Talaromyces marneffei
(
T. marneffei
) can cause talaromycosis, a fatal systemic mycosis, in patients with AIDS. With the increasing number of talaromycosis cases in Guangdong, China, we aimed to ...investigate the susceptibility of 189
T. marneffei
clinical strains to eight antifungal agents, including three echinocandins (anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin), four azoles (posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole), and amphotericin B, with determining minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) by Sensititre YeastOne™ YO10 assay in the yeast phase. The MICs of anidulafungin, micafungin, caspofungin, posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B were 2 to > 8 μg/ml, >8 μg/ml, 2 to > 8 μg/ml, ≤ 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml, ≤ 0.015 to 0.03 μg/ml, ≤ 0.008 to 0.06 μg/ml, 1 to 32 μg/ml, and ≤ 0.12 to 1 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs of all echinocandins were very high, while the MICs of posaconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole, as well as amphotericin B were comparatively low. Notably, fluconazole was found to have a higher MIC than other azoles, and exhibited particularly weak activity against some isolates with MICs over 8 μg/ml. Our data in vitro support the use of amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole in management of talaromycosis and suggest potential resistance to fluconazole.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
ABSTRACT Until recently, only a handful of dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) were known at z > 4, most of them significantly amplified by gravitational lensing. Here, we have increased the number ...of such DSFGs substantially, selecting galaxies from the uniquely wide 250, 350, and 500 m Herschel-ATLAS imaging survey on the basis of their extremely red far-infrared colors and faint 350 and 500 m flux densities, based on which, they are expected to be largely unlensed, luminous, rare, and very distant. The addition of ground-based continuum photometry at longer wavelengths from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment allows us to identify the dust peak in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs), with which we can better constrain their redshifts. We select the SED templates that are best able to determine photometric redshifts using a sample of 69 high-redshift, lensed DSFGs, then perform checks to assess the impact of the CMB on our technique, and to quantify the systematic uncertainty associated with our photometric redshifts, = 0.14 (1 + z), using a sample of 25 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, each consistent with our color selection. For Herschel-selected ultrared galaxies with typical colors of S500/S250 ∼ 2.2 and S500/S350 ∼ 1.3 and flux densities, S500 ∼ 50 mJy, we determine a median redshift, , an interquartile redshift range, 3.30-4.27, with a median rest-frame 8-1000 m luminosity, , of 1.3 × 1013 L . A third of the galaxies lie at z > 4, suggesting a space density, z > 4, of 6 × 10−7 Mpc−3. Our sample contains the most luminous known star-forming galaxies, and the most overdense cluster of starbursting proto-ellipticals found to date.
The emergence of the H7N9 influenza virus in humans in Eastern China has raised concerns that a new influenza pandemic could occur. Here, we used a ferret model to evaluate the infectivity and ...transmissibility of A/Shanghai/2/2013 (SH2), a human H7N9 virus isolate. This virus replicated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the ferrets and was shed at high titers for 6 to 7 days, with ferrets showing relatively mild clinical signs. SH2 was efficiently transmitted between ferrets via direct contact, but less efficiently by airborne exposure. Pigs were productively infected by SH2 and shed virus for 6 days but were unable to transmit the virus to naïve pigs or ferrets. Under appropriate conditions, human-to-human transmission of the H7N9 virus may be possible.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present the first experimental evidence supported by simulations of kinetic effects launched in the interpenetration layer between the laser-driven hohlraum plasma bubbles and the corona plasma of ...the compressed pellet at the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. Solid plastic capsules were coated with carbon-deuterium layers; as the implosion neutron yield is quenched, DD fusion yield from the corona plasma provides a direct measure of the kinetic effects inside the hohlraum. An anomalous large energy spread of the DD neutron signal (∼282 keV) and anomalous scaling of the neutron yield with the thickness of the carbon-deuterium layers cannot be explained by the hydrodynamic mechanisms. Instead, these results can be attributed to kinetic shocks that arise in the hohlraum-wall-ablator interpenetration region, which result in efficient acceleration of the deuterons (∼28.8 J, 0.45% of the total input laser energy). These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of a vacuum hohlraum and near-vacuum hohlraum.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Charged polar interfaces such as charged ferroelectric walls or heterostructured interfaces of ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O and LaAlO3/SrTiO3, across which the normal component of electric polarization changes ...suddenly, can host large two-dimensional conduction. Charged ferroelectric walls, which are energetically unfavourable in general, were found to be mysteriously abundant in hybrid improper ferroelectric (Ca,Sr)3Ti2O7 crystals. From the exploration of antiphase boundaries in bilayer-perovskites, here we discover that each of four polarization-direction states is degenerate with two antiphase domains, and these eight structural variants form a Z4 × Z2 domain structure with Z3 vortices and five distinct types of domain walls, whose topology is directly relevant to the presence of abundant charged walls. We also discover a zipper-like nature of antiphase boundaries, which are the reversible creation/annihilation centres of pairs of two types of ferroelectric walls (and also Z3-vortex pairs) in 90° and 180° polarization switching. Our results demonstrate the unexpectedly rich nature of hybrid improper ferroelectricity.
