Coercive measures are containment methods used in psychiatry to curb patients' disruptive and aggressive behaviours towards themselves, others or objects. The prevalence of the practice of coercive ...measures in psychiatry is directly related to the attitudes of the staff. When discussing these attitudes, nurses are often particularly singled out. The purpose of the study is to research the impact of individual factors on nurses' attitudes in the decision-making process for the use of coercive measures.
A cross-sectional study among all psychiatric nursing staff in Slovenia (n = 367, 79%) was conducted over the years 2013/2014. Standardized questionnaires were used, including a survey of nurses' attitudes to the use of seclusion, the Job Descriptive Index, and the Folkman-Lazarus test.
Nurses' attitudes towards special coercive measures are predominantly negative (Formula: see text = 11.312, SD = 2.641). The factors that explain a positive attitude are as follows: female gender (β = - 0.236, p < 0.001), fewer years of service (β = - 0.149, p = 0.023), emotion-focused strategies of coping with stress (β = 0.139, p = 0.020), and less-threatening patient behaviour (β = 0.157, p = 0.012).
The effects of some known factors did not prove important in the model. Newly recognized factors are "less-threatening patient behaviour" and "emotion-focused strategies of coping with stress". Therefore, attitudes towards special coercive measures in psychiatry must be regarded as contextualized, interactive, and multidimensional phenomena that cannot be explained merely through a defined set of factors.
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Uvod: Kakovost študijskih programov je povezana s strokovno in znanstveno usposobljenostjo visokošolskih učiteljev. Namen raziskave je bil pregledati publicistično aktivnost visokošolskih učiteljev ...izbranih strokovnih predmetov v visokošolskih institucijah za zdravstveno nego v Sloveniji.Metoda: Retrospektivno so bili pregledani javno dostopni podatki o publiciranju 76 visokošolskih učiteljev, nosilcev dvanajstih strokovnih predmetov v sedmih visokošolskih institucijah na področju zdravstvene nege, za obdobje 2010–2015. Podatki so prikazani z opisno statistiko.Rezultati: V prikazanem obdobju je bilo evidentiranih 4.337 enot publiciranja, na enega visokošolskega učitelja povprečno 57,32 (s = 59,05). Od tega je bilo največ mentorstev diplom (n = 2928, 67,30 %), najmanj izvirnih znanstvenih člankov (n = 268, 6,21 %), še manj preglednih znanstvenih člankov (n = 46, 1,10 %). Obstajajo razlike v publiciranju na splošno med fakultetami (χ2(2) = 14,272, p = 0,027), pri mentorstvih (χ2(2) = 16,767, p = 0,010), preglednih znanstvenih člankih (χ2(2) = 28,442, p < 0,001) uredništvih (χ2(2) = 17,870, p = 0,007).Diskusija in zaključek: Nosilci strokovnih predmetov zdravstvene nege kažejo različne aktivnosti na področju publiciranja bibliografskih enot. Visokošolske institucije naj spodbujajo visokošolske učitelje k publiciranju ter s tem pospešujejo njihov strokovni in znanstveni razvoj. Publiciranje znanstvenih bibliografskih enot bi bilo smiselno dodati tudi merilom za habilitacijo v naziv predavatelja.
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Uvod: Forenzična psihiatrija obravnava ranljivo skupino pacientov. Paciente zaznamuje »več stigmatizirana identiteta«, ki vključuje stigmatiziranje duševne motnje, po drugi strani pa tudi ...stigmatiziranje kriminalnega dejanja, ki ga je oseba storila. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati poznavanje in odnos zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi do pacienta v forenzični psihiatriji.Metode: Izvedli smo opisno neeksperimentalno kvantitativno raziskavo. Vprašalnik je bil razdeljen priložnostnemu vzorcu 320 zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi na področju psihiatrije in izven psihiatrične stroke, realizacija je bila 74,4 % (n = 238).Rezultati: Anketiranci so obravnavo na področju forenzične psihiatrije poznali povprečno (x = 3,04, s = 1,17). Zaposleni izven psihiatrije (n = 55, = 5,72, s = 2,57) so izražali bolj odklonilen odnos (U = 838,50, p < 0,001) kot zaposleni v psihiatriji (n = 66, x = 7,53, s = 2,17), prepoznavali več negativnih značilnosti pacienta (U = 115,000, p = 0,043) in izražali več stigme (U = 1218,000, p = 0,002).Diskusija in zaključek: Zaposlene na področju psihiatrije je manj strah, gojijo manj stigme in bolj poznajo področje forenzične psihiatrije. Ker so poznavanje, strah in prisotna stigma povezani s kakovostjo zdravstvene obravnave, je treba zaposlene usposobiti za delo z ranljivimi skupinami prebivalstva, kot so pacienti v forenzični psihiatriji. Tako lahko nudijo bolj kakovostno zdravstveno obravnavo.
