Small clinical trials have reported that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) might improve language recovery in patients with aphasia after stroke. However, no ...systematic reviews or meta-analyses studies have investigated the effect of rTMS on aphasia. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of studies that explored the effects of low-frequency rTMS on aphasia in stroke patients.
We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Journals@Ovid for randomized controlled trials published between January 1965 and October 2013 using the keywords "aphasia OR language disorders OR anomia OR linguistic disorders AND repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation OR rTMS". We used fixed- and random-effects models to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% CI for the language outcomes.
Seven eligible studies involving 160 stroke patients were identified in this meta-analysis. A significant effect size of 1.26 was found for the language outcome severity of impairment (95% CI = 0.80 to 1.71) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, P = 0.44). Further analyses demonstrated prominent effects for the naming subtest (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.87), repetition (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.92), writing (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.19 to 1.22), and comprehension (the Token test: SMD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.09) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). The SMD of AAT and BDAE comprehension subtests was 0.32 (95% CI = -0.08 to 0.72) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 32%,P = 0.22). The effect size did not change significantly even when any one trial was eliminated. None of the patients from the 7 included articles reported adverse effects from rTMS.
Low-frequency rTMS with a 90% resting motor threshold that targets the triangular part of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) has a positive effect on language recovery in patients with aphasia following stroke. Further well-designed studies with larger populations are required to ascertain the long-term effects of rTMS in aphasia treatment.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new electrochemical decarboxylative 4+2 annulation of arylglyoxylic acids with internal alkynes involving C-H functionalization by means of a cooperative anode and ruthenium catalysis is presented. ...This reaction represents a mechanistically novel strategy as an ideal supplement to the decarboxylative 4+2 annulation methodology by employing an electrooxidative process to avoid the use of an additional external oxidizing reagent and utilizing H
2
O as the carboxyl oxygen atom source to be engaged in the synthesis of 1
H
-isochromen-1-ones.
Mechanistically novel decarboxylative 4+2 annulation of arylglyoxylic acids with internal alkynes using the anodic ruthenium catalysis is presented.
Herein, we report the first Ni-catalyzed enantioselective deaminative alkylation of amino acid and peptide derivatives with unactivated olefins. Key for success was the discovery of a new sterically ...encumbered bis(oxazoline) ligand backbone, thus offering a de novo technology for accessing enantioenriched sp 3 –sp 3 linkages via sp 3 C–N functionalization. Our protocol is distinguished by its broad scope and generality across a wide number of counterparts, even in the context of late-stage functionalization. In addition, an enantioselective deaminative remote hydroalkylation reaction of unactivated internal olefins is within reach, thus providing a useful entry point for forging enantioenriched sp 3 –sp 3 centers at remote sp 3 C–H sites.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Preoperative nutritional status plays an important role in predicting postoperative outcomes. Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) are good tools to assess ...patients’ nutritional status. They have been used in predicting outcomes in various malignancies, but few studies have focused on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Totally, 306 PDAC patients were enrolled. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was introduced to eliminate the baseline inequivalence. Patients with different PNI (or CONUT) scores showed inequivalence baseline characteristics, and patients with compromised nutritional status were related with a more advanced tumour stage. After PSM, the baseline characteristics were well balanced. Both low PNI (≤45) and high CONUT (≥3) were independent risk factors for poor overall survival (P < 0·05), and the result remained the same after PSM. Survival analysis demonstrated both patients with low PNI and high CONUT score were associated with poorer survival, and the result remained the same after PSM. The results of AUC indicated that CONUT might have a higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting complications and survival. Preoperative low PNI (≤45) and high CONUT (≥3) scores might be reliable predictors of prognosis and surgical complications in PDAC patients. Compared with PNI, CONUT might be more effective.
We report an approach to synthesize molecular tungsten‐oxide‐based pentagonal building blocks, in a new {W21O72} unit, and show how this leads to a family of gigantic molecular architectures ...including H12W48O16428− {W48}, H20W56O19024− {W56}, and H12W92O31158− {W92}. The {W48} and {W56} clusters are both dimeric species incorporating two {W21} units and the {W56} species is the first example of a molecular metal oxide cluster containing a chiral “double‐stranded” motif which is stable in solution as confirmed by mass spectrometry. The {W92} anion having four {W21} units is one of the largest transition metal substituted isopolyoxotungstates known.
