Background
Decision-making on invasive intervention in patients with clinical signs of infected necrotizing pancreatitis is often related to the presence of gas configurations and the degree of ...encapsulation in necrotic collections on imaging. Data on the natural history of gas configurations and encapsulation in necrotizing pancreatitis are, however, lacking.
Methods
A post hoc analysis was performed of a previously described prospective cohort in 21 Dutch hospitals (2004–2008). All computed tomography scans (CTs) performed during hospitalization for necrotizing pancreatitis were categorized per week (1 to 8, and thereafter) and re-assessed by an abdominal radiologist.
Results
A total of 639 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis were included, with median four (IQR 2–7) CTs per patient. The incidence of first onset of gas configurations varied per week without a linear correlation: 2–3–13–11–10–19–12–21–12%, respectively. Overall, gas configurations were found in 113/639 (18%) patients and in 113/202 (56%) patients with infected necrosis. The incidence of walled-off necrosis increased per week: 0–3–12–39–62–76–93–97–100% for weeks 1–8 and thereafter respectively. Clinically relevant walled-off necrosis (largely or fully encapsulated necrotic collections) was seen in 162/379 (43%) patients within the first 3 weeks.
Conclusions
Gas configurations occur in every phase of the disease and develop in half of the patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Opposed to traditional views, clinically relevant walled-off necrosis occurs frequently within the first 3 weeks.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
INTRODUCTION:At least 30% of patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis are successfully treated with catheter drainage alone. It is currently not possible to predict which patients also need ...necrosectomy. We evaluated predictive factors for successful catheter drainage.
METHODS:This was a post hoc analysis of 130 prospectively included patients undergoing catheter drainage for (suspected) infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Using logistic regression, we evaluated the association between success of catheter drainage (ie, survival without necrosectomy) and 22 factors regarding demographics, disease severity (eg, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score, organ failure), and morphologic characteristics on computed tomography (eg, percentage of necrosis).
RESULTS:Catheter drainage was performed percutaneously in 113 patients and endoscopically in 17 patients. Infected necrosis was confirmed in 116 patients (89%). Catheter drainage was successful in 45 patients (35%). In multivariable regression, the following factors were associated with a reduced chance of successmale sex odds ratio (OR) = 0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI)0.09–0.55; P <0.01), multiple organ failure (OR = 0.15; 95% CI0.04–0.62; P < 0.01), percentage of pancreatic necrosis (<30%/30%–50%/>50%OR = 0.54; 95% CI0.30–0.96; P = 0.03), and heterogeneous collection (OR = 0.21; 95% CI0.06–0.67; P < 0.01). A prediction model incorporating these factors demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76. A prognostic nomogram yielded success probability of catheter drainage from 2% to 91%.
CONCLUSIONS:Male sex, multiple organ failure, increasing percentage of pancreatic necrosis and heterogeneity of the collection are negative predictors for success of catheter drainage in infected necrotizing pancreatitis. The constructed nomogram can guide prognostication in clinical practice and risk stratification in clinical studies.
Background
Severe pancreatitis may result in a disrupted pancreatic duct, which is associated with a complicated clinical course. Diagnosis of a disrupted pancreatic duct is not standardized in ...clinical practice or international guidelines. We performed a systematic review of the literature on imaging modalities for diagnosing a disrupted pancreatic duct in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Methods
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases to identify all studies evaluating diagnostic modalities for the diagnosis of a disrupted pancreatic duct in acute pancreatitis. All data regarding diagnostic accuracy were extracted.
Results
We included 8 studies, evaluating five different diagnostic modalities in 142 patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Study quality was assessed, with proportionally divided high and low risk of bias and low applicability concerns in 75% of the studies. A sensitivity of 100% was reported for endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with or without secretin was 83%. A sensitivity of 92% was demonstrated for a combined cohort of secretin-magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. A sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 50% was found for amylase measurements in drain fluid compared with ERCP.
