Despite the current evangelical focus on justice work, evangelical theologians have not adequately developed a theological foundation for this activism. In this insightful resource, evangelical ...academics, activists, and pastors come together to survey the history and outlines of liberation theology, opening a conversation for developing a specifically evangelical view of liberation that speaks to the critical justice issues of our time.
Despite long-term symptomatic and uroflowmetry studies following transurethral prostate resection (TURP) there are sparse pressure flow data. Consequently there is minimal information to account for ...the long-term symptomatic failure and flow rate decrease seen with time following early improvements after surgery.
Men older than 45 years who were investigated at our department between 1972 and 1986, diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction and elected surgical intervention were invited for repeat symptomatic and urodynamic assessment. Identical methods were used, allowing direct comparison of results.
A total of 1,068 men were initially diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction, of whom 428 (40%) died in the interim. Of the men who were followed 217 underwent TURP with a mean followup since surgery of 13.0 years. A significant, sustained decrease in the majority of symptoms and improvements of urodynamic parameters was seen. Long-term symptomatic failure and decreased flow rate were principally associated with detrusor under activity (DUA) rather than obstruction. Presentation predictive factors for the future development of DUA were decreased detrusor contractility and a lesser degree of obstruction.
This unique long-term study provides valuable information on surgically treated bladder outlet obstruction. The association of long-term failure following surgery with DUA emphasizes the importance of pressure flow studies before repeat surgery. However, our faith in the long-term efficacy of TURP is justified.
Purpose: Previously, we showed that adoptive transfer of in vivo vaccine-primed and ex vivo (anti-CD3/anti-CD28) costimulated autologous T cells (ex-T) at day +12 after transplant increased CD4 and ...CD8 T-cell counts
at day +42 and augmented vaccine-specific immune responses in patients with myeloma. Here, we investigated the safety and
kinetics of T-cell recovery after infusing ex-T at day +2 after transplant.
Experimental Design: In this phase I/II two-arm clinical trial, 50 patients with myeloma received autografts after high-dose melphalan followed
by infusions of ex-T at day +2 after transplant. Patients also received pretransplant and posttransplant immunizations using
a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine only (arm B; n = 24) or the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine plus an HLA-A2–restricted multipeptide vaccine for HLA-A2 + patients (arm A; n = 26).
Results: The mean number of T cells infused was 4.26 × 10 10 (range, 1.59-5.0). At day 14 after transplant, the median CD3, CD4, and CD8 counts were 4,198, 1,545, and 2,858 cells/μL,
respectively. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-15 levels increased early after transplant and IL-15 levels correlated significantly
to day 14 T-cell counts. Robust vaccine-specific B- and T-cell responses were generated. T-cell infusions were well tolerated
with no effect on hematopoietic recovery. Eight patients (16%) developed a T-cell “engraftment syndrome” characterized by
diarrhea and fever that was clinically and histopathologically indistinguishable from grade 1 to 3 acute graft-versus-host
disease (GVHD) of the gastrointestinal tract (seven patients) and/or grade 1 to 2 cutaneous GVHD (four patients).
Conclusions: Adoptive T-cell transfers achieve robust T-cell recovery early after transplant and induce moderate-to-severe autologous
GVHD in a subset of patients.
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) in humans encompasses multiple subtypes that exhibit a wide array of skin lesions and, in some cases, are associated with the development of systemic lupus ...erythematosus (SLE). We investigated dogs with exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ECLE), a dog-specific form of chronic CLE that is inherited as a monogenic autosomal recessive trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 14 cases and 29 controls confirmed a previously published result that the causative variant maps to chromosome 18. Autozygosity mapping refined the ECLE locus to a 493 kb critical interval. Filtering of whole genome sequence data from two cases against 654 controls revealed a single private protein-changing variant in this critical interval,
:c.1438C>A or p.Pro480Thr. The homozygous mutant genotype was exclusively observed in 23 ECLE affected German Shorthaired Pointers and an ECLE affected Vizsla, but absent from 845 controls. UNC93B1 is a transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum and endolysosomes, which is required for correct trafficking of several Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The p.Pro480Thr variant is predicted to affect the C-terminal tail of the UNC93B1 that has recently been shown to restrict TLR7 mediated autoimmunity via an interaction with syndecan binding protein (SDCBP). The functional knowledge on UNC93B1 strongly suggests that p.Pro480Thr is causing ECLE in dogs. These dogs therefore represent an interesting spontaneous model for human lupus erythematosus. Our results warrant further investigations of whether genetic variants affecting the C-terminus of UNC93B1 might be involved in specific subsets of CLE or SLE cases in humans and other species.
