The forced swim test (FST) is a preclinical test to the screening of antidepressants based on rats or mice behaviours, which is also sensitive to stimulants of motor activity. This work standardised ...and validated a method to register the active and passive behaviours of Swiss mice during the FST in order to strength the specificity of the test. Adult male Swiss mice were subjected to the FST for 6min without any treatment or after intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.1ml/10g), antidepressants (imipramine, desipramine, or fluoxetine, 30mg/kg) or stimulants (caffeine, 30mg/kg or apomorphine, 10mg/kg). The latency, frequency and duration of behaviours (immobility, swimming, and climbing) were scored and summarised in bins of 6, 4, 2 or 1min. Parameters were first analysed using Principal Components Analysis generating components putatively related to antidepressant (first and second) or to stimulant effects (third). Antidepressants and stimulants affected similarly the parameters grouped into all components. Effects of stimulants on climbing were better distinguished of antidepressants when analysed during the last 4min of the FST. Surprisingly, the effects of antidepressants on immobility were better distinguished from saline when parameters were scored in the first 2min. The method proposed here is able to distinguish antidepressants from stimulants of motor activity using Swiss mice in the FST. This refinement should reduce the number of mice used in preclinical evaluation of antidepressants.
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•The forced swim test in Swiss mice (Swiss-FST) predicts antidepressant activity.•Immobility in the first 2min of Swiss-FST is crucial for detecting antidepressants.•Active behaviours in Swiss-FST fail to distinguish different antidepressants.•Climbing in Swiss-FST allows stimulants to be distinguished from antidepressants.•This protocol reduces the number of mice used to detect antidepressants accurately.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
The accuracy of the virtual images used in digital dentistry is essential to the success of oral rehabilitation.
The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the mean accuracy of digital ...technologies used to scan facial, skeletal, and intraoral tissues.
A search strategy was applied in 4 databases and in the non–peer-reviewed literature from April through June 2017 and was updated in July 2017. Studies evaluating the dimensional accuracy of 3-dimensional images acquired by the scanning of hard and soft tissues were included.
A total of 2093 studies were identified by the search strategy, of which 183 were initially screened for full-text reading and 34 were considered eligible for this review. The scanning of facial tissues showed deviation values ranging between 140 and 1330 μm, whereas the 3D reconstruction of the jaw bone ranged between 106 and 760 μm. The scanning of a dentate arch by intraoral and laboratorial scanners varied from 17 μm to 378 μm. For edentulous arches, the scanners showed a trueness ranging between 44.1 and 591 μm and between 19.32 and 112 μm for dental implant digital scanning.
The current digital technologies are reported to be accurate for specific applications. However, the scanning of edentulous arches still represents a challenge.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of linear measurements around dental implants when using CBCT unit devices presenting different exposure parameters.
Dental implants (n = 18) were ...installed in the maxilla of human dry skulls, and images were obtained using two CBCT devices: G1-Care Stream 9300 (70 kVp, 6.3 mA, voxel size 0.18 mm, field of view 8 × 8 cm; Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) and G2-R100 Veraview
(75 kVp, 7.0 mA, voxel size 0.125 mm, field of view 8 × 8 cm; J Morita, Irvine, CA). Measurements of bone thickness were performed at three points located (A) in the most apical portion of the implant, (B) 5 mm above the apical point and (C) in the implant platform. Afterwards, values were compared with real measurements obtained by an optical microscopy control group (CG). Data were statistically analyzed with the significance level of p ≤ 0.05.
There was no statistical difference for the mean values of bone thickness on Point A (CG: 4.85 ± 2.25 mm, G1: 4.19 ± 1.68 mm, G2: 4.15 ± 1.75 mm), Point B (CG: 1.50 ± 0.84 mm, G1: 1.61 ± 1.27 mm; G2: 1.68 ± 0.82 mm) and Point C (CG: 1.78 ± 1.33 mm, G1: 1.80 ± 1.09 mm; G2: 1.64 ± 1.11 mm). G1 and G2 differed in bone thickness by approximately 0.76 mm for Point A, 0.36 mm for Point B and 0.08 mm for Point C. A lower intraclass variability was identified for CG (Point A = 0.20 ± 0.25; Point B = 0.15 ± 0.20; Point C = 0.06 ± 0.05 mm) in comparison with G1 (Point A = 0.56 ± 0.52; Point B = 0.48 ± 0.50; Point C = 0.47 ± 0.56 mm) and G2 (Point A = 0.57 ± 0.51; Point B = 0.46 ± 0.46; Point C = 0.36 ± 0.31 mm).
