Prispevek utemeljuje potrebo po vključitvi besedotvorne univerbizacije v slovenski besedotvorni sistem, ker se z njo pri tvorbi samostalnika rešujejo nekatere vrste tvorjenk, ki so ostale na obrobju ...tvorbenega raziskovanja, sodobna jezikovna raba pa kaže na njihov porast. Hkrati pa je predlagana terminološka ureditev z rabo domačih izrazov poenobesedenje in poenobesedenka za vzporedna prevzeta izraza univerbizacija in univerbat.
V príspevku so predstavljeni termini v sopomenskih dvojicah in nizih v poimenovalnem sistemu z izhodiščnim terminom celica, ki je iztočnica v Slovenskem medicinskem slovarju. Številni pojmi so ...poimenovani z dvema ali več termini, ki se razlikujejo po prevzetosti prvin, strukturi, tvorjenosti in pomenotvornih lastnostih. Tipološko raznovrstnost izkazujejo tudi sopomenski kratični termini in termini z izlastnoimensko prvino. Ob sopomenskih dvojicah iz prevzetega in neprevzetega termina kot pričakovanem tipu so tudi dvojice iz samo prevzetih ali samo neprevzetih terminov. Dvojic s samo neprevzetimi prvinami je najmanj. Sopomenski nizi so iz po sestavi in izvoru različnih terminov z istimi ali različnimi pomenskosestavinskimi lastnostmi. Po številu podtipov se približujejo sopomenskim dvojicam.
Prispevek prikazuje obravnavo feminativov v slovnicah slovenskega jezika skozi petstoletno zgodovino. Kot najrodnejši in zastopani v prav vseh obravnavanih jezikovnih virih nastopata feminativni ...priponski obrazili -ica in -ka, kot tretje najpogostejše se pojavlja -inja. Primerjava razvrstitvenih pravil za posamezno obrazilo v starejših slovnicah in današnjem jezikovnem stanju kaže večstoletno kontinuiteto, do dstopanj prihaja le pri določenih avtorjih starejših slovnic.
The article examines feminatives as a semantic and word-formation category.
In Slavic languages feminatives are mainly regarded as modificational
derivatives formed from masculine derivatives by the ...whole replacement of
the masculine suffix (bor-(-ec/-k?), partial replacement of the masculine
suffix (bra-l/(-ec/-ka), or by adding the feminine suffix to the masculine
suffix (miz-ar/-ka). Due to the expansion of global communication through
mass media, the inevitable broadening of vocabulary requires the adaptation
of borrowed words to the morphemic, morphological and word-formation
paradigms of the borrowing language. As a consequence, it comes as no
surprise that feminatives formed from the same masculine base often have two
or more variants of feminine suffixes (dekan-ica - dekan-ka - dekan-ja).
Three examples of variant feminine suffixes -ica and -ka added to masculine
nouns ending in suffixes -or and -ator, which are of foreign origin, are
examined in this paper. The purpose of the study is to establish which of
the feminine suffixes are more productive and how they conform to the
established patterns. The examined cases of masculine formations using the
borrowed suffixes -or and its variant -ator (in addition to -tor, -itor and
-utor) in the semantic category of living beings show variability in
languages such as Slovene, Serbian and Slovakian, which are dependent on the
existence of an appropriate nominal or verbal base in the language. In
Slovene, such formations are consistently deverbal, while in Serbian and
Slovakian they are either denominal or deverbal. The study focuses on three
masculine formations koordinator, selektor and senator, and examines how
their suffixes combine with the feminine suffix variants (-ka and -ica).
The established pattern in Slovene predicts that masculine formations in
-ator will form feminatives by adding the suffix -ka, while masculine
formations in -or will form feminatives by adding the suffix -ica. In the
example of the words koordinator- ka (from koordin-ator) and selektor-ica
(from selekt-or), the usage confirms this pattern. However, there is a
deviation from this pattern in the example of senatorka (from senat-or),
where the feminative senator-ica would be predicted. The study offers a
possible answer to the question of such deviations from the predictable
patterns in contrast to the actual use of feminative suffixes. It is clear
that language users are guided by different analogies when they form words.