In a phase 1/2 two-arm trial, 54 patients with myeloma received autografts followed by ex vivo anti-CD3/anti-CD28 costimulated autologous T cells at day 2 after transplantation. Study patients ...positive for human leukocyte antigen A2 (arm A, n = 28) also received pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunizations before and after transplantation and a multipeptide tumor antigen vaccine derived from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase and the antiapoptotic protein survivin. Patients negative for human leukocyte antigen A2 (arm B, n = 26) received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine only. Patients exhibited robust T-cell recoveries by day 14 with supraphysiologic T-cell counts accompanied by a sustained reduction in regulatory T cells. The median event-free survival (EFS) for all patients is 20 months (95% confidence interval, 14.6-24.7 months); the projected 3-year overall survival is 83%. A subset of patients in arm A (36%) developed immune responses to the tumor antigen vaccine by tetramer assays, but this cohort did not exhibit better EFS. Higher posttransplantation CD4+ T-cell counts and a lower percentage of FOXP3+ T cells were associated with improved EFS. Patients exhibited accelerated polyclonal immunoglobulin recovery compared with patients without T-cell transfers. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen vaccine-primed and costimulated T cells leads to augmented and accelerated cellular and humoral immune reconstitution, including antitumor immunity, after autologous stem cell transplantation for myeloma. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00499577.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
The objective of this review is to determine the effects of conservative (non‐surgical, non‐pharmacological) ...management of nocturia in adults. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1. A conservative management is better than no intervention or a placebo/sham intervention 2. One conservative management is better than another conservative management 3. A conservative management is better than treatment with a drug
Both courses include theory segments and practice tips, such as moving the common fingers used in chords and from one string to the next prior to playing the exercise. Students who follow this method ...may learn some notes and chords on the guitar, but they will do so with tense hands and incorrect positioning, which will hamper their playing if they continue over the years.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
OBJECTIVES
To assess the long‐term outcomes of untreated bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), assuming that, if there is little or no deterioration, a conservative approach to management is justified, ...as there is little information on the natural history of untreated BOO and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, and studies to date suggest that neither BOO nor LUTS inevitably progress to a stage at which prostatectomy is required.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Men aged >45 years who were investigated in our department between 1972 and 1986, diagnosed with BOO, and who initially opted for no specific treatment were invited for repeat symptomatic and urodynamic evaluation. Identical methods of assessment were used, allowing results to be compared directly.
RESULTS
In all, 1068 men were initially diagnosed with BOO; 428 (40%) of these died. Of the 170 men who initially opted for a conservative approach and attended for repeat assessment, 141 (83%) remained untreated, with a mean follow‐up of 13.9 years. The only significant urodynamic changes were a reduction in detrusor contractility and an increased prevalence of detrusor overactivity. Most patients reported no change in their symptoms but a significant minority experienced a gradual deterioration. Of the 29 men in whom the conservative approach failed, 22 proceeded to surgery for LUTS, and seven for acute urinary retention.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with untreated BOO do not significantly deteriorate urodynamically in the long term, with only a minority deteriorating symptomatically. These findings justify a conservative approach to men with LUTS associated with BOO.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Little information is available on the ciclosporin dose‐tapering regimen and clinical response in the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To test a ...dose‐tapering regimen and assess efficacy and clinical safety for up to 18 weeks.
Animals
Eighty‐eight client‐owned cats with feline hypersensitivity dermatitis.
Methods
Cats that received either a placebo or ciclosporin at 2.5 mg/kg or 7 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks were given 7 mg/kg ciclosporin daily for 4 weeks. Depending on the clinical response, the dose was tapered from daily to every other day over the next 4 weeks and further to twice a week for an additional 4 weeks.
