Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) is an infrequent but serious complication of transfemoral percutaneous procedures. We present 2 cases and review the literature regarding the incidence, risk factors, ...clinical features and complications of RPH. We propose a management strategy for this problem emphasizing an anatomical based interventional approach if the patient does not stabilize with volume resuscitation.
ABSTRACTAtmospheric corrosion of engineering structures such as buildings and bridges is strongly dependent upon exposure conditions. Atmospheric corrosion tests have been conducted over many years ...to make long-term predictions.1 These tests have shown that corrosion rates of engineering steels are lower in lowhumidity rural environments and increase in high-humidity marine environments. Corrosion of steel pilings is many times faster in tidal splash zones compared to marine atmospheres (i.e., out of water and several hundred feet inland from shore) or continuously immersed conditions.2 The atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel is determined by the relative humidity (RH), pH, and pollutants in the environment. Similar to most metals, iron and steel have been reported to have a primary critical RH of ~ 60%, above which a liquid film formed by several monolayers of water develops on the surface.3 Above this threshold, corrosion governed by electrochemical laws proceeds at a slow rate. At 75% to 80% RH, the corrosion rate sharply increases. This secondary critical RH has been attributed to capillary condensation of water in the pores of the iron corrosion products.3 The deposition of hygroscopic salts on the metal surface can decrease the critical RH and increase the corrosiveness of the electrolyte. In aerated environments, the corrosion rate of carbon steel is controlled by the reduction of oxygen:O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States (U.S.) and worldwide is immense. The total cost for CVD care in the U.S. for 2010 was over 400 billion dollars.' The levels of total ...cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are critical determinants for the development of CVD.2 It has been clearly established that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statin drugs), are potent LDL-C lowering agents that are the cornerstone of CVD treatment. We will review here the developing evidence to support statin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease for almost everyone over the age of 50.
Bogart reflects on the American Bar Association (ABA) Learning Outcomes compliance and the real estate course trajectory. Now, more than at any time in the past, he functions as a compliance officer: ...law schools must meet standards set by both the ABA and regional accrediting agencies and respond to reporting and survey requests. The associate dean for academic affairs is heavily involved in all of these efforts.
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