybridization to gene-specific lambda DNA probes corresponding to thrS, pheS, and pheT. The addition to the assay of 2 microM threonyl-tRNA synthetase does not affect the extent of mRNA hybridizing to the thrS-specific DNA probe. This result is interpreted as reflecting an effect of the synthetase on its expression at the translational level. Analysis of the DNA sequence of the thrS gene predicts several potential secondary structures capable of forming in the thrS mRNA. One of these potential structures is a cloverleaf. The possible role of such structures in controlling expression of thrS is discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The authors have studied 89 depressed patients diagnosed according to three different systems: DSM-III, Kiloh and Garside, Winokur. They administered 1 mg of Dexamethasone at 11 pm; blood samples ...were taken at 8 am and 8 pm the next day. They find the most significant differences in cortisol levels according to the DSM classification whereas there are no significant differences according to the Winokur classification. They refer the great variance obtained in the endogenous groups to a high incidence of suppressors in these non-suppressor groups. In 26 non-depressed patients, they found 10 non-suppressors. According to the authors, these results demonstrate the importance of DST and other biological tests in the reformation of nosology in psychiatry.
Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment used for patients who have suffered cardiorespiratory arrest and remain conscious after the recovery of spontaneous circulation. However, its effectiveness is ...controversial. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the scientific evidence available about the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on neurological status and survival in this type of patients. Methodology: A primary search in CINAHL, CUIDEN, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was carried out. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) published from 2016 to 2020 were selected. Results: 17 studies were selected for inclusion and most relevant data were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed by the RoB tool. Conclusions: Although therapeutic hypothermia is a safe technique with few adverse and manageable effects, it has not shown to improve survival rate and neurological status of adult nor pediatric patients. It is possible that its positive effect on neuroprotection could be achieved only by preventing hyperthermia although further investigation is needed.
Aim
To determine the factors that influence nurses' fear of COVID‐19 and professional quality of life as well as their attitudes towards COVID‐19 in four different countries.
Background
The emergence ...of COVID‐19 has affected the psychological and professional quality of life of the frontline health care workers, especially nurses.
Design
An online cross‐sectional multicultural study.
Methods
A total of 1071 nurses from Turkey, Brazil, Spain and Italy were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were invited to complete the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale and Professional Quality of Life Scale through online form from October 2020 to January 2021.
Results
It has been seen that nurses' fear of COVID‐19 has been above the average and their professional quality of life has been affected negatively during the pandemic. Almost one out of three nurses (28.6%) thought of quitting their job during the pandemic. The majority of nurses (91.0%) thought their professional quality of life changed during the pandemic. The mean score of the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale is higher in nurses who are working in Brazil, are female, have a chronic illness and are working in an outpatient clinic. Professional quality of life is even lower in nurses who are younger than 40, have a professional experience of less than 15 years, are working in Brazil and have concerns about themselves and their relatives because of COVID‐19.
Conclusions
It was determined that there was a relationship between fear of COVID‐19 and professional quality of life subscales of nurses.
Implications for Nursing Management
Nurse leaders have an important role in supporting nurses actively during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic and providing them with good working conditions, sufficient resources and rewards. In order for nurses to be able to cope with the challenges brought about by the pandemic, particularly the fear of COVID‐19, and to avoid thoughts of quitting the profession, it would be beneficial to take certain administrative measures on institutional and territorial basis. It is recommended that employees with a chronic disease work in low‐risk clinics, the number of nurses be increased in busier clinics, working hours be reduced and nurses be provided with psychosocial support by experts to cope with stress. On the other hand, effective infection control, personal protective measures and implementing institutional policies and protocols can help to reduce the fear of COVID‐19 and increase their professional quality of life.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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