•The flow and heat transfer of a channel with a twisted-tape pin-fin array were studied.•The multiple vortical flows induced by the twisted-tape pin-fin array increased the heat transfer rate.•The Nu ...value of the designed channel was 5.26–4.73 times higher than that of a plain tube.•The TPF value of the designed channel was 1.55–1.39 times higher than that of the plain tube.•The Nu and f correlations of the designed channel were determined.
In this study, an innovative twisted-tape pin-fin array was proposed for passive heat transfer enhancement (HTE) to improve the aerothermal performance of channel flows. The full-field Nusselt number distributions, Fanning friction coefficients and thermal performance factors of an improved channel were measured at Reynolds numbers of 5000, 7500, 10,000, 12,500, and 15,000. The turbulent channel flows were numerically explored using the ANSYS-Fluent code to perform correlative analysis between the aerothermal measurements and numerical flow results. A set of aerothermal data and numerical flow results was selected to illustrate the properties of HTE and the responsive flow mechanisms. Because of the vortical flows induced by each twisted tape in the array, the average measured Nusselt numbers and Fanning friction coefficients of the improved channel were 5.26–4.73 and 39.4–38.5 times higher than those of a plain tube, respectively; thus, the thermal performance factor (TPF) of the improved channel was 1.55–1.39 when 5000 <Re< 15,000. Compared with the pin-fin channels with different geometries reported in the literature, the twisted-tape pin-fin channel designed in this study provided a higher degree of HTE and thus a higher TPF at the same pressure drop penalty and pumping power. On the basis of the experimental results, two empirical correlations that were used to evaluate the average endwall Nusselt number and Fanning friction coefficient of the designed pin-fin channel were proposed for relevant applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Various minimally invasive approaches have been described for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. This article describes a modified minimal‐access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy ...(MARPN) procedure assisted by gas insufflation.
Methods
This retrospective, observational study documented patients who had undergone a step‐up MARPN between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. A minimum follow‐up of 1 year was required for inclusion. The step‐up approach involved percutaneous catheter drainage followed by the modified MARPN and necrosectomy. If more than one access site was needed it was categorized as complex MARPN.
Results
Of 212 patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis, 164 (77·4 per cent) underwent a step‐up approach. The median number of percutaneous catheter drains and MARPN procedures was 3 (range 1–7) and 1 (1–6) respectively. Ninety patients (54·9 per cent) underwent complex MARPN. For residual necrosis after MARPN, three patients (1·8 per cent) underwent sinus tract gastroscopy, and 11 (6·7 per cent) had sinography combined with a tube change. However, operations in 13 patients (7·9 per cent) required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications developed in 103 patients (62·8 per cent). The mortality rate was 6·1 per cent (10 deaths).
Conclusion
A step‐up approach using a modified MARPN for infected necrotizing pancreatitis is a reasonable option.
Antecedentes
Los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos se han convertido en los más frecuentes para el tratamiento de necrosis pancreáticas infectadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar un procedimiento de necrosectomía pancreática retroperitoneal de acceso mínimo (minimal‐access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy, MARPN) modificado y asistido mediante insuflación de gases, así como evaluar su seguridad y eficacia.
Métodos
Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo y observacional de los datos de un hospital desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016. Se incluyeron en el análisis todos los pacientes en los que realizó un abordaje por etapas, que consistía en el drenaje percutáneo mediante la colocación de un catéter seguido de un procedimiento MARPN modificado, en los que se dispusiese de un seguimiento postoperatorio mínimo de 1 año. El MARPN en el lado derecho y la necrosectomía realizada a través de más de un acceso se clasificaron como MARPN complejo. Se evaluaron los resultados radiológicos y quirúrgicos.
Resultados
De 212 pacientes con necrosis pancreática infectada, en 164 (77,4%) se realizó un abordaje por etapas. La mediana del número de drenajes percutáneos y procedimientos MARPN fue 3 (rango, 1‐7) y 1 (rango, 1‐6), respectivamente. En 90 pacientes (54,9%) se realizó un MARPN complejo. Para la exéresis de necrosis residual después de un MARPN, en 3 pacientes (1,8%) se realizó mediante gastroscopia y en 11 pacientes (6,7%) con un recambio de drenaje bajo control radiológico. En 13 pacientes (7,9%) fue necesaria la reconversión a cirugía abierta. Hubo complicaciones postoperatorias en 103 pacientes (62,8%). La tasa de mortalidad fue del 6,1% (n = 10).
Conclusión
El abordaje por etapas con un MARPN modificado es seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento de la necrosis pancreática infectada.
Minimally invasive approaches have been used increasingly in the management of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. This study presents a modified minimal‐access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy procedure assisted by carbon dioxide insufflation, instead of saline. A clear field of view without necrotic debris floating in saline makes the technique safe and efficient.