Conclusions
This review suggests that various diagnostic modalities are accurate in diagnosing a disrupted pancreatic duct in patients with acute pancreatitis. Amylase measurement in drain fluid should be standardized. Given the invasive nature of other modalities, secretin-magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography would be recommended as first diagnostic modality. Further prospective studies, however, are needed.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Pain in chronic pancreatitis is subdivided in a continuous or intermittent pattern, each thought to represent a different entity, requiring specific treatment. Because evidence is missing, we studied ...pain patterns in a prospective longitudinal nationwide study.
1131 patients with chronic pancreatitis (fulfilling M-ANNHEIM criteria) were included between 2011 and 2018 in 30 Dutch hospitals. Patients with continuous or intermittent pain were compared for demographics, pain characteristics, quality of life (Short-Form 36), imaging findings, disease duration and treatment. Alternation of pain pattern and associated variables were longitudinally assessed using a multivariable multinomial logistic regression model.
At inclusion, 589 patients (52%) had continuous pain, 231 patients (20%) had intermittent pain and 311 patients (28%) had no pain. Patients with continuous pain had more severe pain, used more opioids and neuropathic pain medication, and had a lower quality of life. There were no differences between pain patterns for morphological findings on imaging, disease duration and treatment. During a median follow-up of 47 months, 552 of 905 patients (61%) alternated at least once between pain patterns. All alternations were associated with the Visual Analogue Scale pain intensity score and surgery was only associated with the change from pain to no pain.
Continuous and intermittent pain patterns in chronic pancreatitis do not seem to be the result of distinctly different pathophysiological entities. The subjectively reported character of pain is not related to imaging findings or disease duration. Pain patterns often change over time and are merely a feature of how severity of pain is experienced.
Background
In patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, skeletal muscle depletion (sarcopenia) is associated with impaired postoperative recovery and decreased survival. This study aimed to ...determine whether skeletal muscle depletion can predict postoperative complications for patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer.
Methods
All consecutive patients with an available preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan who underwent CRS-HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer in two centers were analyzed. Skeletal muscle mass was determined using the L3 muscle index on the preoperative CT scan. The cutoff values defined by Prado et al. were used to classify the patients as sarcopenic or nonsarcopenic.
Results
Of the study’s 206 patients, 90 (43.7 %) were classified as sarcopenic. The sarcopenic patients underwent significantly more reoperations than the nonsarcopenic patients (25.6 vs. 12.1 %;
p
= 0.012). The mean L3 muscle index was significantly lower for the patients who experienced severe postoperative complications than for the patients without severe postoperative complications (85.6 vs. 110.2 cm
2
/m
2
;
p
= 0.008). In a multivariable logistic regression model, L3 muscle index was the only parameter independently associated with the risk of severe postoperative complications (odds ratio 0.93; 95 % confidence interval 0.87–0.99;
p
= 0.018).
Conclusion
Skeletal muscle mass depletion, assessed using CT-based muscle mass measurements, is associated with an increased risk of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis and could therefore be used in preoperative risk assessment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
26.
Treatment of Necrotizing Pancreatitis van Brunschot, Sandra; Bakker, Olaf J; Besselink, Marc G ...
Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology,
11/2012, Volume:
10, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Acute pancreatitis is a common and potentially lethal disease. It is associated with significant morbidity and consumes enormous health care resources. Over the last 2 decades, the treatment of acute ...pancreatitis has undergone fundamental changes based on new conceptual insights and evidence from clinical studies. The majority of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis have sterile necrosis, which can be successfully treated conservatively. Emphasis of conservative treatment is on supportive measures and prevention of infection of necrosis and other complications. Patients with infected necrosis generally need to undergo an intervention, which has shifted from primary open necrosectomy in an early disease stage to a step-up approach, starting with catheter drainage if needed, followed by minimally invasive surgical or endoscopic necrosectomy once peripancreatic collections have sufficiently demarcated. This review provides an overview of current standards for conservative and invasive treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis.
