The aim of this study was to explore the effects of prosocial and antisocial personality tendencies and context-related state factors on compliance with protective behaviors to prevent the spread of ...coronavirus infections. Six types of prosocial tendencies (altruism, dire, compliant, emotional, public, and anonymous) and selfishness as the antisocial tendency were included as personality factors, while fear related to the pandemic and empathy toward vulnerable groups (i.e., those in forced isolation) were context-related factors. Furthermore, mediation effect of empathy and moderation effect of fear were explored in relations between personality factors and protective behaviors. The sample included 581 participants (78.3% females). The data were collected from March 28 to April 6, 2020, during the emergency state and curfew in Serbia. The results showed that tendency to help anonymously had a positive effect and selfishness had a negative effect on protective behaviors, over and above demographic characteristics and context-related factors. Among context-related factors, only fear related to the pandemic had a significant unique positive effect on protective behaviors, but it had no moderator effect in the relationship between personality traits and protective behaviors. However, empathy acted as a mediator and partly accounted for the negative effect of selfishness and positive effect of tendency to help anonymously on protective behaviors. The results revealed that compliance with protective measures could be seen as prosocial and unselfish form of behavior. Furthermore, these findings have practical implications for shaping public messages and they can help effectively promote health-responsible behaviors.
Environmentally significant behaviours, such as pro-environmental behaviour and environmental activism, have remained relatively ill-defined and poorly integrated to date. The relationship between ...environmental activism and subjective well-being is particularly unclear. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine whether some socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age and level of education, predict pro-environmental behaviour and environmental activism, as well as whether these behaviours have some effect on subjective well-being. A total of 354 respondents (222 female; 62.7%) filled out the Environmental Responsibility Feelings Scale, the Ecological Behaviour Scale, and the Environmental Activism Scale. Utilizing a correlational study design, path analysis revealed that older respondents and those with a higher level of education exhibit more pro-environmental behaviour and environmental activism. The results also suggest that the feeling of responsibility towards the environment significantly predicts the level of environmental activism, but not pro-environmental behaviour. Gender did not show a significant effect on either pro-environmental behaviour or environmental activism. Finally, it was found that environmentally significant behaviours in this research were not related to subjective well-being. Possible explanations of the obtained results are offered, as well as guidelines for future research into these phenomena.
Društvene mreže predstavljaju kontekst u kom se aktivno uspostavljaju i razvijaju intimni odnosi. Zbog specifičnosti onlajn interakcije, društvene mreže su pogodno okruženje u kom se ispoljavaju i ...razna nelojalna partnerska ponašanja. U ovom radu ispitivane su determinante obraćanja pažnje na alternativne partnere i neverstva na društvenim mrežama, a cilj je bio da se ispita doprinos narcizma, traženja senzacija i samoprezentacije navedenim oblicima nelojalnog partnerskog ponašanja. Uz to, ispitivan je medijatorski efekat samoprezentacije i obraćanja pažnje na alternative na relaciju između osobina ličnosti i neverstva. U istraživanju su učestvovale 423 osobe koje su trenutno u intimnoj vezi (22.2% muškog pola, prosečna starost 22, raspon godina od 18 do 52 godine). Rezultati pokazuju da narcizam, traženje senzacija i samoprezentacija na društvenim mrežama daju unikatni doprinos predikciji obraćanja pažnje na alternative, dok je neverstvo unikatno povezano samo sa samoprezentacijom. Relacija narcizma i neverstva potpuno je posredovana samoprezentacijom i obraćanjem pažnje na alternative, dok je odnos traženja senzacija i neverstva posredovan samo obraćanjem pažnje na alternative. Nalazi ovog istraživanja sugerišu da je opravdano praviti konceptualnu razliku između obraćanja pažnje na alternative i neverstva, kao i da ova ova dva oblika nelojalnog partnerskog ponašanja mogu biti motivisana različitim psihološkim potrebama.
