Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of pulsed electric fields (PEF) for different applications in food industry. PEF technology is therefore a valuable tool that can improve ...functionality, extractability, and recovery of nutritionally valuable compounds as well as the bioavailability of micronutrients and components in a diverse variety of foods. Additionally, other studies have shown the potential of PEF treatments to reduce food processing contaminants and pesticides. This opens the doors to new PEF applications in the food industry. This review focused on some of the most renowned traditional and emerging PEF applications for improvement of osmotic dehydration, extraction by solvent diffusion, or by pressing, as well as drying and freezing processes. The impact of PEF on different products of biological origin including plant tissues, suspension of cells, by-products and wastes will be analyzed in detail. In addition, recent examples of PEF-assisted biorefinery application will be presented, and finally, the main aspects of PEF-assisted cold pasteurization of liquid foods will also be described.
•PEF potential to develop energy efficient and environmentally friendly processes•PEF is a useful tool to improve extractability, and bioavailability of bioactives.•PEF ability to decrease drying temperature•PEF potential to reduce freezing time•PEF ability to reduce formation of processing contaminants and pesticides
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
► Isolation and characterization of lignin from Moroccan sugar cane bagasse. ► Production of lignin–phenol-formaldehyde wood adhesive. ► The delignification with 15% NaOH gave cellulose and lignin ...yields of 42% and 13%. ► Bagasse lignin exhibited high reactivity due to high content of hydroxyl group. ► The best results were given with the mass ratio of 30:70 for lignin and PF resin.
lignin-based materials were isolated from Moroccan sugar cane bagasse after alkaline delignification. Sugar cane bagasse was subjected to hot water (70°C) and alkaline aqueous solutions (15% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 98°C) treatments. The dissolved lignin macromolecules were separated and purified. The isolated solid was then characterized by different complementary analysis (FT-IR; 1H, 13C NMR; GPC and TGA). In the present work, the possibility of preparing wood adhesives from bagasse lignin has been explored. The results showed that the delignification with 15% NaOH resulted in yields of cellulose and lignin of 42±2.2% and 13±1.5%, respectively. The extracted lignin scaffolds exhibits high reactivity due to the high content of hydroxyl group. Their higher molecular weight (2781g/mol) and good thermal stability (180°C) make them excellent candidates for partial substitution of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. A resin formulation in which up to 30% of PF can be substituted by bagasse lignin gave good results and was employed for the elaboration of plywood panels which passed relevant international standard specifications for interior-grade panels.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Yeasts are cheap, attractive and easily available residual sources of valuable bio-active compounds. Extraction of these compounds requires to break the yeast cells. So efficient damage of cell wall ...has become an important issue to be resolved. The aim of this paper is to review the potential of some emerging cell disruption techniques for recovery of intracellular bio-active compounds from Baker's yeast including mechanical (bead mill, high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication), and non-mechanical (electrical, physical, chemical and enzymatic) techniques, as well as some newly developed methods. The advantages and drawbacks of different cell disruption methods were summarized by considering the energy consumption, the interaction of the disruption methods with downstream operations and the process economics of alternative strategies. Finally, some future directions for research areas are proposed.
Wine making process entails the generation of significant amount of waste yeast, which represents an attractive source of valuable compounds that has been relatively unexploited to date. To retain the valuable cell content, effective cell disruption strategies are needed to break the rigid yeast cell walls. This review summarizes the state of the art of some emerging cell disruption techniques for recovery of intracellular bio-active compounds from yeasts including mechanical (bead mill, high pressure homogenizer, ultrasonication), and non-mechanical (electrical, physical, chemical and enzymatic) techniques. Thereby, it identifies the process economics of alternative strategies by considering the interaction of the disruption methods with downstream operations as well as the current situations and future research needs.
