The paper presents the results of a functional comparative analysis of selected LSP phrasemes and metaphors in English, German and Croatian. A qualitative small scale research was conducted with the ...purpose of exploring the variety of figurative language in three different disciplines (medicine, economy and law) across languages and cultures and the goal was to confirm the claimed universality and complexity of LSP phraseology in general. Our research has also revealed that the variety of metaphorical concepts and mappings are culturally embedded and influenced by traditional roots which might lead to miscommunication in professional environment and cause misunderstandings at all levels of technical communication. This phenomenon should be explored further in a large scale study focused on the particularities of LSP phraseology and metaphorology.
The paper deals with the complexity of LSP - teaching and learning concepts
at tertiary level at the same time providing a critical overview of the
traditional approaches to the learning process ...characterized by a number of
false dichotomies. The role and responsibilities of LSP-teachers preparing the
students for their future jobs are outlined, thus calling for change of attitude
towards a systematic approach to problem solving strategies in the field of
LSP-didactics. New developments in LSP teaching and learning (i.e. Content
and Language Integrated Learning) imply a close co-operation of foreign
language teachers and subject specialists in order to more successfully
determine the objectives of LSP training and develop the course outline for
specific purposes. Today the development of effective teaching methods and
materials is more and more focused on students’ needs and expectations. The
paper argues the lack of systematic approach to LSP-didactics at tertiary level
in Croatia which should be based on the results of recent studies and initiate
further empirical research.
Rechtssprache ist als Metasprache und als Objektsprache Gegenstand des Interesses sowohl der Juristen als auch der Linguisten. Zu diesem komplexen und nach wie vor unerforschten Bereich zählen ...Dichotomien und Gegensatzpaare, die in der Rechtssprache wichtige, nach einigen Autoren sogar fundamentale Rolle spielen. In der Rechtssprache sind sie als sprachliche Universalien überall belegt /öffentliches Recht vs. Privatrecht; legal vs. illegal; gesetzmäßig vs. gesetzwidrig/. Ihre spezifischen Erscheinungsformen widerspiegeln Rechtstradition und -konzepte einer bestimmten Gesellschaft. Oft wird von »echten«, »falschen« und »verdeckten« Dichotomienim juristischen Diskurs gesprochen, obwohl eine einheitliche Kategorisierung nichtmöglich ist. Außerdem entwickeln sich ständig neue Rechtskonzepte mit veränderter Versprachlichung der Inhalte als Folge dynamischer gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen. Heute sind Dichotomien in der Rechtssprache eine schnell veränderliche Kategorie. Für die Analyse und Interpretation konnten logische Bilder und deutsche Tradition der Begriffsjurisprudenz bzw. dieser Tradition zugrunde liegende Idee von »Kern und Hof von Rechtsbegriffen« dienen. Deutsche Rechtsquellen bilden den Referenzrahmen, wogegendie Quellen aus anderen Rechtssystemen die Anwendbarkeit des vorgeschlagenen Interpretationsmodells bestätigen oder aber auf die Divergenzen in Rechtskulturen und -traditionen hinweisen.
Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Fachphraseologie aus der Sicht der interkulturellen Relevanz und der interlingualen Äquivalenz des phraseologischen und metaphorischen Sprachmaterials in ...der Rechtssprache. Das Thema der interkulturellen Relevanz ist in der letzten Zeit in der Phraseologieforschung seht aktuell geworden, wodurch zum Teil auch die Richtung der kontrastiven Analysen in der Fachphraseologie bestimmt ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden im Rahmen dieses Beitrags verschiedene Kategorien von fachspezifischen Phraseologismen und Metaphern in den deutschsprachigen und englischsprachigen Rechtskulturen mit entsprechenden kulturrelevanten Elementen in der kroatischen Rechtskultur verglichen und interpretiert. Die Analyse zeigte, dass das Verstehen von kognitiven Modellen aus einer anderen Rechtskultur oft mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist und dass weitere Forschungen zur Klärung der Problematik der juristischen Phraseologie beitragen könnten.