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Uvod: Vloga medicinske sestre je pri obravnavi samomorilno ogroženih pacientov ena izmed ključnih za preprečevanje pojavnosti samomora. Namen raziskave je bil pregledati literaturo s področja ...zdravstvene nege samomorilno ogroženih pacientov v Sloveniji in tujini.Metode: Izveden je bil pregled literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL, Google Učenjak in Obzornik zdravstvene nege od marca 2018 do septembra 2018. Napredno iskanje je potekalo s pomočjo Bullovega logičnega operatorja AND (IN), s kombinacijo naslednjih ključih besed: »psychiatric nursing care«, »the role of nurses«, »nurse prevention suicide«, »suicidal patients« in »mental health nursing«. V slovenščini smo uporabili ključno besedo »samomor«. Izmed 2101 zadetkov je bilo v kvalitativno vsebinsko analizo vključenih 17 zadetkov oziroma člankov.Rezultati: Viri so razporejeni glede na identificirane kode v kategorijo »Vloga medicinske sestre in pomen zdravstvene nege«, ki se deli na štiri pripadajoče podkategorije: (1) »Dejavnosti oziroma aktivnosti medicinske sestre za preprečevanje samomorov«, (2) »Terapevtski odnos in komunikacija medicinske sestre s samomorilno ogroženim pacientom«, (3) »Problemi medicinske sestre pri obravnavi samomorilno ogroženega pacienta« in (4) »Ukrepi za izboljšanje obravnave in preprečevanje samomora«.Diskusija in zaključek: Medicinske sestre se lahko na vseh ravneh zdravstvenih dejavnosti srečujejo s posamezniki, ki imajo samomorilne misli. Z načinom obravnave in odziva na njihovo stisko lahko vplivajo na počutje posameznika. Za učinkovito delo morajo medicinske sestre pridobiti dodatna znanja s področja prepoznave, ocenjevanja in preprečevanja samomorov.
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Attitudes towards patients with self-harm behaviors are decisive for the quality of the relationship of healthcare professionals towards them, which is further linked to successful treatment. In ...mental health settings, nurses are the ones spending the longest time caring for these patients. Nurses often experience negative emotions while delivering care which may lead to professional burnout and suboptimal patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore the feelings and attitudes of nurses working in different psychiatric hospital settings toward adolescents and young adults with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).
The subjects were nurses from the tertiary psychiatric hospital who deliver mental health care to patients with NSSI on a daily basis (n = 76; 20 males, 56 females; average age 42 ± 8 years; average working experience 20 ± 9 years). Data were collected via a self-report questionnaire consisting of three parts (sociodemographic data, Emotional Burden, Adapted Self-Harm Antipathy-Scale). In the latter two parts of the questionnaire, the subjects rated their level of agreement with the emotions and statements on a five-point Likert scale. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. The statistical significance was set to
<
.
The emotions of nurses towards patients with NSSI were not very negative and the attitudes were positive. Powerlessness was the most prevalent (3.55 ± 1.038) of the studied emotions, followed by uncertainty (3.21 ± 1.225). The subjects disagreed with feeling anger (2.34 ± 1.17) and despair (2.07 ± 1.09) and were undecided about being afraid (3.07 ± 1.2). The nurses with higher education felt more negative emotions than those with medium education. Education did not affect nurses' attitudes. The nurses from non-psychotherapeutic units felt more negative emotions and less positive attitudes than those from psychotherapeutic units. Gender did not affect the emotions felt towards patients, but the female nurses held more positive and less negative attitudes.
