Cooperative diversity (CD) networks have been receiving a lot of attention recently as a distributed means of improving error performance and capacity. For sufficiently large signal-to-noise ratio ...(SNR), this paper derives the average symbol error probability (SEP) for analog forwarding CD links. The resulting expressions are general as they hold for an arbitrary number of cooperating branches, arbitrary number of cooperating hops per branch, and various channel fading models. Their simplicity provides valuable insights to the performance of CD networks and suggests means of optimizing them. Besides revealing the diversity, they clearly show from where this advantage comes from and prove that presence of diversity does not depend on the specific (e.g., Rayleigh) fading distribution. Finally, they explain how diversity is improved in multihop CD networks.
Abstract
Motivation
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of the same organism can be different under different conditions, although the overall network structure may be similar. Understanding the ...difference in GRNs under different conditions is important to understand condition-specific gene regulation. When gene expression and other relevant data under two different conditions are available, they can be used by an existing network inference algorithm to estimate two GRNs separately, and then to identify the difference between the two GRNs. However, such an approach does not exploit the similarity in two GRNs, and may sacrifice inference accuracy.
Results
In this paper, we model GRNs with the structural equation model (SEM) that can integrate gene expression and genetic perturbation data, and develop an algorithm named fused sparse SEM (FSSEM), to jointly infer GRNs under two conditions, and then to identify difference of the two GRNs. Computer simulations demonstrate that the FSSEM algorithm outperforms the approaches that estimate two GRNs separately. Analysis of a dataset of lung cancer and another dataset of gastric cancer with FSSEM inferred differential GRNs in cancer versus normal tissues, whose genes with largest network degrees have been reported to be implicated in tumorigenesis. The FSSEM algorithm provides a valuable tool for joint inference of two GRNs and identification of the differential GRN under two conditions.
Availability and implementation
The R package fssemR implementing the FSSEM algorithm is available at https://github.com/Ivis4ml/fssemR.git. It is also available on CRAN.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The main objective of this work is to identify the end-gas combustion mode transition under different initial thermodynamic conditions and to focus on the role of pressure waves in autoignition ...formation and detonation development in the confined space by a group of two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations with detailed chemistry of H2/air mixture. Pressure waves with different strengths are obtained by the flame acceleration in closed chambers with and without obstacles under three different initial temperatures. The results indicate that with the increase of initial temperature, there exist three different end-gas autoignition transition modes: autoignition promoted by strong flame acceleration, autoignition suppressed by weak flame acceleration and autoignition independent of flame acceleration. It is also shown that there are three types of end-gas autoignition-induced detonation initiation: (1) detonation initiated directly by the pressure wave generated from the flame propagation; (2) detonation initiated directly by the pressure wave generated from other hot-spot autoignition; (3) autoignition to detonation transition based on the reactivity gradient theory. Meanwhile, to further identify the autoignition transition mode under continuous variation of pressure wave intensity and initial temperature, an idealized physical model, with the Mach number of the pressure wave as the link between the flame propagation duration and autoignition time of the end-gas, is proposed. It is shown that the autoignition can be suppressed by the elevated flame speed when the pressure wave is weak, while it cannot be prevented intrinsically when the temperature of the end-gas is high or the pressure wave is strong enough. Moreover, different autoignition propagation modes are identified from Bradley's diagram, including deflagration, developing detonation and thermal explosion, and the combined effects of reactivity and pressure wave strength are discussed as well.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With the development of deep learning (DL), more and more methods based on deep learning are proposed and achieve state-of-the-art performance in biomedical image segmentation. However, these methods ...are usually complex and require the support of powerful computing resources. According to the actual situation, it is impractical that we use huge computing resources in clinical situations. Thus, it is significant to develop accurate DL based biomedical image segmentation methods which depend on resources-constraint computing.
A lightweight and multiscale network called PyConvU-Net is proposed to potentially work with low-resources computing. Through strictly controlled experiments, PyConvU-Net predictions have a good performance on three biomedical image segmentation tasks with the fewest parameters.
