På Scania finns uppsatta hållfasthetskrav i form av dokumenterade lastfall och utvärderingskriterier. Detta för att kvalitetssäkra produkterna, men det saknas riktlinjer för vad vissa konstruktioner ...egentligen bör väga. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utforska möjligheten att ta fram målvikter genom att kartlägga bland annat vikt och hållfasthet för ett antal olika plåtfästen på lastbilschassier. Som en del av detta har finita element beräkningar och topologioptimering använts. Ett antal nyckeltal har tagits fram för varje plåtfäste, vilket gav upphov till en tabell indelad i fyra stycken zoner definierade av plåtfästenas förutsättningar. Resultatet är ett levande verktyg som kan guida och utmana konstruktörer till att göra lättare konstruktioner.
In order to ensure quality, Scania requires a certain strength and stiffness of its components. This is based on documented load cases and evaluation criteria’s. But there exists no clear guideline for what the weight of the components actually should be. The aim of this thesis was to study if it was possible to develop weight goals by mapping weight and structural carrying capabilities for a number of sheet metal brackets on the heavy truck chassis. As a part of this finite element calculations and topology optimization have been used. For each bracket, a number of key performance indicators was developed which gave rise to a table divided into four major zones defined by the brackets prerequisites. The result is a living weight tool that can guide and challenge the design engineer to construct lighter structures.
SAMMANFATTNING Detta arbete har gått ut på att i CAD implementera en UAV-design av Enebog, Designen har förmedlats av handledaren via möten och mail. Ett ”levande” dokument skapades och har sedan ...uppdaterats från båda sidor genom projektets fortlöpande. Dimensioner och mått har diskuterats samt hur det ska implementeras i CAD. UAV’n är uppbyggd som en ”assembly” i CAD, med tillhörande modeller och ”sub-assemblies”. Modellerna är designade i Solid Works standard-arbetsbänk och ihopsatta i assemblyn med så kallade ”mates”. Tyngdpunkt och massa har beräknats i Solid Works för flygplanets olika delar. Datat har exporterats till Excel för att kunna presenteras. Resultatet är 7 stycken 2D ritningar kopplade till en 3D modell. Flygplanet har en spännvidd på 2,7 meter och en vingarea på 0,91m2. Den totala längden dimensionerades till 1,87 meter och den totala massan kalkylerades till 8,68 kg, som också är flygplanets ”take off weight”. Flygplanet är designat för att byggas med två olika komposit material: kolfiber/epoxy och glasfiber/epoxy. I ritningsunderlaget genererares tre-plans vyer med måttsättning, detaljvyer på till exempel nos-poden i den främre delen av flygplanet samt en sprängskiss med innehållsförteckning.
ABSTRACT This work has been focused on implementing, into CAD (Solid Works), a UAV-design by Enebog. The design has been given to the author on meetings and mail. A “living” document with design parameters was updated from both sides continuously throughout the project. The measurements/dimensions of the aircraft were discussed as well as how to implement in CAD. All updates were also continuously updated in the document. The UAV is built up as an assembly in CAD, with sub-assemblies and parts. The parts are designed with the standard work bench in Solid Works and mated together to form an aircraft. Center of gravity and mass properties of the parts were calculated in Solid Works and exported to Excel for the purpose of presenting the data. The result is 7 2D drawings attached to a 3D model. The aircraft has a wing span of 2,7 meters (8,68 ft), with a corresponding wing area of 0,91 m2 (9,8 ft2). The total length is dimensioned to 1,87 m (6,14 ft) and the total mass is calculated to 8,68 kg (19,14 lbs), which is also the aircrafts takeoff weight. The aircraft is designed to be built with two composite materials; carbon fiber/epoxy and glass fiber/epoxy. In the drawing material plan views with dimensions of the aircraft, detail views of e.g. the nose pod in the front part of the aircraft, an exploded view with a corresponding build of material-table was generated.
<正>INTRODUCTION Severe air-pollution events in many parts of China pose a major threat to health and ecosystems1.China’s air pollution is concentrated to economically developed areas,such as ...Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)and Pearl–River–Delta(PRD)2,3.The situation has received considerable attention in international
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SAMMANFATTNING
Detta arbete har gått ut på att i CAD implementera en UAV-design av Enebog, Designen har förmedlats av handledaren ...via möten och mail. Ett ”levande” dokument skapades och har sedan uppdaterats från båda sidor genom projektets fortlöpande. Dimensioner och mått har diskuterats samt hur det ska implementeras i CAD. UAV’n är uppbyggd som en ”assembly” i CAD, med tillhörande modeller och ”sub-assemblies”. Modellerna är designade i Solid Works standard-arbetsbänk och ihopsatta i assemblyn med så kallade ”mates”. Tyngdpunkt och massa har beräknats i Solid Works för flygplanets olika delar. Datat har exporterats till Excel för att kunna presenteras.
Resultatet är 7 stycken 2D ritningar kopplade till en 3D modell. Flygplanet har en spännvidd på 2,7 meter och en vingarea på 0,91m 2 . Den totala längden dimensionerades till 1,87 meter och den totala massan kalkylerades till 8,68 kg, som också är flygplanets ”take off weight”. Flygplanet är designat för att byggas med två olika komposit material: kolfiber/epoxy och glasfiber/epoxy. I ritningsunderlaget genererares tre-plans vyer med måttsättning, detaljvyer på till exempel nos-poden i den främre delen av flygplanet samt en sprängskiss med innehållsförteckning.
