To cite this article: Calvani M, Cardinale F, Martelli A, Muraro A, Pucci N, Savino F, Zappalà D, Panetta V, the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) anaphylaxis’ study group. ...Risk factors for severe pediatric food anaphylaxis in Italy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 813–819.
Background: Little is known about the cause of food‐induced anaphylaxis in children or about the factors that might affect its clinical severity.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of food‐induced anaphylaxis in children in Italy and to identify factors that could influence the appearance of symptoms and the severity of anaphylaxis.
Methods: One hundred and sixty‐three children with anaphylaxis consecutively attending 29 outpatient allergy clinics throughout Italy were enrolled in this prospective study. Information about past anaphylaxis episodes was collected with a standardized questionnaire. Food sensitization was evaluated by skin‐prick test.
Results: A clinical history of asthma increased the risk of wheezing odds ratio (OR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.5 and respiratory arrest (OR 6.9; 95% CI 1.4–34.2). A clinical history of chronic/relapsing gastrointestinal symptoms increased the risk of vomiting (OR 2.1; 95% CI 0.9–4.3), hypotension (OR 7.9; 95% CI 1.9–32.0), and bradycardia/cardiac arrest (OR 9.2; 95% CI 0.9–91.3). The severity of present and previous episodes was similar only in patients with mild or moderate anaphylaxis. Peanut and egg were the most frequent causes of severe anaphylaxis.
Conclusions: A clinical history of asthma and chronic/relapsing gastrointestinal symptoms (probably linked to food allergy) may predict the development of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of anaphylaxis.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genera Chara and Nitella , ...the bryophyte genera Brachythecium , Didymodon , Fissidens , Physcomitrium , and Riccia , the fungal genera Biatoropsis , Cantharellus , Coprinellus , Dacrymyces , Inosperma , Nigropuncta , Urocystis , and Xanthoriicola , and the lichen genera Arthonia , Bellemerea , Circinaria , Lecania , Lecanora , Lecidella , Mycobilimbia , Naetrocymbe , Parmelia , Peltigera , Porpidia , Scytinium , and Usnea .
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In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genus
Chara
, the bryophyte ...genera
Homalia
,
Mannia
, and
Tortella
, the fungal genera
Cortinarius
,
Russula
, and
Stereum
, and the lichen genera
Cetrelia
,
Cladonia
,
Enterographa
,
Graphis
,
Lecanora
,
Lepraria
,
Multiclavula
,
Mycomicrothelia
,
Parmelia
,
Peltigera
,
Pleopsidium
,
Psora
,
Scytinium
,
Umbilicaria
, and
Rhizocarpon
.
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In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera
Aneura
,
Aulacomnium
,
...Dumortiera
,
Fossombronia
,
Hennediella
,
Hygrohypnella
,
Pohlia
,
Porella
,
Riccardia
,
Tortella
, and
Tortula
, the fungal genera
Cortinarius
,
Mycena
,
Naucoria
,
Trichoglossum
, and
Tubaria
and the lichen genera
Agonimia
,
Blastenia
,
Chaenotheca
,
Cladonia
,
Endocarpon
,
Gyalecta
,
Lecanographa
,
Parmeliella
,
Porpidia
,
Stenhammarella
, and
Thelidium
.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Uveal melanoma (
UM
) is a rare ocular tumor that may lead to deadly metastases in 50% of patients. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (
ADAM
)10,
ADAM
17, and the
HGF
‐receptor c‐Met ...support invasiveness in different tumors. Here, we report that high
ADAM
10,
MET
,
and, to a lesser extent,
ADAM
17
gene expression correlates with poor progression‐free survival in
UM
patients (hazard ratio 2.7, 2.6, and 1.9, respectively). About 60% of primary
UM
expresses c‐Met and/or
ADAM
10 proteins. Four
UM
cell lines display high levels of
ADAM
10 and
ADAM
17, which constitutively cleave c‐Met, inducing the release of soluble c‐Met.
ADAM
10/17 pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing reduces c‐Met shedding, but has limited impact on surface c‐Met, which is overexpressed. Importantly,
ADAM
10
silencing inhibits
UM
cell invasion driven by
FCS
or
HGF
, while
ADAM
17
silencing has a limited effect. Altogether our data indicate that
ADAM
10 has a pro‐invasive role and may contribute to
UM
progression.
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Inflammation and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and interference with these mechanisms represents a strategy in CRC chemoprevention. Allopurinol, a ...safe molecular scavenger largely used as antigout agent, has been shown to increase survival of patients with advanced CRC and to reduce CRC incidence in long-term gout users in epidemiologic studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled preoperative trial in subjects with colorectal adenomatous polyps to assess the activity of allopurinol on biomarkers of colorectal carcinogenesis. After complete colonoscopy and biopsy of the index polyp, 73 subjects with colorectal adenomas were assigned to either placebo or one of two doses of allopurinol (100 mg or 300 mg) and treated for four weeks before polyp removal. Change of Ki-67 labeling index in adenomatous tissue was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of NF-κB, β-catenin, topoisomerase-II-α, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in adenomatous polyps and normal adjacent colonic tissue. Compared with placebo, Ki-67 levels were not significantly modulated by allopurinol, whereas β-catenin and NF-κB expression levels decreased significantly in adenomatous tissue, with a mean change from baseline of -10.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -20.5 to -0.7, and -8.1%, 95% CI, -22.7 to 6.5, respectively. NF-κB also decreased significantly in normal adjacent tissue (-16.4%; 95% CI, -29.0 to -3.8). No dose-response relationship was noted, except for NF-κB expression in normal tissue. Allopurinol can inhibit biomarkers of oxidative activation in colon adenomatous polyps and normal adjacent tissue. Further studies should define its potential chemopreventive activity.
The present article reports a case of multicentric hemangiosarcoma in a 22-year-old Warmblood mare presented for recurrent fever and weight loss. Thoracic ultrasonography showed multiple small areas ...of pulmonary consolidation. Ultrasonography in the region of the right liver lobe showed the presence of a rounded mass, approximately 24 × 19 cm
2 in size, extending from the 9th to 14th rib of the right side, characterized by multiple fluid-filled cavities and hypo- and hyperechoic rounded areas. On the left side, several hyperechoic rounded areas were detected in the spleen. Because of sudden onset of hemoperitoneum and worsening of the clinical conditions, the mare was humanely destroyed. Necroscopy confirmed the presence of hepatic, splenic, and pulmonary lesions, and showed further nodules on the stomach wall. The microscopic appearance of the lesions was consistent with hemangiosarcoma with multiple visceral metastases. Because the reported prevalence of equine hemangiosarcoma is as low as 0% to 0.7%, this case report may provide further information and describe one of the possible ultrasonographic patterns of multicentric hemangiosarcoma in horses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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