Although these analogies may not be linguistically supported, they are
important in motivating the formation of many new words, especially those
from borrowed bases. The language user depends on the recognition of the
formal structure of the word to be able to choose a predictable
word-formation pattern. In borrowed words, such formal structure is less
clear, since it is based on foreign word-formation patterns with foreign
root and derivational morphemes.
The paper focuses on new verbal formations in Slovene coined from borrowed nouns ending in -ing with the Slovenian morpheme -irati (e.g. šoping-irati) on the basis of analogous phonological and ...semantic structures in the language, and examines their spread in the sphere of informal language use. The word-formational potential of such verbs is further examined with the basic categories of cognitive grammar, such as morphemic transparency, schematicity of the word-formational pattern and the established status of the phonemic sequence *ingira* in the previously existing lexical units of the Slovene language.
The paper focuses on new verbal formations in Slovene coined from borrowed nouns ending in
with the Slovenian morpheme
(e.g.
) on the basis of analogous phonological and semantic structures in the ...language, and examines their spread in the sphere of informal language use. The wordformational potential of such verbs is further examined with the basic categories of cognitive grammar, such as morphemic transparency, schematicity of the wordformational pattern and the established status of the phonemic sequence
in the previously existing lexical units of the Slovene language.
The article presents partial results of a wider study about the lexical potential of interjections in Slovene from the functional and lexicographical perspectives. The study focuses on interjections ...imitating machine sounds which are presented as entries from a to ž in the Slovenian Ortography (2001).
On the basis of examples found, interjections were classified into more homogenous groups according to the type of machine. Each category was further analyzed by using corpus analysis, which was carried out on the trial version of the billion-word corpus of the Slovene language called Gigafida. The analysis focused on the existence of words created from interjections whose base comes from one of the subcategories of onomatopoeic interjections presented here.
The results of the analysis have confirmed that this type of interjections and words formed from them are relatively frequent in expressive discourse. The most prominent are the interjections typically used for imitating the sound of musical instruments and their parts (brenk), tools (švrk, škrt), weapons (pok, švist) and transportation devices (puh).
The results also showed that the interjections which are the base for forming verbs give rise to more extensive word families. Verbs formed from interjections can also form complex words of a higher order according to established word-formational patterns.
The paper uses material from SSKJ 2 and the Gigafida 2.0 corpus to examine the potential of the Slovene language to derive nouns from the same base which form word-formational pairs with the meaning ...of agent (A) (employer) and state carrier (employee) (CofS). We can conclude that the parallelism of both types of derivation is dependent on two factors: the grammatical and semantic features of the verb. In terms of grammar, it is the verbal aspect which plays an important role, as the study shows that perfective prefixed verbs are much more productive in the formation of A/CofS. In terms of semantics, the parallel conceptualization of the meaning of A (trajector) and of CofS (landmark) as formations of different degrees derived from the same verbal base is common with verbs that are associated with communication, change, possession and the body, while verbs that are associated with thought processes are the least common in this function. It is also interesting that we have not been able to find such pairs derived from the group of verbs which denote movement. Further research of such derivational pairs could also include another grammatical category, i.e. the transitivity of the verb and thematic roles.
V prispevku predstavljamo knjižno in elektronsko izdajo Slovarja Pohlinovega jezika avtorja Marka Snoja. Njegovo uporabnost ponazarjamo na pomenski skupini tvorjenk za poimenovanje oseb in ...predstavljamo nekatere nove funkcionalnosti, še zlasti e-slovarja, ki omogočajo učinkovitejšo besedotvorno analizo in so bile s klasično uporabo primarnih Pohlinovih slovarskih virov nedostopne.
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