Pancreatic cystic lesions are being detected with increasing frequency because of increased use and improved quality of cross-sectional imaging techniques. Pancreatic cystic lesions encompass ...non-neoplastic lesions (such as pancreatitis-related collections) and neoplastic tumors. Common cystic pancreatic neoplasms include serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystic neoplasms, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and solid pseudopapillary tumors. These cystic pancreatic neoplasms may have typical morphology, but at times show overlapping imaging features on cross-sectional examinations. This article reviews the classical and atypical imaging features of commonly encountered cystic pancreatic neoplasms and presents the limitations of current cross-sectional imaging techniques in accurately classifying pancreatic cystic lesions.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis in high risk patients can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous cholecystostomy may be an alternative treatment ...option but the current literature does not provide the surgical community with evidence based advice.
The CHOCOLATE trial is a randomised controlled, parallel-group, superiority multicenter trial. High risk patients, defined as APACHE-II score 7-14, with acute calculous cholecystitis will be randomised to laparoscopic cholecystectomy or percutaneous cholecystostomy. During a two year period 284 patients will be enrolled from 30 high volume teaching hospitals. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint of major complications within three months following randomization and need for re-intervention and mortality during the follow-up period of one year. Secondary endpoints include all other complications, duration of hospital admission, difficulty of procedures and total costs.
The CHOCOLATE trial is designed to provide the surgical community with an evidence based guideline in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis in high risk patients.
Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR2666.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUNDPelvic insufficiency fractures (PIFs) are a late complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies. We evaluated the incidence, radiologic findings, clinical course, and outcome of PIFs ...in patients treated with neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy ((C)RT) for rectal cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODSData of patients diagnosed with rectal cancer from a large teaching hospital treated from 2002 to 2012 were extracted from the Dutch Cancer Registry. All hospital records were reviewed for the diagnosis of PIFs or pelvic bone metastases. An expert radiologist reassessed all imaging procedures of the lower back, abdomen, and pelvis.RESULTSA total of 513 rectal cancer patients were identified of whom 300 patients (58.5%) were treated with neoadjuvant (C)RT (long- vs. short-course radiotherapy: 91 patients 17.7% vs. 209 40.7%, respectively). Twelve PIFs were diagnosed initially according to hospital records and imaging reports of all 513 patients. These 12 patients were treated with neoadjuvant (C)RT. After reassessment of all pelvic imaging procedures done in this patient group (432 patients (84.2%)), 20 additional PIFs were detected in patients treated with neoadjuvant (C)RT, resulting in a 10.7% PIF rate in irradiated patients. One PIF was detected in the group of patients not treated with neoadjuvant (C)RT for rectal cancer. This patient had palliative radiotherapy for prostate cancer and is left out of the analysis. Median follow-up time of 32 PIF patients was 49 months. Median time between start of neoadjuvant (C)RT and diagnosis of PIF was 17 months (IQR 9-28). Overall median survival for patients with PIF was 63.5 months (IQR 44-120).CONCLUSIONPIFs are a relatively common late complication of neoadjuvant (C)RT for rectal cancer but are often missed or misdiagnosed as pelvic bone metastases. The differentiation of PIFs from pelvic bone metastases is important because of a different treatment and disease outcome.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the ability of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score to predict mortality as well as intermediate markers of severity in a tertiary ...center.
The BISAP score was evaluated among 397 consecutive cases of acute pancreatitis admitted to our institution between June 2005 and December 2007. BISAP scores were calculated on all cases using data within 24 h of presentation. The ability of the BISAP score to predict mortality was evaluated using trend and discrimination analysis. The optimal cutoff score for mortality from the receiver operating curve was used to evaluate the development of organ failure, persistent organ failure, and pancreatic necrosis.
Among 397 cases, there were 14 (3.5%) deaths. There was a statistically significant trend for increasing mortality (P < 0.0001) with increasing BISAP score. The area under the receiver operating curve for mortality by BISAP score in the prospective cohort was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 0.95), which was similar to that of the previously published validation cohort. A BISAP score >or=3 was associated with an increased risk of developing organ failure (odds ratio=7.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.8, 19.5), persistent organ failure (odds ratio=12.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.7, 33.9), and pancreatic necrosis (odds ratio=3.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.8, 8.5).
The BISAP score represents a simple way to identify patients at risk of increased mortality and the development of intermediate markers of severity within 24 h of presentation. This risk stratification capability can be utilized to improve clinical care and facilitate enrollment in clinical trials.
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