High nuclearity isopolyoxotungstates (isoPOTs) of formulae H12W48O16428−, H20W56O19024− and H12W92O31158− are made of unique {W21O72} building units containing pentagonal {W(W5)}, {W(W4)}, and {W(W3)} motifs. The growth of these {W21O72} building blocks allows for the formation of large isoPOTs with chiral features.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Objective
Exploring the correlation between bone turnover marks (BTMs) with lumbar BMD in middle-aged populations.
Methods
The cross-sectional analysis fetched data came from NHANES. The ...level of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx) were regarded as representative of bone turnover. Lumbar BMD was the outcome of the study. Multivariable linear regression models were utilized to detect the correlation of sBAP and uNTx with Lumbar BMD.
Results
The level of sBAP and uNTx was negatively correlated with lumbar BMD in every multivariable linear regression. For sBAP, this inverse correlation was stable in both men and women (
P
< 0.01). uNTx indicated a negative association after all relevant covariables were adjusted (
P
< 0.01). The men group remained the negative correlation in gender subgroup analysis (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion
This study indicated that the increased level of sBAP and uNTx associated with lumbar BMD decreased among middle-aged adults. This correlation could prompt researchers to explore further the relationship between bone turnover rate and BMD, which may provide information for the early detection of BMD loss and provide a new strategy for clinical practice.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigated the occurrence, seasonal–spatial distribution characteristics, and attenuation process of 15 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in riverside sections of Beiyun ...River of Beijing. The overall PPCP levels both in surface water and riverside groundwater were moderate on the global scale, and showed higher concentrations in the dry season mainly caused by water temperature variation. Caffeine (CF), carbamazepine (CBZ), metoprolol (MTP),
N
,
N
-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), diclofenac (DF), bezafibrate (BF), and gemfibrozil (GF) were seven representative PPCPs, because the rest eight studied compounds occurred in low concentrations and less than 15% of the total concentration of PPCPs. Caffeine and bezafibrate, respectively, was the most abundant compound in surface water and riverside groundwater, with median concentrations of 3020.0 and 125.0 ng L
−1
. Total concentrations of PPCPs in surface water were much higher than those in the riverside groundwater spatially. Attenuation of PPCPs during riverbank filtration was largely depending on the sources, site hydrogeological conditions, and physical–chemical properties of PPCPs, also was influenced by dissolved organic matter and environmental physicochemical parameters. CF, MTP, DEET, and CBZ were potential groundwater attenuation contaminants; DF, BF, and GF were groundwater-enriched contaminants based on their removal rates. Predominant removal mechanism of PPCPs like CF was biodegradation. Attenuation simulation showed that the one-way supply between Beiyun River and riverside groundwater, and further confirmed Beiyun River, was the main source of pharmaceutical compounds in the riverside groundwater.
The construction of pure‐inorganic framework materials with well‐defined design rules and building blocks is challenging. In this work, we show how a polyoxometalate cluster with an integrated pore, ...based on P8W48O18440− (abbreviated as {P8W48}), can be self‐assembled into inorganic frameworks using silver ions, which both enable reactions on the cluster as well as link them together. The {P8W48} was found to be highly reactive with silver ions resulting in the in situ generation of fragments, forming {P9W63O235} and {P10W66O251} in compound (1) where these two clusters co‐crystallize and are connected into a POMZite framework with 11 Ag+ ions as linkers located inside clusters and 10 Ag+ linking ions situated between clusters. Decreasing both the concentration of Ag+ ions, and the reaction temperature compared to the synthesis of compound (1), leads to {P8W51O196} in compound 2 where the {P8W48} clusters are linked to form a new POMZite framework with 9 Ag+ ions per formula unit. Further tuning of the reaction conditions yields a cubic porous network compound (3) where {P8W48} clusters as cubic sides are joined by 4 Ag+ ions to give a cubic array and no Ag+ ions were found inside the clusters.
