Running as an athletic discipline requires a high level of endurance and speed endurance, which is directly related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, ie the ability of an athlete's body ...to withstand loads, and the following are listed as relevant factors for running success: anaerobic strength and maximum O2 consumption, lactic acid concentration and oxygen deficiency, ability to withstand stress, high ability to concentrate and its retention over longer periods of time. There is a lot of research that has studied the parameters of functional abilities in an attempt to find the most effective way to improve them, and since there are many similar and different data on this topic, this paper has been done to classify the available papsers by domestic and foreign authors which would lead to conclusions applicable both in practice and for further research.For the purposes of this research, original scientific papers have been analyzed that dealt with functional abilities as success factors in short, middle and long distance running and the impact of training on functional abilities, found in electronic databases - Medline, PubMed, Researchgate, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The research used in this review monitored transversely the values of submaximal and maximal oxygen consumption, energy systems, heart rate values, pulmonary ventilation, blood lactate concentration, as well as their changes after longitudinal implementation of experimental protocols and training processes. Since the collected research had too few respondents from different populations with a small number of elite runners, and they did not have enough information about many years of experience, level of sports form, race categories, and descriptions of training and methods, obtaining empirical information based on evidence was limited, as well as reaching valid conclusions. Accordingly, there is a need for a more systematic approach to research and implementation of complex studies with a sufficient number of runners of all ages, both sexes of the elite level, and cooperation of academic researchers, clubs and athletes to enable studies that would provide significant statistics, analysis and interpretation. The results identified in this review provide a starting point for future research that identifies and quantifies predictors of functional.
Trčanje kao atletska disciplina iziskuje velik nivo izdržljivosti i brzinske izdržljivosti, što je u direktnoj vezi sa kardiovaskularnim i respiratornim sistemima, odnosno sa sposobnošću organizma ...sportiste da podnese opterećenja koja, pa se kao relevantni faktori za uspjeh trčanju navode: anaerobna snaga i maksimalna potrošnja O2, koncentracija mliječne kiseline i manjak kisika, sposobnost podnošenja stresa, visoko sposobnost koncentracije i njeno zadržavanje tokom dužeg vremena. Mnogo je istraživanja koja su se bavila izučavanjem parametara funkcionalnih sposobnosti u pokušaju nalaženja najefikasnijeg načina poboljšanja istih, a budući da je mnogo sličnih i različitih podataka o toj tematici ovaj rad je urađen sa ciljem klasifikovanja dostupnih radova domaćih i stranih autora čime bi se izveli zaključci primjenljivi kako u praksi tako i za dalja istraživanja. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja analizirani su originalni naučni radovi koji su se bavili funkcionalnim sposobnostima kao faktorima uspjeha u trčanju na kratke, srednje i duge distance te uticajem treninga na funkcionalne sposobnosti, pronađeni na elektronskim bazama podataka - Medline, PubMed, Researchgate, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Istraživanja korištena u ovom pregledu pratila su transverzalno vrijednosti submaksimalne i maksimalne potrošnje kiseonika, energetske sisteme, vrijednosti frekvencije srca, plućnu ventilaciju, koncentraciju lakatata u krvi, kao i njhove promjene nakon longitudinalne provedbe eksperimentalnih protokola i trenažnih procesa. Budući da su prikupljena istraživanja imala premalo ispitanika različite populacije sa malom brojnošću elitnih trkača, te da nisu imala dovoljno informacija o dugogodišnjem iskustvu, nivou sportske forme, kategorijama trka, te opisa treninga i metoda, dobijanje empirijskih informacija utemeljenih na dokazima bilo je ograničeno, kao i izvedba valjanih zaključaka. Shodno navedenom, postoji potreba za više sistematskim pristupom istraživanjima i provedbi kompleksnih studija sa dovoljnim brojem trkača svih uzrasta, oba pola elitnog nivoa, te saradnja akademskih istraživača, klubova i sportista što bi omogućilo provođenje studija koje bi omogućile značajne statističke podatke, analize i interpretacije. Rezultati identifikovani u ovome pregledu pružaju polazište za buduća istraživanja koja identifikuju i kvantifikuju prediktore funkcionalnih performansi kao faktore uspjeha trčanja na kratkim, srednjim i dugim distancama.
Aim of this research was to determine contribution of inline skating to learning basics of alpine skiing. We included 139 participants, who were attributed to two groups - control and experimental. ...Participants of the experimental group (n=72) were included in 10-days program of learning inline skating while participants pertaining to control group (n=67) did not participate in any kind of sport or recreational program. Before and after inline skating, all participants were tested on six elements of alpine ski technique. Participants of the experimental group had better results on elements of alpine ski technique (4.09 vs. 3.29; p=0.00). Our results suggest inline skating aids better learning of alpine skiing.
ROLL OF SOMATOTYPE IN SPORT SELECTION Jakovljević, Vladimir; Bošnjak, Goran; Pašić, Goran ...
Acta kinesiologica,
06/2022, Volume:
16, Issue:
N1 2022
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Somatotype reflects the overall appearance of the body and gives significance to its overall morphological status and may be significant for selection in sports activities and maybe may lead to ...avoiding mistakes for selection of potential athletes and rejecting of some children or incorrectly selecting. A puberty period of boys is characterized
by changes of somatotype because of accelerated skeletal growth and increase of muscle mass what is directly connected with increasing the maximum oxygen supply and improving endurance in sports. Because the training for running on middle distances aim at improving aerobic energy systems can lead to increase endurance, this
research was conducted to determine the effects of the training process for runners on the middle distances on the somatotype to obtain guidelines for selection in the youth age of the male population and to avoid possible errors in determining talent and directing into a wrong sports branch. The male subjects aged 16 years were
divided into two groups - the experimental group consisted of 86 respondents and the control group of 82 respondents. After eight weeks of the training program, there were positive effects on values of variables VO2max and running on 1500m. The training process for runners on middle distances had positive effects on the somatotype of respondents and can be used to change the somatotype because the statistical analysis of the χ2 test showed a statistically significant difference between the initial and final state of somatotype distribution of the experimental group after the training process increased the percentage of respondents who have a talent for sport, then those who have predispositions for endurance sports and predispositions for sports.