Promatramo li jezik struke kao komunikacijsko sredstvo u konkretnom socijalnom kontekstu, otvara se pitanje postoji li stručnojezična frazeologija i metaforika, što je ona zapravo i javlja li se kao ...potreba ili prepreka u različitim vidovima komunikacije u struci. Cilj je ovog rada odgovoriti na ta i neka druga pitanja i tako potvrditi tezu o frazeologiji i metaforici kao univerzalnim značajkama jezikâ za posebne namjene. Kontrastivnom metodom analizirat će se izdvojeni primjeri frazeoloških i metaforičkih izraza iz medicine, ekonomije i prava na njemačkom, engleskom i hrvatskom jeziku i utvrditi njihove funkcionalne, terminološke i socio-kulturalne sličnosti i razlike, pri čemu ove potonje često dovode do komunikacijskih smetnji (mis-communication) i samim time do neželjenih posljedica, posebice imajući na umu imperativ preciznosti i jednoznačnosti komunikacije u struci. Kod određenog broja jezikoslovaca javljaju se dvojbe glede metaforičnosti jezika struke dok kod praktičara (u prvom redu nastavnika i prevoditelja) nije uvijek dovoljno razvijena svijest o sveprisutnim frazemima i metaforama različitih kategorija kojima u jeziku struke treba posvetiti posebnu pozornost. U Hrvatskoj se mogu pronaći pojedinačni radovi, ali nedostaje sustavnih komparativnih (kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih) istraživanja stručnojezične metaforike koja bi potakla zajedničke projekte predmetnih i lingvističkih stručnjaka u interesu jednih i drugih.
Ovaj rad bavi se stručnojezičnom frazeologijom s aspekta kulturoloških posebnosti i međuje-zičnih istovrijednica na primjeru frazema i metaforičkih izraza u jeziku prava u njemačkom, engleskom i ...hrvatskom. Komparativna analiza provedena je na različitim kategorijama frazema i metafora karakterističnim za pravni diskurs na njemačkom i engleskom govornom području u odnosu na hrvatsku pravnu kulturu. Analiza je pokazala da je razumijevanje kognitivnih mod-ela druge pravne kulture često povezano s poteškoćama. Zato su potrebna daljnja istraživanja koja mogu doprinijeti rasvjetljavanju problematike u području frazeologije jezika prava.
The article discusses the state-of-the-art in LSP teaching in the field of law within the European framework of LLL by addressing the problems & by introducing the problem-solving strategies based on ...some valuable information obtained from LSP teachers of English, German & French. The survey carried out after a two-semester course revealed the whole complexity of the activity called 'teaching & learning legal language' at different levels. The LSP practitioners are confronted with a number of challenges, thus developing a greater critical awareness of the realities of the situation they have to cope with. At the same time the survey results suggest that further curricula developments are possible & needed. Adapted from the source document
The analysis of the German language used in the criminology of violent crimes is based on the
text corpus consisting of 21,784 tokens and 6,042 types. Words with frequency >3 cover 1,213
types and ...make 20.07% of the total number of the types, thus covering 73.3% of the corpus text. In addition to the statistical lexical analysis of the text, its morphological characteristics have been given with special reference to the attributing of nominal parts of a sentence. Word formation in German, through exemplification of the interpretation of the meaning of compound nouns has
been presented, and the sentence level has been outlined, with special reference to attributive clauses. The first twenty lexical words Gewalt, Gewaltkriminalität, Opfer, Täter, Jahre, Straftaten,
Familie, Jahren, Menschen, Frauen, Gruppen, Erpressung, Gesellschaft, jugendlichen,
Zahl, vorsätzlichen, Art, Bundesrepublik, Kriminalität, Vergewaltigung, Delikte,
läßt, Prozent, Raub, Verhalten, Kinder, lassen, letzten, Polizei and soziale could be considered
to be the key words of the register since they define the scope of the criminology of violent
crime. The purpose of this article is to point out the most important characteristics of the register
and to serve as an aid for more efficient acquisition of the language of that register. It contains a
minimal vocabulary of German language of the criminology of violent crime with about 1,360
words, the meanings of which have been obtained through the contextual analysis of the register
corpus (analysis of concordances).
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