Silver is the key: A polyoxometalate cluster based on the superlacunary heteropolyanion P8W48O18440− (abbreviated as {P8W48}) reacts with silver ions to self‐assemble three new all‐inorganic metal–oxide porous materials that expand the family of zeolitic polyoxometalate frameworks. The silver ions both enable reactions on the clusters as well as link them together.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, which is distributed worldwide, is considered a major constraint on rice production in Asia. The present study used the root gall index and number of ...nematodes inside the roots to evaluate resistance/susceptibility to M. graminicola in different subpopulations of Oryza sativa （aus, hybrid aus, indica, hybrid indica, temperate japonica, tropical japonica）. Nematode development in highly resistant varieties was also evaluated. Analyses of randomly selected 35 varieties showed the number of M. graminicola nematodes inside the roots correlated very strongly （r=0.87, P≤0.05） with the nematode gall index, and the results from pot and field experiments revealed similar rankings of the varieties for resistance/susceptibility. Among the 136 tested varieties, temperate japonica displayed the highest gall index, followed by tropical japonica, indica, hybrid indica, aus, and hybrid aus. Zhonghua 11 （aus）, Shenliangyou 1 （hybrid aus） and Cliangyou 4418 （hybrid indica） were highly resistant to M. graminicola under both pot and field conditions. Further examination of nematode development suggested that compared to susceptible rice, M. graminicola penetrated less often into highly resistant varieties and more frequently failed to develop into females. The promising varieties found in the present research might be useful for the breeding of hybrid rice in China and for the further development of practical nematode management measures.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A geologic investigation was undertaken in the Hoh-Xil–Songpan-Ganzi (HXSG) complex, northern Tibet in order to better understand magma genesis and evolution during the late stages of Paleo-Tethys ...ocean closure. The HXSG complex is composed of vast accumulations of Middle–Upper Triassic marine gravity flow deposits that were extensively intruded by igneous rocks. These early Mesozoic rocks exposed in this area record a rich history of accretionary tectonics during the amalgamation of the Tibetan Plateau terranes. Eight plutons sampled from the western HXSG complex yield zircon U–Pb ages that range from 225 to 193Ma. Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Hudongliang and Zhuonai Lake plutons yield ages of 210.7±2.5Ma and 212.7±2.5Ma, respectively. These plutonic rocks can be subdivided into two geochemically distinct groups. Group 1 (221–212Ma: Dapeng Lake, Changhong Lake and Heishibei Lake plutons) is composed of high-K calc-alkaline rocks that have strongly fractionated REE patterns with high (La/Yb)N ratios (91–18) and generally lack Eu anomalies (Eu*/Eu=1.02–0.68). Rocks in Group 1 display pronounced negative Nb–Ta and Ti anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams. Group 1 rocks exhibit high Sr (782–240ppm) and low Y (6.3–16.0ppm) contents with high Sr/Y ratios (84–20). Based on Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data (87Sr/86Sri=0.7079–0.7090, εNd(t)=−7.7–−4.7, εHf(t)=−5.7–−0.8) and low MgO contents (MgO=1.10–2.18%), Group 1 rocks are geochemically similar to adakitic rocks and were probably derived from partial melting of the downgoing Paleo-Tethys oceanic slab and overlying marine sediments. Group 2 plutons (225–193Ma: Daheishan, Yunwuling, Zhuonai Lake, Malanshan and Hudongliang plutons) display lower P2O5 with increasing SiO2 and are medium-K to high-K I-type calc-alkaline bodies with low Sr (14–549ppm) and high Y (22.3–10.5ppm) contents. Group 2 rocks have variable fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)N=3–38) and negative Eu anomalies (Eu*/Eu=0.02–0.86). Together with Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes (87Sr/86Sri=0.7072–0.7143, εNd(t)=−6.6–−2.0, εHf(t)=−0.6–+3.0), Group 2 rocks are most likely formed by partial melting of the juvenile crustal sources. Collectively, these data suggest that the Hoh-Xil turbidites were underlain by more continental arc crust than previously thought. We propose that rollback of the subducting Paleo-Tethys oceanic slab led to partial melting of overlying continental arc fragments which developed beneath the HXSG gravity flow deposits.
•Adakitic and I-type granitoids were reported in the western HXSG complex.•We report major and trace element geochemistry, Sr–Nd–Hf isotope and U–Pb data.•Granitoids were produced at a mobile active margin setting.•Rollback of subducting Paleo-Tethys slab developed beneath the HXSG complex.•The HXSG complex was underlain by more continental arc crust than previously thought.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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