Fragments of normal human adult vagina, when explanted onto glass slides gave rise to outgrowing sheets of pure epithelium, which had microscopic morphological features in common with normal vaginal ...epithelium. Infrequent fibroblast contamination was observed. Proliferating epithelial cells formed multilayers of stratified squamous epithelium and demonstrated a progressive decrease in proliferative activity after 14 days. Continuous lines of epithelial cells were not obtained. Even in the absence of estrogens, transmission electron microscopy revealed evidence of keratinization of the superficial cells of the multilayer. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of mature epithelial cells in culture revealed ultrastructural features that closely resembled those present on the surface of exfoliated cells obtained by scraping the vagina in vivo. This in vitro tissue culture model of human vaginal epithelium may provide a simple method of studying factors that influence vaginal epithelium growth, maturation and function.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Right ventricular (RV) function and morphometric quantitation of interstitial fibrosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) have not been the subject of specifically designed clinical ...observations. In particular, their role in routine assessment and prognostic evaluation of patients (pts) with IDC remains to be settled.
Eighty-one consecutive IDC patients (63 M, 18 F; mean age 52 +/- 11 yrs) with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (angiographic ejection fraction - EF - < 55%), normal coronary arteries and no histologic evidence of myocarditis were studied. Cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) were routinely performed in all cases. RV volumes and EF were obtained by angiography according to Ferlinz' method and interstitial fibrosis was quantitated by computer-assisted morphometric analysis. These data were analyzed in order to study correlations with hemodynamic parameters and to assess their prognostic value in a long-term follow-up.
In the study population, right ventricular EF was significantly lower than in normal controls (35 +/- 11% vs 53 +/- 6%, p < 0.0001) and showed a significant positive correlation with LV EF (r = 0.54; p < 0.0001), and a weak but significant negative correlation with fibrosis (r = -0.29; p = 0.03). RV volumes, but not EF, were significantly related to mean pulmonary pressure. At multivariate analysis, RV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and EF were the two independent predictors of severe heart failure (NYHA class III-IV). After a mean follow-up of 64 +/- 36 months, 20 pts died and 9 had heart transplantation, for a 63% transplant-free survival rate (TFS). Multivariate analysis identified three independent predictors of TFS: LV stroke work index (p < 0.0001), RV stroke work index (p = 0.02) and RV EDV (p = 0.03). Fibrosis was predictive of survival only in the subgroup with LV EF < 20%.
Assessment of RV function provides useful information in the evaluation of hemodynamic profile and prognosis of pts with IDC. Quantitation of interstitial fibrosis by morphometry provides little additional data.
The Author casts some light upon the factors influencing the industrialization of Southern Italy, the economic and political problems raised by the phenomenon, and their consequences.
Dans les ...régions méridionales de l'Italie, existe depuis dix ans environ une intense industrialisation qui a pour but l'assainissement de ces régions économiquement déprimées dès le début de l'État italien, il y a un siècle. Cet assainissement est extrêmement important aussi parce qu'il devrait mettre l'Italie à même d'opérer efficacement dans la sphère du « Marché Commun Européen ». Pour évaluer les causes de cette dépression méridionale il est nécessaire de remonter à ses origines historiques et surtout à l'unification du Pays qui fut effectuée presque exclusivement pour des considérations politiques et sans tenir un compte proportionné du procédé de fusion d'économies régionales très différentes — (structure et conditions de développement). Le résultat a été que les régions méridionales ont initié, il y a un siècle, un procédé d'appauvrissement constant qu'on tente maintenant d'arrêter par une politique d'industrialisation accouplée à la réforme agraire.
Les données qu'on a enregistrées jusqu'à présent pour ce qui concerne les effets économiques de cette politique sont positives pour quelques aspects statistiques (placements, revenu pro-capite, production, échanges) mais elles ne sont pas encore suffisantes à présenter une situation d'occupation et de revenu effectif qui place la population méridionale à un niveau comparable avec celui de la population septentrionale de l'Italie. Cette situation encore critique se manifeste avec une grande évidence sur le plan des rapports syndicaux et de travail. En effet le « marché du travail » méridional ne fournit pas une main-d'oeuvre qualifiée et spécialisée pour les activités industrielles du lieu et cette main-d'oeuvre doit généralement être importée du Nord; il en dérive à l'intérieur des entreprises des situations de contraste et de disparité qui ont leurs manifestations extérieures dans l'insuffisante homogénéité et dans la différence du comportement syndical des travailleurs. Il est évident que ces problèmes sont ceux qui, en définitive, peuvent décider du succès ou de l'insuccès de tout le procédé d'industrialisation auquel sont intéressées non seulement des entreprises italiennes et européennes mais aussi des entreprises étrangères surtout américaines.
Par conséquent, l'attention pour ces problèmes si étroitement unis aux transformations économiques en cours, est demandée aussi et surtout aux opérateurs financiers et industriels qui s'avantagent des aides du crédit et du fisc pour entreprendre des initiatives ayant une signification non seulement économique mais humaine et politique dans la société méridionale italienne.
An in situ electron microscope sampling technique for characterizing cells attached to smooth surfaces is demonstrated with an ultraviolet-induced mutant of Streptococcus mutans. The sterilized ...sampling unit consists of a 9 cm plastic Petri dish containing a glass slide, a 12 mm round coverglass, and a coverglass with Formvar-carbon coated copper grids. After the bacterial culture in a liquid medium is incubated in the Petri dish, the slide with attached bacteria is washed in double-distilled water, air-dried, coated with platinum and carbon, and processed for replicas and shadowed specimens for transmission electron microscopy. The coverglass is similarly washed, fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, air- or freeze-dried, coated with palladium/gold, and examined in the scanning electron microscope. The coverglass with grids is rinsed in double distilled water, the grids are transferred to a filter paper and stained with a loopful of 2% phosphotungstic acid at pH 5.5. The bacteria growing on the surface of the plastic Petri dish are fixed, dehydrated, and embedded in situ with Epon. Sectioned and stained specimens are then examined in the transmission electron microscope. This procedure also appears useful with such other attached systems as normal or infected tissue culture cells.
Diverticula of the urethral wall are not common. Generally, in the male, congenital urethral diverticulum is located in the anterior urethra. We report a twenty-one year old man who referred to our ...department for dysuria, micturition in two times, small stream urination. Sometimes he also presented a dry ejaculation. The exams showed, at the bulbous portion of the urethra, an urethral diverticulum. The diverticulum was probably congenital because the patient had no history of urinary infection, catheterization or trauma. A surgery procedure was performed. 9 months later, the result is good.
In severe forms of acne (grade IV) there is probably an inmunological alteration consisting of: 1) Alterations in the IgG. 2) They may be produced in small quantity or destroyed more rapidly. 3) ...Cellular immunity is normal using PHA and diminished with habitual tests. 4) It is necessary to normalize these globulin levels before or during specific medication, with antibiotics or sulfa drugs. 5) Essential aminoacids should be given so as to raise the inmunoglobulins to normal levels. The administration of commercial inmunoglobulins should be avoided, because, for genetic reason, they could produce autoimmunity or isosensibility and diminished the levels one is trying to raise.
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