CBCT devices showed acceptable accuracy for linear measurements around dental implants, despite the exposure parameters used.
Abstract Statement of problem The internal and marginal adaptation of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) prosthesis relies on the quality of the 3-dimensional image. ...The quality of imaging systems requires evaluation. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the trueness of intraoral and extraoral scanners in scanning-prepared teeth. Material and methods Ten acrylic resin teeth to be used as a reference dataset were prepared according to standard guidelines and scanned with an industrial computed tomography system. Data were acquired with 4 scanner devices (n=10): the Trios intraoral scanner (TIS), the D250 extraoral scanner (DES), the Cerec Bluecam intraoral scanner (CBIS), and the Cerec InEosX5 extraoral scanner (CIES). For intraoral scanners, each tooth was digitized individually. Extraoral scanning was obtained from dental casts of each prepared tooth. The discrepancy between each scan and its respective reference model was obtained by deviation analysis (μm) and volume/area difference (μm). Statistical analysis was performed using linear models for repeated measurement factors test and 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). Results No significant differences in deviation values were found among scanners. For CBIS and CIES, the deviation was significantly higher ( P <.05) for occlusal and cervical surfaces. With regard to volume differences, no statistically significant differences were found (TIS=340 ±230 μm; DES=380 ±360 μm; CBIS=780 ±770 μm; CIES=340 ±300 μm). Conclusions Intraoral and extraoral scanners showed similar trueness in scanning-prepared teeth. Higher discrepancies are expected to occur in the cervical region and on the occlusal surface.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Limited evidence is available comparing digital versus conventional impressions from the point of view of patient preference.
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and summarize the ...available literature related to patient-centered outcomes for digital versus conventional impression techniques.
The databases Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, and Embase were electronically searched and complemented by hand searches. All published papers available on the databases from 1955 to July 2016 were considered for title and abstract analysis.
A total of 2943 articles were initially identified through database searches, of which only 5 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Four studies comparing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between conventional and digital impressions revealed that the digital technique was more comfortable and caused less anxiety and sensation of nausea. Only 1 study reported no difference between the techniques regardless of patient comfort. Two studies reported a shorter procedure for the conventional technique, whereas 3 studies reported a shorter procedure for the digital technique.
A lack of clinical studies addressing patient outcomes regarding digital prosthodontic treatments was observed among the included articles. However, current evidence suggests that patients are more likely to prefer the digital workflow than the conventional techniques.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Objectives
Working Group 5 was assigned the task to review the current knowledge in the area of digital technologies. Focused questions on accuracy of linear measurements when using CBCT, digital vs. ...conventional implant planning, using digital vs. conventional impressions and assessing the accuracy of static computer‐aided implant surgery (s‐CAIS) and patient‐related outcome measurements when using s‐CAIS were addressed.
Materials and methods
The literature was systematically searched, and in total, 232 articles were selected and critically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Four systematic reviews were produced in the four subject areas and amply discussed in the group. After emendation, they were presented to the plenary where after further modification, they were accepted.
Results
Static computer‐aided surgery (s‐CAIS), in terms of pain & discomfort, economics and intraoperative complications, is beneficial compared with conventional implant surgery. When using s‐CAIS in partially edentulous cases, a higher level of accuracy can be achieved when compared to fully edentulous cases. When using an intraoral scanner in edentulous cases, the results are dependent on the protocol that has been followed. The accuracy of measurements on CBCT scans is software dependent.