The respondents expressed low levels of negative emotions and positive and caring attitudes towards patients with NSSI, indicating a good predisposition for empathetic work and long-term burnout prevention. However, the differences observed with regards to education, gender and especially working environment indicate the different needs for environmental, educational and supervisory support.
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Uvod: Pri obravnavi posameznikov, odvisnih od prepovedanih drog, je pomemben odnos med posameznikom in medicinsko sestro. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati vlogo medicinske sestre pri spremembi ...življenjskega sloga posameznika, odvisnega od prepovedanih drog.
Metode: Raziskava temelji na kvalitativni raziskovalni metodologiji, uporabljen je bil delno strukturirani intervju. Vzorec je bil namenski (n = 8), vključeni so bili štirje posamezniki, v preteklosti odvisni od prepovedanih drog, in štiri medicinske sestre, zaposlene na področju odvisnosti. Podatki so bil obdelani po metodi analize vsebine. Zanesljivost izvedene raziskave temelji na sledljivosti ugotovitev in doslednosti oziroma transparentnosti analize empiričnega gradiva.
Rezultati: Posamezniki vlogo medicinske sestre prepoznavajo v neobsojajoči podpori, ki jim jo nudijo v pogostih stikih. Medicinske sestre jim zagotavljajo varno okolje, v katerem jim lahko zaupajo svoja intimna doživljanja. Zaupen medosebni odnos nastaja postopoma, osnovan je na nesebičnem sprejemanju posameznika, zaupanju in empatiji. Za učinkovito spodbujanje sprememb posameznikovega življenjskega sloga medicinske sestre potrebujejo nova znanja na področju svetovanja in motiviranja.
Diskusija in zaključek: Sodelujoči v raziskavi rešitev vidijo predvsem v bližini medicinske sestre, saj jim je le-ta v podporo in igra vlogo svetovalke. Po mnenju v raziskavi sodelujočih medicinskih sester, medicinske sestre, zaposlene na področju odvisnosti, pričakujejo več usmerjanega delovanja na področju življenjskega sloga. Zaradi slabše raziskanosti obravnavanega problema v našem prostoru bi bila na tem področju koristna opredelitev koristnih in potrebnih aktivnosti zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi.
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Uvod: Prisilni ukrepi se v predbolnišničnem okolju pogosto uporabljajo. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati pojavnost in odnos reševalcev do prisilnih ukrepov.
Metode: Vprašalnik je izpolnilo 178 ...reševalcev. Vsi sklopi vprašalnika so dosegli primerno zanesljivost (Cronbach alfa > 0,8). Podatki so bili analizirani z opisno statistiko, t-testom, testom ANOVA in Pearsonovo korelacijo ob upoštevani statistični značilnosti p < 0,05.
Rezultati: S prisilnim ukrepom se je že srečalo 165 (92,7 %) reševalcev. Ženske reševalke se v primerjavi z moškimi reševalci počutijo manj varne (t = 3,243, p = 0,03) in se bolj strinjajo s posredovanjem policije (t = –0,572, p = 0,03). Na terenu se najpogosteje uporablja vezanje s policijskimi lisicami, tj. s t. i. vezicami (x = 3,30, s = 1,15). Agresija, usmerjena proti drugim (x = 4,22, s = 0,86), agresija, usmerjena proti sebi (x = 4,23, s = 0,76), in nemir (x = 3,23, s = 0,98) so najbolj upravičeni razlogi za uporabo prisilnih ukrepov. Reševalci menijo, da potrebujejo več znanja s tega področja (x = 3,90, s = 1,01).
Diskusija in zaključek: Reševalci navajajo podobne vzroke za uporabo prisilnih ukrepov, kot jih v že predhodnih raziskavah navajajo zaposleni v bolnišnicah. Toda mnenje reševalcev o uporabi teh sredstev je negativno, z njihovo uporabo se v večji meri strinjajo samo v primeru pacientov z agresivnim vedenjem. Pri svojem delu se reševalci počutijo ogrožene. Glede uporabe prisilnih ukrepov potrebujejo usposabljanje in izobraževanje.