Results
After all cats received 7 mg/kg for 4 weeks, the dose could be tapered to every other day for the next 4 weeks in 70% of cats remaining in the study. During the next 4 weeks, 57, 15 and 22% of cats remaining in the study could be treated at twice a week, every other day or daily, respectively. After the first 4 weeks, the mean lesion score and owner‐assessed pruritus improved over baseline by 69 and 61%, respectively, and remained stable during the following 8 weeks. Approximately 65% of the cats in the study were reported to have an adverse event (AE), very often mild and resolving spontaneously. The most frequent AEs were gastrointestinal and included primarily vomiting and diarrhoea. Eighty per cent of AEs occurred when cats were on daily treatment.
Conclusions and clinical importance
Results suggest that the induction dose of 7 mg/kg ciclosporin can be tapered as soon as 4 weeks without deterioration of the clinical response. Establishment of the lowest effective dosing regimen of ciclosporin reduced the frequency of AEs.
Résumé
Contexte
Peu d'information est disponible sur la dose dégressive d'entretien de ciclosporine et sa réponse clinique dans le traitement des dermatites félines par hypersensibilité.
Hypothèses/Objectifs
Tester la dose dégressive et évaluer l'efficacité et l'innocuité clinique jusqu'à 18 semaines.
Sujets
Quatre‐vingt‐huit chats de propriétaires atteints de dermatite féline par hypersensibilité.
Méthodes
Les chats qui avaient reçu soit un placebo soit de la ciclosporine à la dose de 2.5 mg/kg ou 7 mg/kg chaque jour pendant 6 semaines, ont reçu 7 mg/kg de ciclosporine par jour pendant 4 semaines. En fonction de la réponse clinique, la posologie était ensuite diminuée sur 4 semaines de tous les jours à un jour sur deux et ensuite à deux fois par semaine sur les 4 semaines suivantes.
Résultats
Après que tous les chats aient reçu 7 mg/kg pendant 4 semaines, la dose a pu être baissée à un jour sur deux pendant les 4 semaines suivantes pour 70% des chats restants dans l'étude. Au cours des 4 semaines suivantes, 57, 15 et 22% des chats restants dans l'étude ont pu être traités respectivement deux fois par semaine, un jour sur deux ou chaque jour. Après les 4 premières semaines, le score lésionnel moyen et le prurit évalué par les propriétaires se sont améliorés de 69 et 61% respectivement, et sont restés stables pendant les 8 semaines suivantes. Approximativement 65% des chats de l'étude ont montrés un effet indésirable (AE), très souvent modéré et se résolvant spontanément. Les AE les plus fréquents étaient gastro‐intestinaux et comprenaient principalement vomissement et diarrhée. Quatre‐vingt pourcents des AEs se produisaient pour les chats recevant le traitement quotidiennement.
Conclusions et importance clinique
Les résultats suggèrent que la dose d'induction de 7 mg/kg de ciclosporine peut être diminuée dès 4 semaines sans détérioration de la réponse clinique. La mise en place de la dose minimale efficace de ciclosporine réduit la fréquence des AEs.
Resumen
Introducción
se tiene poca información acerca del régimen de reducción progresiva de dosis en el tratamiento con ciclosporina, así como acerca de la respuesta clínica en casos de dermatitis felina por hipersensibilidad.
Hipótesis/objetivos
probar un régimen de reducción de la dosis de ciclosporina y evaluar la eficacia y seguridad clínicas durante 18 semanas.
Animales
ochenta y ocho gatos de propietarios particulares con dermatitis por hipersensibilidad.
Métodos
los gatos que recibieron bien placebo o ciclosporina a dosis de 2.5 mg/kg o de 7 mg/kg diariamente durante 6 semanas, recibieron después 7 mg/kg diarios de ciclosporina durante 4 semanas. Dependiendo de la respuesta clínica, la dosis se redujo a aplicación diaria o aplicación en días alternos durante las cuatro semana siguientes y después a dos veces por semana durante otras cuatro semanas.