Conclusions
Because the precision intraoral scans and of measurements on CBCT scans and is not high enough to allow for the required accuracy, s‐CAIS should be considered as an additional tool for comprehensive diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures. Flapless s‐CAIS can lead to implant placement outside of the zone of keratinized mucosa and thus must be executed with utmost care.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Tumor development and progression is the consequence of genetic as well as epigenetic alterations of the cell. As part of the epigenetic regulatory system, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and ...deacetylases (HDACs) drive the modification of histone as well as non-histone proteins. Derailed acetylation-mediated gene expression in cancer due to a delicate imbalance in HDAC expression can be reversed by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Histone deacetylase inhibitors have far-reaching anticancer activities that include the induction of cell cycle arrest, the inhibition of angiogenesis, immunomodulatory responses, the inhibition of stress responses, increased generation of oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis, autophagy eliciting cell death, and even the regulation of non-coding RNA expression in malignant tumor cells. However, it remains an ongoing issue how tumor cells determine to respond to HDACi treatment by preferentially undergoing apoptosis or autophagy. In this review, we summarize HDACi-mediated mechanisms of action, particularly with respect to the induction of cell death. There is a keen interest in assessing suitable molecular factors allowing a prognosis of HDACi-mediated treatment. Addressing the results of our recent study, we highlight the role of p53 as a molecular switch driving HDACi-mediated cellular responses towards one of both types of cell death. These findings underline the importance to determine the mutational status of p53 for an effective outcome in HDACi-mediated tumor therapy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Implants in the anterior region are challenging, and literature reporting outcomes of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) in anterior sites is scarce. This systematic review summarized evidence of ...functional and esthetic performance of anterior single crowns supported by NDIs.
Ten databases were searched to find studies evaluating anterior single crowns supported by NDIs. Risk of bias was assessed, and random-effects meta-analyses were applied to analyze mean differences in survival, success, and marginal bone level (MBL). The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018089886).
Twenty-one studies meeting the screening criteria were included for qualitative analysis, and three for meta-analysis. A total of 892 NDIs, placed in 736 patients, were analyzed. Follow-up duration varied from 12 months to 14 years (mean: 40 months), and 16 failures (implant loss) were recorded. Fixed-effect meta-analysis (I
= 0%) of survival rate revealed a risk difference of 0.02 (95% CI: -0.03 to 0.08), between NDIs and controls (regular-diameter implants), without differences between groups (P = .39). Success rates ranged from 84.2% to 100% (mean: 95.2%). Random-effects meta-analysis (I
= 56%) of MBL indicated a mean difference of 0.02 mm (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.25), without differences between groups (P = .87).
Single crowns supported by NDIs are a predictable treatment, since their survival rate and MBL are comparable to those supported by regular-diameter implants. Due to data shortage reporting esthetic outcomes, more studies are needed to evaluate the long-term performance of the single crowns supported by NDIs in the anterior region.
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary diseases affecting the connective tissue. They are characterized by hypermobility of the joints, ...hyperextensible skin and friable tissue. According to current classification, 13 subtypes can be distinguished, of which the hypermobile and the classical subtype are the most prevalent. This study aimed to evaluate patients with classical (cEDS) and hypermobile (hEDS) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome regarding temporomandibular disorder (TMD), chronic pain, and psychological distress. Support groups from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were contacted, and social media were used to recruit participants. Free text questions, the German version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and the German version of the Graded Chronic Pain Status (GCPS) were used. 259 participants were included (230 hEDS/29 cEDS). At least 49.2% of the participants had painful or restricted jaw movements, and at least 84.9% had pain in the masticatory muscles, with 46.3% already having a diagnosed TMD. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between TMJ involvement and chronic pain with a 2.5-fold higher risk of chronic pain with a diagnosed TMD. 22.8% of participants had a critical score for depression, 53.3% had a critical score for anxiety, and 34.0% had a critical score for stress. There is a high prevalence of TMD problems and chronic pain in patients with cEDS and hEDS. The lack of knowledge about these problems can create psychological distress. More research is needed to provide adequate treatment for patients with EDS.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A fundamental step for cell growth and differentiation is the cell adhesion. The purpose of this study was to determine the adhesion of different cell lineages, adipose derived stromal cells, ...osteoblasts, and gingival fibroblast to titanium and zirconia dental implants with different surface treatments. Primary cells were cultured on smooth/polished surfaces (titanium with a smooth surface texture (Ti-PT) and machined zirconia (ZrO
-M)) and on rough surfaces (titanium with a rough surface texture (Ti-SLA) and zirconia material (ZrO
-ZLA)). Alterations in cell morphology (f-actin staining and SEM) and in expression of the focal adhesion marker were analysed after 1, 7, and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with a statistical significance at
= 0.05. Cell morphology and cytoskeleton were strongly affected by surface texture. Actin beta and vimentin expressions were higher on rough surfaces (
< 0.01). Vinculin and FAK expressions were significant (
< 0.05) and increased over time. Fibronectin and laminin expressions were significant (
< 0.01) and did not alter over time. Strength of cell/material binding is influenced by surface structure and not by material. Meanwhile, the kind of cell/material binding is regulated by cell type and implant material.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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