In this article, a prediction model based on spatiotemporal stacked ResNet (Res‐STS) for hourly temperature prediction is designed. On the timescale, the Res‐STS removes the gate structure of the ...long short‐term memory (LSTM) model, and the data of multiple consecutive time nodes are stacked together to preserve all temporal characteristics of the data. A point‐to‐point data mapping relationship is developed on the spatial scale to maximize the impact of large‐scale environmental background field characteristics on a single grid point. Based on the historical gridded data from the China Meteorological Administration land data assimilation system (CLDAS) and the optimal factor dataset of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF‐IFS) from 2017 to 2020, hourly temperature prediction models based on convolutional long short‐term memory (ConvLSTM) and Res‐STS model are developed, respectively. Furthermore, the prediction results of the two models in 2021 are compared with the ECMWF‐IFS. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction results by ConvLSTM and Res‐STS models are both smaller than that of ECMWF‐IFS. Specially, the Res‐STS model performs best: it reduces the RMSE by 20.8% (24.5%) compared with the ConvLSTM (ECMWF‐IFS). Specifically, the RMSE peaks in the afternoon when the daily maximum temperature occurs, while it is relatively smaller at night. Res‐STS demonstrates a significant improvement in forecast performance compared with ECMWF‐IFS, while ConvLSTM's correction during the period of maximum temperature occurrence has been enhanced. Moreover, the forecast performance of the Res‐STS model is least affected by terrain compared with those of the ConvLSTM and ECMWF‐IFS. For the regions with terrain height greater than 1 km, the model Res‐STS evidently improves the RMSE.
Deep‐learning‐based postprocessing for hourly temperature forecasting.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•The relationships between aggregate potassium (K) content and pH levels were studied.•The non-exchangeable K in aggregates increased with raising pH in acidic soil.•The proportions of aggregate K ...stock were varied by adjusting pH for manure using.
Soil pH adjusted by the application of lime can improve soil potassium (K) availability to meet crop K uptake in acidic red soil. However, the response of aggregated K to pH changes is poorly understood. Objectives of this study was to quantify the relationships between aggregate K content and pH levels in soil with different fertilization patterns from a long-term field experiment Then, an incubation experiment of pH adjustment was conducted over 90 days at different pH levels where HCl and Ca(OH)2 were added to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (NP); NP and K fertilizers (NPK); and NPK with manure (NPKM) soils. Our results showed that double linear equations can fit the relationships between aggregate exchangeable K (EK) with pH levels. However, the slopes and other parameters of fitted equations varied among different fertilization soils. Linear equations indicated that increasing pH value could improve non-exchangeable K (NEK) contents of soil aggregates, especially in NP soil with lower initial pH. However, the proportions of EK and NEK stocks in soil aggregates were significantly changed by soil pH adjustment only in NPKM soil. Additionally, redundancy analysis and partial least squares path mode also suggested that soil pH only affected the NEK contents in soil aggregates, although fertilization had direct effects on the EK and NEK contents in soil aggregates. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the aggregate K distribution of adjusting pH varied among soils with different fertilization regimes, then, improved soil pH could maintain high EK and NEK content of soil aggregates in red soil.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Removal of naturally occurring strontium (Sr) from groundwater is vital as excessive exposure may lead to bone growth problems in children. Nanofiltration/reverse osmosis (NF/RO) is commonly used in ...groundwater treatment due to the high effectiveness and simple maintenance of these pressure driven membrane processes. In this research, a pilot-scale NF/RO system was used to desalinate a natural groundwater sample containing high Sr concentration (10.3 mg/L) and “old” groundwater organic matter (70.9 mg/L) from Esilalei in northern Tanzania to understand the removal of strontium by NF/RO. The impact of applied pressure (10–15 bar) and groundwater pH (3–12) on the membrane performance including permeate flux, strontium and total organic carbon (TOC) flux and removal was investigated. Increasing applied pressure was found to enhance the flux by increasing the driving force and enhance Sr and TOC removal by dilution effect (water flux higher than Sr passage). The alkaline pH caused severe flux decline likely due to membrane fouling and scaling, while it slightly enhanced Sr removal of RO membranes, but weakened the TOC removal. In contrast, acidic and neutral pH of groundwater enhanced TOC removal. These findings suggest that appropriately high applied pressure and acidic pH condition of groundwater are recommended to apply to the NF/RO membrane system in groundwater desalination to achieve better membrane performance.