Istraživanje seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja u suvremenom srpskom društvu novijeg je datuma. Ranija istraživanja pokazuju da se ono može dogoditi u najrazličitijim situacijama. Međutim, ...sveučilište je rijetko bio kontekst u kojem se taj problem analizirao, usprkos evidentnoj hijerarhiji moći baziranoj na različitim izvorima. Kako su studentice višestruko ranjiva skupina, ovaj se rad fokusira na istraživanje njihove percepcije i (ne)izravnog iskustva seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja, kao i očekivanja od institucionalne reakcije. Analiza se temelji na rezultatima dvije diskusije fokusnih skupina u kojima su sudjelovale 22 studentice sa svih razina studija na Filozofskom fakultetu i Fakultetu sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. Rezultati su istraživanja pokazali senzibiliziranost studentica za problem seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja, uz određenu dozu (auto)cenzure u razgovoru o navedenom problemu, posebice s roditeljima ili drugim odraslim osobama iz primarne sredine. Također, primijećen je kontinuitet (ne)izravne izloženosti studentica seksualnom uznemiravanju i ucjenjivanju u (izvan)akademskom kontekstu. Studentice očekuju da fakultet i sveučilište reagiraju na pojavu seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja, dok istovremeno jedan dio smatra da bi institucionalni odgovor trebalo osigurati izvan fakulteta, pa i akademskog konteksta u cilju dodatne zaštite žrtve. Kao važan dio institucionalnog odgovora ističe se potreba za sustavnom edukacijom o tom problemu, kako studenata, tako i svih sveučilišnih zaposlenika. Istraživanje je potvrdilo kompleksnost i višeslojnost analiziranog problema te može poslužiti kao inspiracija za dodatne analize seksualnog uznemiravanja i ucjenjivanja u akademskom kontekstu.
Facebook-related psychological phenomena attracted the great interest of researchers, but to date experiences of Facebook (FB) users were usually operationalized through few objective behavioral ...measures or through questionnaires which focused only on specific aspects of FB use. This study aimed to construct a comprehensive questionnaire which will capture deeper psychological processes that take place on FB. Through the EFA and CFA, we extracted five dimensions of FB behaviors: Compensatory use of FB, Self-presentation on FB, Socializing and seeking sexual partners through FB, FB addiction, and FB profile as the virtual self. Compensatory and addictive Facebook use is related to personality traits that indicate poor social adaptiveness, such as social anxiety, low conscientiousness, neuroticism, introversion, and low agreeableness, while Self-Presentation on FB further contributes to this maladaptive process. Seeking new friends and intimate partners through Facebook is related to sensation seeking and social anxiety. Realistic virtual representation of one's personality on Facebook is characteristic of individuals who are socially anxious and open to experiences. The scale Psycho-Social Aspects of Facebook Use (PSAFU) covers the wide range of psychological FB phenomena and should be used by researchers interested in a detailed examination of FB users' experiences.
•Psycho-social aspects of Facebook use can be described through five dimensions.•The excessive Facebook use is related to social anxiety.•Compensatory and addictive use of Facebook is characteristic of socially unadapted individuals.•Sensation seekers and socially anxious persons actively seek new friends on Facebook.•Facebook profile has become an important aspect of personal identity for certain people.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Rad ispituje da li strategija samoafirmacije – afirmisanje sopstvene vrednosti u jednom domenu nakon što je evaluiran drugi domen ličnosti, može omogućiti efikasno suočavanje sa pozitivnom i ...negativnom evaluacijom bitne karakteristike ličnosti. Ključno pitanje u ovom istraživanju je da li su ljudi prvenstveno motivisani da održe pozitivnu sliku o sebi (tzv. motiv samoosnaživanja) ili postojeću sliku o sebi, bilo da je ona pozitivna ili negativna (tzv. motiv samopotvrđivanja). Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi da li će ljudi iskoristiti mogućnost samoafirmacije nakon pozitivne i negativne evaluacije da bi zadovoljili jedan od ova dva motiva i koji. Istraživanje se sastojalo iz eksperimenta u kom su ispitanice visokog i niskog samopoštovanja dobijale lažnu pozitivnu ili negativnu povratnu informaciju o uspehu na testu intelektualnih sposobnosti. Ispitivano je da li će nakon evaluacije intelektualnih sposobnosti doći do promene u samoproceni tri domena self koncepta: intelektualnom, fizičkom i socijalnom. Rezultati pokazuju da ni nakon pozitivne ni nakon negativne evaluacije kod osoba visokog samopoštovanja nije došlo do promene u samoproceni tri domena ličnosti, što sugeriše da je njihova slika o sebi stabilna i dobro definisana tj. da nije podložna kratkotrajnim fluktuacijama pod uticajem povremenih inkonzistentnih evaluacija. Osobe niskog samopoštovanja koje su navodno veoma uspešno uradile test inteligencije naknadno su se negativno afirmisale tj. umanjivale su sopstvenu fizičku privlačnost. Rezultat ukazuje da u domenu kognicije dominira motiv samopotvrđivanja, ali i sugeriše da je self koncept osoba niskog samopoštovanja nestabilniji i osetljiviji na informacije iz socijalne sredine nego self koncept osoba visokog samopoštovanja.