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ABSTRACT
This work has been focused on implementing, into CAD (Solid Works), a UAV-design by Enebog. The design has been given to the author on meetings and mail. A “living” document with design parameters was updated from both sides continuously throughout the project. The measurements/dimensions of the aircraft were discussed as well as how to implement in CAD. All updates were also continuously updated in the document. The UAV is built up as an assembly in CAD, with sub-assemblies and parts. The parts are designed with the standard work bench in Solid Works and mated together to form an aircraft. Center of gravity and mass properties of the parts were calculated in Solid Works and exported to Excel for the purpose of presenting the data.
The result is 7 2D drawings attached to a 3D model. The aircraft has a wing span of 2,7 meters (8,68 ft), with a corresponding wing area of 0,91 m 2 (9,8 ft 2 ). The total length is dimensioned to 1,87 m (6,14 ft) and the total mass is calculated to 8,68 kg (19,14 lbs), which is also the aircrafts takeoff weight. The aircraft is designed to be built with two composite materials; carbon fiber/epoxy and glass fiber/epoxy. In the drawing material plan views with dimensions of the aircraft, detail views of e.g. the nose pod in the front part of the aircraft, an exploded view with a corresponding build of material-table was generated.
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Analyzed the consistency of debate judges' philosophy and ballot statements. Found that their debating philosophies accurately reflect the criteria they use to decide debates. (PD)
Cost justification of a pharmacy residency training program was prepared. The contributions of the pharmacy residents were tabulated and compared with the cost of the program to the hospital. ...Contributions were determined by identifying the activities performed by residents that could be quantified in financial terms. The residents' activities that benefited the hospital included administrative support, completion of special projects, scheduling staff assignments, and coordinating education programs. Costs were derived from salaries, fringe benefits, and training expense. An output value analysis was performed by comparing the contributions of the residents to the institution with the cost of the training program. The contributions of the residents exceeded the costs of the training program by a ratio of 1.3 to 1.
The Eidtor's Corner Henderson, Bill; Boman, David L.; Colbert, Kent R.
Argumentation and Advocacy,
19/1/1/, Volume:
19, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Two research reports on the National Debate Tournament: Henderson and Boman report a content analysis of judging Philosophy Statements compared with ballot comments, and Colbert reports a survey of ...participant attitudes towards NDT rules.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often co-occurs with psychotic and bipolar disorders; this comorbidity complicates the clinical management of these conditions. In this population-based ...longitudinal and multigenerational family study, we examined the patterns of comorbidity, longitudinal risks, and shared familial risks between these disorders. Participants were individuals with a diagnosis of OCD (n = 19,814), schizophrenia (n = 58,336), bipolar disorder (n = 48,180), and schizoaffective disorder (n = 14,904) included in the Swedish Patient Register between January 1969 and December 2009; their first-, second-, and third-degree relatives; and population-matched (1:10 ratio) unaffected comparison individuals and their relatives. The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was used to control for the potential effect of medication in the longitudinal analyses. Individuals with OCD had a 12-fold increased risk of having a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia and a 13-fold increased risk of bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that individuals first diagnosed with OCD had an increased risk for later diagnosis of all other disorders, and vice versa. The risk of bipolar disorder was reduced, but not eliminated, when the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was adjusted for. OCD-unaffected first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of probands with OCD had a significantly increased risk for all 3 disorders; the magnitude of this risk decreased as the genetic distance increased. We conclude that OCD is etiologically related to both schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. The results have implications for current gene-searching efforts and for clinical practice.
ObjectivesTo compare the acute effects of uninterrupted sitting with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light-intensity walking on self-reported fatigue, cognition, neuroendocrine biomarkers and ...cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight/obese adults.DesignRandomised two-condition crossover trial.SettingLaboratory study conducted in Melbourne, Australia.Participants19 overweight/obese adults (45–75 years).InterventionsAfter an initial 2 h period seated, participants consumed a meal-replacement beverage and completed (on 2 days separated by a 6-day washout period) each condition over the next 5 h: uninterrupted sitting (sedentary condition) or sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30 min (active condition).Primary outcome measuresSelf-reported fatigue, executive function and episodic memory at 0 h, 4 h and 7 h.Secondary outcome measuresNeuroendocrine biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk markers (blood collections at 0 h, 4 h and 7 h, blood pressure and heart rate measured hourly and interstitial glucose measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system).ResultsDuring the active condition, fatigue levels were lower at 4 h (−13.32 (95% CI −23.48 to −3.16)) and at 7 h (−10.73 (95% CI −20.89 to −0.58)) compared to the sedentary condition. Heart rate was higher at 4 h (4.47 (95% CI 8.37 to 0.58)) and at 7 h (4.32 (95% CI 8.21 to 0.42)) during the active condition compared to the sedentary condition. There were no significant differences between conditions by time for other variables. In the sedentary condition, changes in fatigue scores over time correlated with a decrease in heart rate and plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and an increase in plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG).ConclusionsInterrupting prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking breaks may be an effective fatigue countermeasure acutely. Fatigue levels corresponded with the heart rate and neuroendocrine biomarker changes in uninterrupted sitting in this pilot study. Further research is needed to identify potential implications, particularly for the occupational health context.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000137796; Results.
Significant capacity losses are generally seen for batteries containing high-capacity lithium alloy forming anode materials such as silicon, tin and aluminium. These losses are generally ascribed to ...a combination of volume expansion effects and irreversible electrolyte reduction reactions. Here, it is shown, based on e.g. elemental analyses of cycled electrodes, that the capacity losses for tin nanorod and silicon composite electrodes in fact involve diffusion controlled trapping of lithium in the electrodes. While an analogous effect is also demonstrated for copper, nickel and titanium current collectors, boron-doped diamond is shown to function as an effective lithium diffusion barrier. The present findings indicate that the durability of lithium based batteries can be improved significantly via proper electrode design or regeneration of the used electrodes.
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