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Ginseng, an herbal remedy, has been commonly used in Asian countries to promote longevity and health for over 2,000 years. However, the association of ginseng consumption with all-cause ...and cause-specific mortality is still unclear. We analyzed the association of total and major cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular disease CVD, cancer, and other death) with consumption of ginseng (primarily American and white ginseng).Methods: This study included 56,183 female participants with an average follow-up of 14.7 years in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study. Data were assessed via an in-person interview conducted at baseline recruitment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ginseng-mortality associations after adjusting for confounders.Results: Compared with those who never used ginseng, regular ginseng use was associated with significantly reduced all-cause mortality (HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.98). This inverse association was seen primarily among those who consumed ginseng for perceived general health benefit (HR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.96). A significant dose-response association was observed between duration of ginseng use and total mortality (HR 0.85, for using ≥6 years vs never use; P for trend <0.001), CVD mortality (HR 0.83; P for trend = 0.019), and other-cause mortality (HR 0.76; P for trend = 0.001). However, no dose-response association was observed between amount of ginseng consumption and mortality outcomes.Conclusion: Regular ginseng consumption, particularly over a long duration, was associated with decreased risk of all causes of death, death due to CVD, and death due to certain other diseases.
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FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
The human resource (HR) architecture model has been influential in the field of strategic human resource management since its inception. This study offers a comprehensive review on this model's ...contributions to management literature by analyzing 205 journal articles which have substantively cited the three classic articles on HR architecture. Specifically, we develop a framework along two dimensions (that is, the content and the use of the HR architecture model) based on which we systematically discuss the current findings in terms of the theoretical application, empirical validation, and extension and critiques of the HR architecture model. Based on the review, we identify the research gaps in the literature of HR architecture, propose important future research directions and discuss their implications.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A mild and efficient photocatalytic C-H bond activation strategy has been developed based on organic small molecules. A combination of the excellent redox-active activity of the pyridinium unit and ...Brønsted basic site of the N-heterocyclic unit offers a concerted pathway for H abstraction through concomitant proton and electron transfer, thus solving the key dehydrogenation process of C-H bond activation. The photocatalytic system shows high performance in selective oxidation of ethylbenzene, toluene and its homologue, and a gram-level conversion of
p
-xylene into terephthalic acid has been achieved at room temperature under an air atmosphere without any co-catalysts and additives.
A mild and efficient photocatalytic C-H bond activation strategy has been developed by combining redox-active and Brønsted basic dual sites to offer a concerted pathway for H abstraction through concomitant proton and electron transfer.
•The presence of organic matter enhances Sr removal in nanofiltration.•Sr removal increases with OM concentration up to a critical OM/Sr ratio.•The critical OM/Sr ratio is 4 and 11 mgC.mg-1 for ...fermented product and humic acid.•Sr2+ is adsorbed when negatively charged Sr-OM complexes are deposited on the membrane.•Sr-OM complex and pH-driven charge effects dominate Sr removal over size-exclusion.