Resultados
después de recibir una dosis de 7 mg/kg al día durante cuatro semanas, la dosis pudo disminuirse a días alternos durante cuatro semanas en un 70% de los gatos que permanecían en el estudio. Durante las cuatro semanas siguientes, 57, 15 y 22% de los gatos que aún permanecían en el estudio pudieron tratarse dos veces en semana, en días alternos o a diario, respectivamente. Tras las primeras cuatro semanas, el valor medio de las lesiones y el valor de prurito asignado por el propietario mejoraron sobre el valor inicial en un 69 y un 61% de los casos, respectivamente, y permanecieron estables durante las semanas siguientes. Alrededor de un 65% de los gatos en el estudio presentaron efectos adversos (AE), con frecuencia leves y de resolución espontánea. Los AEs mas frecuentes fueron gastrointestinales e incluyeron primariamente vómitos y diarrea. Un 80% de los AEs se produjeron cuando los animales estaban en tratamiento diario.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
los resultados sugieren que la dosis de inducción de 7 mg/kg de ciclosporina puede ser reducida a las cuatro semanas sin un deterioro de la respuesta clínica. El establecimiento de un régimen de dosificación efectiva a un nivel mas bajo redujo la frecuencia de AEs.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt nur wenig Information über das Reduzierungsschema für Ciclosporin und die klinische Verbesserung bei der Behandlung der felinen Dermatitis, die durch eine Hypersensibilität bedingt ist.
Hypothese /Ziele
Ein Reduzierungsschema und die Wirksamkeit sowie die klinische Sicherheit für bis zu 18 Wochen zu untersuchen.
Tiere
Achtundachtzig Katzen aus Privathaushalten mit feliner Dermatitis durch Hypersensibilität wurden in die Studie aufgenommen.
Methoden
Katzen, die entweder Plazebo oder Ciclosporin bei einer Dosis von 2,5 mg/kg oder 7 mg/kg 6 Wochen lang täglich erhalten hatten, bekamen 7mg/kg Ciclosporin täglich für 4 Wochen. Je nach klinischer Verbesserung wurde die Dosis über die nächsten vier Wochen von täglich auf jeden zweiten Tag und weiters auf zweimal pro Woche für weitere 4 Wochen reduziert.
Ergebnisse
Nachdem alle Katzen 7 mg/kg für 4 Wochen erhalten hatten, konnte diese Dosis in den nächsten vier Wochen bei 70% der Katzen, die in der Studie verblieben, auf jeden zweiten Tag reduziert werden. Während der nächsten 4 Wochen, blieben 57, 15 bzw 22% der Katzen in der Studie und wurden zweimal wöchentlich, jeden zweiten Tag bzw täglich behandelt. Nach den ersten 4 Wochen verbesserte sich die durchschnittliche Bewertung der Veränderungen und der durch die BesitzerInnen beurteilte Juckreiz um 69 bzw 61%, ausgehend vom Basiswert, und blieb dann während der nächsten 8 Wochen stabil. Bei ungefähr 65% der Katzen in dieser Studie wurde eine Nebenwirkung (AE) beschrieben, die oft milder Natur war und sich sponan wieder gab. Die häufigsten AEs waren gastrointestinaler Natur und bestanden aus Erbrechen und Durchfall. Achtzig Prozent der AEs traten auf, wenn die Katzen täglich behandelt wurden.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Induktionsdosis von 7 mg/kg Ciclosporin schon nach 4 Wochen ohne eine Verschlechterung des klinischen Zustandes reduziert werden kann. Eine Festlegung der niedrigsten wirksamen Dosis für Ciclosporin reduzierte die Häufigkeit der AEs.
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Drugs for nocturia in adults Cannon, Andrea; Abrams, Paul; Reynard, John ...
Cochrane database of systematic reviews,
09/2016, Volume:
2016, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
The objective of this review is to determine the effects of drug treatment of nocturia in adults. The ...following hypotheses will be tested: 1. a drug is better than no intervention ; 2. a drug is better than a placebo drug; 3. one drug is better than another one; 4. combined drug treatment is better than a single drug.
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