The aim of the sudy was to investigate impact of training on maximum aerobic power among skiers. In accordance with the aim, a sample of 12 giant slalom skiers aged 17-19 (± 6 months) were measured ...twice: before and after 8-week preparatory period. Participants were measured in the battery of physiological and biochemical indicators. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the intensive aerobic training program has generated positive impact in the level of crp, ferritin, lactate and maximal oxygen consumption, and had a positive effect on the level of lactate and maximum oxygen consumption. Further research should include larger samples together with control group included.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the quantity of transglutaminase as well as conditions of its application (direct, or after activation by milk heating for 2 h at 40?C and for 1 ...min at 80?C), on yoghurt viscosity manufactured from two kinds of low fat milk (0.1 % w/w fat and 0.5% w/w fat) during 10 days of storage. The fermentation in both series started after the adequate amounts of probiotic starter culture ABT-4 (Chr. Hansen A/S Denmark) were added to the milk at 43?C. After milk fermentation at pH 4.5, probiotic yoghurt samples were cooled to 8?C, gently homogenized and packed in plastic containers and stored for 10 days, at +4oC. Viscosity of all samples was measured at 5?C on a Haake Rheostress 600 viscosimeter. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that yoghurt samples produced with low level of transglutaminase activated prior to fermentation have significantly better rheological properties than the samples produced without activation and yoghurt control. Generally, the application of low level transglutaminase in low - fat yoghurt production improves overall rheological properties of the final product.
U radu je ispitan uticaj koncentracije transglutaminaze (0,02%, 0,06% i 0,12%) i tehnoloskog procesa proizvodnje (sa i bez aktivacije enzima) na viskozitet jogurta tokom skladistenja. Za proizvodnju jogurta korisceno je pasterizovano mleko sa: 0,1% i 0,5% mlecne masti. Prva grupa uzoraka jogurta je proizvedena uz dodatak transglutaminaze istovremeno sa starter kulturom, dok je za proizvodnju druge grupe uzoraka enzim transglutaminaza prethodno aktiviran 2 sata na temperaturi od 40?C, a potom je inaktivisan primenom termickog tretmana 80?C, 1 min. Fermentacija mleka je vrsena dodatkom probiotske starter kulture ABT-4 (Lactobacillus acidophilus-5, Bifidobacterium-12, S. thermophilus, Chr. Hansen A/S Denmark) na temperaturi 43?C. Nakon postizanja pH vrednosti 4,5 uzorci probiotskog jogurta su ohladjeni, homogenizovani, upakovani u plasticne case i skladisteni na temperaturi +4?C. Viskozitet uzoraka jogurta proizvedenih primenom transglutaminaze meren je viskozimetrom Haake RheoStress 600 (Karlsruhe, Nemacka) nakon proizvodnje i tokom 10 dana skladistenja. Na osnovu izvrsenih ispitivanja utvrdjeno je da uzorci jogurta proizvedeni sa dodatkom manje koncentracije transglutaminaze uz prethodnu aktivaciju enzima imaju znatno bolje reoloske karakteristike od uzoraka jogurta dobijenih bez aktivacije enzima. Generalno posmatrano najbolje reoloske osobine imaju uzorci jogurta sa 0,02% transglutaminaze, proizvedeni uz prethodnu aktivaciju enzima. Izmedju uzoraka sa 0,1% masti i 0,5% mlecne masti razlike u promeni viskoziteta tokom skladistenja su neznatne.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi doprinos rolanja usvajanju osnova alpskog skijanja. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 139 ispitanika, koji su bili podijeljeni u dvije grupe -kontrolnu i ...eksperimentalnu. Ispitanici eksperimentalne grupe (n=72) učestvovali su u školi vožnje rolera u trajanju od 10 dana, a ispitanici kontrolne grupe (n=67) za to vrijeme nisu bili uključeni u sportske ili rekreativne programe. Prije i nakon provođenja škole vožnje rolera, svi ispitanici su podvrgnuti testiranju pomoću šest elemenata tehnike alpskog skijanja. Eksperimentalna grupa ispitanika imala je značajno bolje rezultate u elementima tehnike alpskog skijanja (4,09 vs. 3,29; p=0.00). Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju da vožnja rolera može pomoći boljem usvajanju znanja iz alpskog skijanja.
Testing function of cardiovascular system is measured, the most often, physical ability and functional capacity of transport system or its parts. Many studies have found an association with obesity ...by reducing functional capacity of cardiovascular system that is correlated with physical ability to work. This research was conducted in order to determine the functional ability of cardiovascular system in adolescents to assess need of their sports activities at this age. The sample consisted of 55 high school students, male, 16 years old (+/- 6 months). For this research, the body mass index is used as a criterion for forming groups of respondents. The functional capacity of cardiovascular system is observed through variables: systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after load and heart rate before and after load after performing Astrand test of ergometar bicycle. Analysis of functional abilities cardiovascular respondents before and after load, it was noted that in respondents who had a higher body mass index, showed higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after load, as well as higher values of heart rate before and after load. This study confirmed previous numerous studies, stating that increased body mass index leads to harmful effects on cardiovascular system.
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