•Alternative methods for bio-active's extraction from yeast cell•Mechanical techniques acquired a high recovery but a poor selectivity.•Non-mechanical techniques were more gentle and selective.•Recovery, selective and energy consumption influenced the choice of method.•Effectiveness of cell rupture techniques affected process economics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The aim of this study is to compare alternative treatments on solvent-free extraction of high added value components from fermented grape pomace. Ultrasounds (US), pulsed electric fields (PEF) and ...high voltage electric discharges (HVED), which are physical treatments able to induce cell damages, were applied on aqueous suspensions of grape pomace. The efficiency of these technologies for phenolic compounds extraction, and particularly for anthocyanins recovery, was evaluated throughout the treatments at equivalent cell disintegration indexes (Z). HVED proved to be the most interesting technique to achieve higher phenolic compounds recovery with lower energy requirement than PEF and US at the same values of Z. However, HVED was less selective than PEF and US regarding the amount of anthocyanins recovered. At equivalent cell disintegration of
Z
= 0.8, PEF remarkably increased the extraction yield of total anthocyanins up to 22 and 55 % in comparison with US and HVED-assisted extractions. At this Z value, the ratio of total anthocyanins to TPC extracted reaches the respective values of 41.7, 34.9 and 14.1 % for PEF, US and HVED, thus demonstrating interesting differences of selectivity of the treatments.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on orange, pomelo, and lemon in aqueous media was studied. Whole fruits and stack of peels were PEF treated at electric field strength of 3kV/cm ...and 10kV/cm, respectively. The PEF induced damage of the whole fruit was evaluated by different disintegration indexes. The PEF treatment increased the yield of juice obtained after pressing by 25% for orange, 37% for pomelo, and 59% for lemon. The effect of PEF on different parts of each fruit was studied. Flavedo and albedo were separated from the untreated fruit or PEF treated fruit and solvent extraction (1/1 ethanol/water solution) of polyphenols was conducted. The quantification and characterization of polyphenols in each part was compared for untreated and PEF treated fruit. The application of high electric field strength on orange peels enhanced the extraction of polyphenols up to 22mgGAE/g DM.
Citrus fruits are valuable sources of bioactive compounds (vitamins, antioxidants, carotenoids and flavonoids) and their processing represents an industrial importance. An application of PEF to whole fruits may be useful for improving the efficiency of juice extraction from different citrus fruits. The concentration of polyphenols in the extracted juice could be significantly enhanced by the treatment of citrus peels with PEF at high electric field strength.
•Pulsed electric fields (PEF) were applied on whole citrus fruits at 3kV/cm.•Significant increase in juice yields and polyphenols in juice was obtained.•PEF treatment was applied on stack of orange peels at 10kV/cm.•Significant increase of polyphenols extraction from PEF treated peels was observed.•PEF treatment improved extraction of polyphenols in 50% ethanol solution.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The South American plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a great source of noncaloric sweeteners (steviol glycosides), mainly concentrated in its leaves, but also has important antioxidant compounds ...(vitamin C, polyphenols, chlorophylls, and carotenoids) and other important macro- and micronutrients such as folic acid and all of the essential amino acids except tryptophan. Traditionally, conventional methods have been used to recover nutritionally valuable compounds from plant food matrices. However, nowadays, the need for obtaining greener, sustainable, and viable processes has led both food industries and food scientists to develop new processes in full correspondence with the green extraction concept. This review focuses on some of the most promising nonconventional and emerging technologies, which may constitute a potential alternative to conventional methods or even could be combined to obtain a synergistic effect, thus reducing extraction time as well as solvent consumption and avoiding the use of toxic solvents.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (uHPLC) to monitor atrazine (ATZ) degradation process of Fenton/ultrasound (US) treatment in ...real time. Samples were automatically taken through a peristaltic pump, and then analysed by HPLC-HRMS. The injection in the mass spectrometer was performed every 4 min for 2 h. ATZ and its degradation metabolites were sampled and identified. Online Fenton experiments in different equivalents of Fenton reagents, online US experiments with/without
and offline Fenton experiments were conducted. Higher equivalents of Fenton reagents promoted the degradation rate of ATZ and the generation of the late-products such as Ammeline (AM). Besides, adding