High degree of success
VIDEO
Presented in part to the Joint Congress of the Sixth Biennial Congress of the Asian–Pacific Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Association and the 29th Meeting of the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Yokohama, Japan, June 2017
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We analyzed the dynamics of crop yields and soil organic carbon content (SOC) in a long-term fertilization experiment carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The experiment with crop ...rotation of winter wheat and summer maize started in 1990 and had seven treatments receiving N, P, and K at the same rates if it was applied. The treatments were inorganic fertilization (NPK, NP, PK, NK), organic fertilization (ON), half amount of N from inorganic fertilizer and another half from compost (1/2ON), and no fertilization as control (CK). On average, over 14 years (1990–2003), both wheat and maize yields were the highest and most stable in the NPK treatment. Average wheat and maize yields were 23.7% and 18.0% lower in ON, respectively, and slightly but significantly lower (1.9% and 1.5%, respectively) in 1/2ON than those in NPK. Unbalanced inorganic fertilization without K (NP) was not sustainable for achieving high yields. There was a significant logarithmic relationship between roots and compost input and SOC content in 0–20 cm in 2003. Over the time of the study SOC storage in 0–20 cm increased by 12.2 Mg C ha
−
1
in ON, 7.8 Mg C ha
−
1
in 1/2ON, and 3.7 Mg C ha
−
1
in NPK, and decreased by 1.6 Mg C ha
−
1
in NK and 1.4 Mg C ha
−
1
in CK. Measured dynamics of SOC and model simulation predictions showed that the SOC in NPK, ON and 1/2ON almost reached equilibrium in 2003. These results indicate that although the balanced application of chemical fertilizers of N, P, and K maintains the crop production in the region, it is not an ideal practice from the point view of carbon sequestration in soil. Application of compost alone has a reverse effect on crop yields and carbon sequestration in soil. Therefore, mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is a compromise between food security and soil carbon sequestration in the region.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Summary Approximately 27–37% of the people experienced prolonged sleep duration and 12–16% reported shortened sleep duration. However, prolonged or shortened sleep duration may be associated with ...serious health problems. A comprehensive, flexible, non-linear meta-regression with restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to investigate the dose–response relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in adults. Medline (Ovid), Embase, EBSCOhost—PsycINFO, and EBSCOhost—CINAHL Plus databases, reference lists of relevant review articles, and included studies were searched up to Nov. 29, 2015. Prospective cohort studies investigating the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in adults with at least three categories of sleep duration were eligible for inclusion. We eventually included in our study 40 cohort studies enrolling 2,200,425 participants with 271,507 deaths. A J-shaped association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality was present: compared with 7 hours of sleep (reference for 24-hour sleep duration), both shorted and prolonged sleep durations were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (4 hours: relative risk RR = 1.05; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.02–1.07; 5 hours: RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.09; 6 hours: RR =1.04; 95% CI = 1.03–1.06; 8 hours: RR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02–1.05; 9 hours: RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.10–1.16; 10 hours: RR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.22–1.29; 11 hours: RR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.33–1.44; n = 29; P < 0.01 for non-linear test). With regard to the night-sleep duration, prolonged night-sleep duration was associated with increased all-cause mortality (8 hours: RR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.99–1.02; 9 hours: RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04–1.11; 10 hours: RR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.21–1.28; n = 13; P < 0.01 for non-linear test). Subgroup analysis showed females with short sleep duration a day (<7 h) were at high risk of all-cause mortality (4 hours: RR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02–1.13; 5 hours: RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03–1.14; 6 hours: RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02–1.09), but males were not (4 hours: RR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.96–1.06; 5 hours: RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97–1.08; 6 hours: RR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.98–1.06). The current evidence suggests that insufficient or prolonged sleep may increase all-cause mortality. Women may be more susceptible to short sleep duration on all-cause mortality. Glossary of terms Restricted cubic spline: A smoothly joined piecewise polynomial with third-order polynomials fitted within each piecewise, which the left and (or) right tail of the curve are (is) restricted to linear. The joints of polynomials refer to knots. This function is usually used to fit the non-linear relationship.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Selective laser melting (SLM) of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) was studied systematically for the resulting density and surface roughness. It was found that high laser energy density could not ...guarantee dense SLM NiTi SMAs. Furthermore, the phase composition and transformation temperatures varied remarkably with delicate change of laser power and scanning speed. Mechanical tests suggested that the SLM NiTi alloys made under the optimal process parameters (70 W in laser power and 105 mm/s in laser scanning speed) had an ultimate tensile strength of 788 MPa, an elongation of 7.43% in austenite state. Bending shape memory test revealed that 100% recovery rate was obtained in a sequent bending test (45°→90°→180°→270°→360°), and the bending deformation was fully recovered in ten-time cycle bending test at 180°, and recovery rate was 97% after ten-time cycle bending test at 360°. The excellent bending shape memory properties was attributed to high-density dislocations and Ti2Ni nanoprecipitates which impeded the occurrence of plastic deformation effectively. The findings in this study demonstrated that SLM NiTi parts had excellent shape memory properties and was promising for industrial applications.
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•The effect of process parameters on the density, surface roughness, and transformation behaviors for SLM NiTi were studied.•High laser energy density could not guarantee dense SLM NiTi SMAs.•Fully recovered bending deformation in ten-time cycle at 180°, and 97% recovery rate after ten-time cycle at 360°.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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