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Uvod: Nove psihoaktivne snovi so dokaj neraziskane in predstavljajo velik problem za našo družbo. Problem uživanja novih psihoaktivnih snovi se pojavlja v vseh starostnih skupinah, tudi med študenti. ...Namen raziskave je bil raziskati uporabo, odnos in poznavanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti.
Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na deskriptivni metodi kvantitativnega raziskovanja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 311 študentov z dveh fakultet, ki izvajata študij zdravstvene nege, in fakultete s področja pedagoških poklicev. Podatki so bili obdelani s pomočjo deskriptivne, univariatne, bivariatne in multivariatne statistike.
Rezultati: Najbolj poznane nove psihoaktivne snovi so nekoliko starejše, kot so ekstazi (n = 26, 7,2 %), spid oziroma amfetamin (n = 26, 7,2 %) in LSD (n = 15, 4,06 %). Med fakultetami obstajajo razlike v poznavanju novih psihoaktivnih snovi (χ2(2) = 8,629, p = 0,013). Odnos do drog je med anketiranci večinoma pretirano kritičen ali moralističen. Nove psihoaktivne snovi uživa več kot desetina anketirancev (n = 42, 13,5 %). Anketiranci, ki uživajo drogo, večinoma prihajajo iz vaškega okolja (n = 29, 69,04 %), so kadilci (n = 33, 78,57 %) in uživajo alkoholne pijače (n = 37, 95,24 %).
Diskusija in zaključek: Za splošno poznavanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi so študentje premalo poučeni. Raziskava je pokazala potrebo po dodatnih izobraževanjih.
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Introduction: Several research finding indicate that nursing care professionals are often faced with situations which may lead to anxiety. The aim of the present research was to determine the ...prevalence and typical signs of anxiety among nursing employees and nursing students in psychiatric settings. Methods: The Burns Anxiety Inventory was used as an assessment tool to measure anxiety. The research sample consisted of 242 participants. The data collected were processed by the descriptive statistics, Leveneʹs test, the ANOVA statistical test, the Welchʹs t-test, and the post hoc analysis. Pearsonʹs correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of the association between the variables. Results: The results of the current study show that nearly half of the participants experience anxiety, but the differences were noted as regards their anxiety thoughts (p = 0.039). Anxiety feelings are more prevalent in female students (p = 0.046). Habitual smokers (p = 0.030) and casual smokers (p = 0.020) are more likely to develop anxious feelings and physical signs of anxiety. The anxiety signs are also more pronounced in the respondents with self-assessed lower economic status (p = 0.001) and poor self-rated health (p = 0.0001). Discussion and conclusion: The professionals and students in psychiatric nursing often encounter situations conducive to the development of anxiety. Further studies on the current topic are therefore recommended to design adequate educational programmes to timely recognise anxiety symptoms and to implement mutual and self-help measure.
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Introduction: Attitudes of nursing employees towards mechanical restraint are directly connected to their incidence. The purpose of this research was to examine the attitudes of psychiatric nursing ...staff towards the use and administration of mechanical restraints.Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a structured Heyman-type survey. All the Slovenian nursing staff in psychiatric hospitals participated on a given day (n = 367).Results: Differences were observed in the average duration of administered mechanical restraint between individual hospitals (χ2 = 43.770, p < 0.001). Staff most often stated that patients felt angry when subjected to mechanical restraint (n = 328, 89.4 %). Nonetheless, the majority of respondents believe that mechanical restraints can be an effective therapeutic tool (n = 343, 91.6 %). Females (U = 11450.50, p = 0.025) and with higher education (U = 9527.00, p = 0.002) experience statistically significantly more negative emotions and are less inclined to use mechanical restraints.Discussion and conclusion: It is evident that in addition to the factors we researched some other factors are more influential when the incidences of coercive measures are closely studied. Due to some variation between hospitals it would be advisable to review the current clinical practices in this field. The management of health institutions should be considered an essential factor in the efforts to decrease mechanical restraint use.
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