accelerated ATZ degradation in US treatment. In offline Fenton, the degradation rate of ATZ was higher than that of online Fenton, suggesting the offline samples were still reacting in the vial. The online analysis precisely controls the effect of reagents over time through automatic sampling and rapid detection, which greatly improves the measurement accuracy. The experimental set up proposed here both prevents the degradation of potentially unstable metabolites and provides a good way to track each metabolite.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The increased concern surrounding both environmental and health impacts caused by the use of formaldehyde-based wood adhesives has given rise to an urgent need for a shift in focus to alternative ...wood adhesives. The present study aims to develop environmentally friendly particleboards bonded using bio-based wood adhesive. The purpose of this work is the extraction of chitin (CH) from shrimp shell waste and its application in formulating alternative wood adhesives. The as-extracted CH has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the wood adhesives were formulated using corn-starch-Mimosa tannin (CSMT) mixtures with 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% of CH. The mechanical results showed that the optimum amount of CH, 6 wt.% added to CSMT increased the average of internal bond modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and surface of soundness by 26.22; 19.75; 43.61 and 19.89% compared to the control CSMT/CH (100/0; w/w), respectively. Regarding, the physical performances the values of thickness swelling and water absorption of the optimal wood adhesive CSMT/CH (94/6; w/w) were decreased compared to the control CSMT/CH (100/0; w/w), about 46.86 and 24.15% after 2 h, and 22.12 and 15.46% after 24 h of wetting in water, respectively. Contact angle measurement showed that CSMT/CH (94/6; w/w) exhibits hydrophobic character compared to control CSMT/CH (100/0; w/w). Based on the findings, this study suggest that CSMT/CH (w/w) wood adhesive can be used as a renewable and alternative solution for the manufacturing of bio-particleboards for exterior applications.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Mushrooms are a great source of nutritionally valuable compounds, including proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, micronutrients and vitamins. In particular, they are a significant dietary ...source of B group vitamins and can be an ideal vehicle in order to supply these vitamins for vegetarians. Conventional extraction methods usually involve water or organic solvents and may results in the noticeable degradation of components. This review describes the potential use of the novel non-conventional methods including enzyme-assisted extraction, pulsed electric fields, ultrasounds, microwaves, subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction for recovery of valuable compounds from mushrooms. Recent studies have shown the great potential of these environmentally friendly methods for green production of specific compounds for use as nutraceuticals or as ingredients for functional foods.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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•Ultrasound impact results from a synergy between mechanical damage and thermal effect.•Ultrasound fosters extraction of phenolic compounds by cavitation phenomenon.•Ultrasound ...required three times less treatment duration than water bath.•Increasing ultrasound power improved mass transfer coefficient by 15 times.•Electrical conductivity of extracts correlates positively with treatment temperature.
The influence of ultrasound treatment (US) on cellular damage of olive leaf tissue was studied. Mechanical damage and thermal effect of US were characterized. The level of tissue damage was defined by the diffusivity disintegration index ZD based on the diffusivity of solutes extracted from olive leaves differently treated. The Arrhenius form using the temperature dependences of the thermal treatment time within the temperature interval 20–90 °C was observed for the thermal process. The corresponding activation energy ΔUT was estimated as 57 kJ/mol. The temperature dependences of electrical conductivity were measured for extracts of intact and maximally treated olive leaves. Then the diffusivity disintegration index ZD and total phenolic compounds recovery for three studied US powers were calculated (100, 200, and 400 W). The results evidenced that the mechanically stimulated damage in olive leaf tissue can occur even at a low US power of 100 W if treatment time is long enough (t = 3.5 h). The US treatment noticeably accelerated the diffusion process mechanically in addition to its thermal effect. Trials in aqueous solution revealed the dependence of polyphenols extraction on damage level with respect to the US power applied.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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