Strontium (Sr) removal from water is required because excessive naturally occurring Sr exposure is hazardous to human health. Climate and seasonal changes cause water quality variations, in particular quality and quantity of organic matter (OM) and pH, and such variations affect Sr removal by nanofiltration (NF). The mechanisms for such variations are not clear and thus OM complexation and speciation require attention. Sr removal by NF was investigated with emphasis on the role of OM (type and concentration) and pH (2–12) on possible removal mechanisms, specifically size and/or charge exclusion as well as solute-solute interactions. The filtration results show that the addition of various OM (10 types) and an increase of OM concentration (2–100 mgC.L−1) increased Sr removal by 10-15%. The Sr-OM interaction was enhanced with increasing OM concentration, implying enhanced size exclusion via Sr-OM interaction as the main mechanism. Such interactions were quantified by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (FFFF) coupled with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Both extremely low and high pH increased Sr removal due to the enhanced charge exclusion and Sr-OM interactions. This work elucidated and verified the mechanism of OM and pH on Sr removal by NF membranes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A pyridinium‐based complex with environment‐friendly and earth‐abundant ZnII ion was synthesized and explored as a green catalyst applied in activating molecular oxygen for the simple and efficient ...photooxidation of alcohols into aldehydes under additive‐free and mild conditions. The metal coordination was conducive to promoting the electron transfer efficiency and introducing the heavy‐atom effect for the increased generation of ⋅O2− and 1O2. Accordingly, improved photocatalytic performance of this complex compared to its precursor, no matter activity or selectivity, was obtained, facilitating the transformation of alcohols into aldehydes in a sustainable way.
Stay active: The improved activation of molecular oxygen into ⋅O2− and 1O2 is realized in a pyridinium‐based complex that has better photocatalytic performance than its precursor for the oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes, in which the metal coordination plays a critical role by increasing the electron transfer efficiency and the heavy‐atom effect.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this letter, a low-profile filtering dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. A hybrid DR consisting of three DRs with two different dielectric constants and dimensions is adopted in this ...design. Radiation nulls are generated by loading a shorting pin at the end of the microstrip line and two metal bridges between the three DRs. Then, a new resonant mode can be excited near the two resonant modes by adding a transverse stub in the feed line. To improve impedance matching and out-of-band suppression, metal posts, L-shaped and curved cross-shaped stubs with shorting pins are introduced into the proposed filtering DRA (FDRA). For demonstration, a 11.05-GHz prototype is fabricated and measured. The measurements are in good agreement with the simulated results, and the profile of the prototype is only 0.09λ 0 .
Soil nematode and microbial community composition in different tillage and residue systems were investigated in a 12-year old field experiment in Hainan Island. The experiment was based on a ...split-plot design with tillage system (conventional tillage, conv. till; reduced tillage, reduced till; no-tillage, no till) as main plots and residue management (0% residue input, 0% res.; 50% residue input, 50% res.; 100% residue input, 100% res.) as subplots. Soil samples were taken at depth of 0–40 cm in 2015–2016. A total of 56 nematode genera with relative abundance over 0.1% were identified. Rotylenchulus and Meloidogyne in 0% res. conv. till were the dominant genera. In comparison with conv. till, reduced till and no till increased the number of protozoa, bacterivores and omnivore–carnivores. In case of microflora, similar patterns were observed with greater abundance of bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in reduced till and no till than in conv. till. The residue addition soils favored bacterivores, fungivores and high colonizer-persister (c-p) value omnivores and carnivores, but less plant parasites. Soil food web in 50% res. no till, 100% res. reduced till and 100% res. no till treatments were highly structured, mature and moderately enriched as indicated by Structure (SI), Maturity (MI) and Enrichment (EI) indices, respectively. Higher number of bacterivores and lower values of Channel index (CI) suggested bacterial-dominated decomposition in no-tillage soil. Nematode community analysis indicated that no-tillage with residue addition increased nematode abundance and their functional metabolic footprint, and favored a more diverse residue resource entry into soil food webs.
•Zero or reduced tillage and residue addition increased nematode abundance and functional metabolic footprint.•Biomass of bacteria and fungi was strongly enhanced in zero or reduced tillage and residue input treatments.•Bacterial and predator–prey pathways were dominant in no-tillage and residue input practices.•Long-term no tillage and more diverse residue input reduced plant-feeding nematodes abundance.•The responses of soil nematodes to tillage and residue management were genus-dependent.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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