COVID‐19 pandemic led to introduction of lockdown measures in many countries, while in Serbia the Government also introduced the curfew by which vulnerable groups of citizens were prohibited from ...leaving their homes at any time. In such a situation many citizens organized to voluntarily offer their help to those in isolation, which offered a unique opportunity to examine prosocial behavior in the natural setting of global crisis. This study examined the differences between non‐helpers and helpers, as well as groups of helpers who provided their help to close or unknown others, in personality (prosocial tendencies, selfishness and communal narcissism) and context‐related factors (situation specific empathy and fear) of prosocial behaviors. Additionally, the study also analyzed the helping‐related affect among helpers, depending on the recipient of help and personality characteristics. Results revealed that groups of helpers with different recipients of help (close persons, unknown persons or both) were not different among each other, but they were different from non‐helpers. Non‐helpers were more selfish and had self‐focused prosocial tendencies, and they showed less empathy towards people in isolation, compared to helper groups. However, the helping‐related affect depended on the recipient of help and helper's personality traits. This study confirmed some previous findings and offered novel insights into factors related to helping in crises.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Stockpiling during a crisis is usually seen as a response to experienced fear or as a form of social behavior. This study aimed to explore the effects of personality traits linked to antisociality ...(selfishness) and prosociality (prosocial tenden-cies) and the context-related state factor (fear related to the pandemic) on stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic. The final sample included 545 participants (77.6% females) from Serbia. During the proclaimed emergency state and curfew in March and April 2020, data were collected on three aspects of selfishness (adaptive, egocentric, and pathological), six types of prosocial tendencies (altruism, dire, compliant, emotional, public, and anonymous), and the state of fear related to the pandemic. First, the results showed that gender, age, and edu-cational level were not related to stockpiling, while household size positively correlated with stockpiling. Second, the results showed that adaptive and pathological selfishness as well as the public prosocial tendency showed low positive correlations with stockpiling, while altruism showed a low negative correla-tion. The obtained correlations held even when household size was controlled for. However, in the regression analysis, only adaptive selfishness showed a small but significant effect on stockpiling, over and above household size. In sum, the results showed that fear related to the pandemic was not associated with stockpiling, indicating that stockpiling could be seen as a form of selfish behavior.
Research on online social networks has indicated that it is appropriate to differentiate between active and passive use of these services, especially since they often have reverse effects on ...well-being. This study focused on Instagram selfies as a specific form of Instagram activity. We adopted the proposed distinction between active and passive use of social networks and applied it to selfies. In two correlational studies, we measured three aspects of selfie-related behaviors: self-presentation through selfies (active form), selfie preoccupation (active form), and upward physical appearance comparison with others’ selfies (passive form). We explored their relationships with body image concerns and self-esteem (in Study 1, N = 284, 16.9% men, age ranged from 17 to 53) as well as subjective well-being and mental health (in Study 2, N = 473, 12.5% men, age ranged from 16 to 49) on the samples of Instagram users from Serbia and Balkan region who reported they take selfies. The results indicated that upward comparison with others’ selfies is detrimental to both body image and subjective well-being. However, self-presentation and selfie preoccupation were related to stronger fear of negative appearance evaluation and better social self-esteem, but they had negligible relationship with indicators of mental health. This research was the first to study both active and passive selfie-related behaviors within the same framework and it showed that these behaviors have similar relations to body image, but different to self-esteem and well-being.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Etiketiranje učenika sa izraženom akademskom orijentacijom kao štrebera veoma je uobičajeno u obrazovnom kontekstu i može imati brojne negativne posledice, od opadanja akademskih aspiracija do ...porasta anksioznosti i usamljenosti. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se ispita sadržaj i latentna struktura stereotipa o učenicima tako etiketiranim u našoj sredini, kao i da se utvrdi da li je ovaj stereotip povezan sa socijalnom distancom prema njima i sa identifikacijom sa ovom socijalnom kategorijom. Uzorak je obuhvatio 659 studenata sa Univerziteta u Beogradu i Novom Sadu. Na osnovu kvalitativne analizeopisikarakterističnih osobina i ponašanja štrebera, dobijenih u prilot studiji, konstruisana je skala semantičkog diferencijala za merenje stereotipa o štreberima. Rezultati sugerišu da se stereotipni opisi štrebera mogu grupisati u četiri dimenzije: Savesnost i akademsko postignuće, Socijalni status i popularnost, Kompetitivnost i nesaradljivost i Otvorenost. Ključna odlika štrebera su savesnost i orijentacija na akademsko postignuće i, donekle, kompetitivnost i nesaradljivost. Nepopularnost i otvorenost ne predstavljaju suštinsku odliku štrebera. Ipak, osobe koje sebe ne smatraju štrebrima u većoj meri štrebere opažaju kao nepopularne, kompetitivne i zatvorene, a ovakva percepcija štrebera je povezana i sa izraženijom socijalnom distancom. Rezultati su razmatrani u skladu sa preporukama za unapređenje socioemocionalnog statusa učenika sa izraženom akademskom orijentacijom,etiketiranih kao štrebera.
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