Our experimental results preliminarily demonstrate the potential of proposed PyConvU-Net in biomedical image segmentation with resources-constraint computing.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The direct employment of polyfluoroarenes and gem -difluoroalkenes as building blocks is regarded as one of the most effective and straightforward strategies for the introduction of ...fluorine-containing moieties into organic skeletons. Accordingly, radical chemistry has gradually become a mild and powerful method for the activation of their C–F bonds. The radical-based transformations of polyfluoroarenes and gem -difluoroalkenes can be primarily categorized into three types based on the specific intermediates involved: (1) multifluoroaryl radical anions, (2) monofluoroalkenyl radicals and (3) other radicals. Compared with the more established multifluoroaryl radical anion pathway, the monofluoroalkenyl radical-involved cross-coupling reaction can proceed through C-radical cross-coupling, radical addition/elimination or the hydrogen atom transfer process. For the presented examples in this review, the typical reaction modes, substrate scope, radical-involved mechanisms, and late-stage applications in the modification of bioactive molecules are discussed, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances of the radical-based transformations of polyfluoroarenes and gem -difluoroalkenes.
Text matching, as a core technology of natural language processing, plays a key role in tasks such as question-and-answer systems and information retrieval. In recent years, the development of neural ...networks, attention mechanisms, and large-scale language models has significantly contributed to the advancement of text-matching technology. However, the rapid development of the field also poses challenges in fully understanding the overall impact of these technological improvements. This paper aims to provide a concise, yet in-depth, overview of the field of text matching, sorting out the main ideas, problems, and solutions for text-matching methods based on statistical methods and neural networks, as well as delving into matching methods based on large-scale language models, and discussing the related configurations, API applications, datasets, and evaluation methods. In addition, this paper outlines the applications and classifications of text matching in specific domains and discusses the current open problems that are being faced and future research directions, to provide useful references for further developments in the field.
Relay links are expected to play a critical role in the design of wireless networks. This paper investigates the energy efficiency of relay communications in the low-power regime under two different ...scenarios: when the relay has unlimited power supply and when it has limited power supply. A system with a source node, a destination node, and a single relay operating in the time division duplex (TDD) mode was considered. Analysis and simulations are used to compare the energy required for transmitting one information bit in three different relay schemes: amplify and forward (AnF), decode and forward (DnF), and block Markov coding (BMC). Relative merits of these relay schemes in comparison with direct transmissions (direct Tx) are discussed. The optimal allocation of power and transmission time between source and relay is also studied.
Global trends in exclusive breastfeeding Cai, Xiaodong; Wardlaw, Tessa; Brown, David W
International breastfeeding journal,
09/2012, Volume:
7, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Infant and young child feeding is critical for child health and survival. Proportion of infants 0-5 months who are fed exclusively with breast milk is a common indicator used for monitoring and ...evaluating infant and young child feeding in a given country and region. Despite progress made since 1990, a previous review in 2006 of global and regional trends found improvement to be modest. The current study provides an update in global and regional trends in exclusive breastfeeding from 1995 to 2010, taking advantage of the wealth of data from recent household surveys.
Using the global database of infant and young child feeding maintained by the United Nations Children's Fund, the authors examined estimates from 440 household surveys in 140 countries over the period between 1995 and 2010 and calculated global and regional averages of the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants 0-5 months for the two time points to assess the trends.
Trend data suggest the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants younger than six months in developing countries increased from 33% in 1995 to 39% in 2010. The prevalence increased in almost all regions in the developing world, with the biggest improvement seen in West and Central Africa.
In spite of the well-recognized importance of exclusive breastfeeding, the practice is not widespread in the developing world and increase on the global level is still very modest with much room for improvement. Child nutrition programmes worldwide continue to require investments and commitments to improve infant feeding practices in order to have maximum impact on children's lives.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Accumulating evidence indicates that CD36 initiates metastasis and correlates with an unfavorable prognosis in cancers. However, there are few reports regarding the roles of CD36 in initiation and ...metastasis of cervical cancer.
Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed 133 cervical cancer samples for CD36 protein expression levels, and then investigated the correlation between changes in its expression and clinicopathologic parameters. The effect of CD36 expression on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer cells was evaluated by Western immunoblotting analysis. In vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis assays were also used to evaluate the role of CD36 in cervical cancer metastasis.
In the present study, we confirmed that CD36 was highly expressed in cervical cancer samples relative to normal cervical tissues. Moreover, overexpression of CD36 promoted invasiveness and metastasis of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, while CD36 knockdown suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. We demonstrated that TGF-β treatment attenuated E-cadherin expression and enhanced the expression levels of CD36, vimentin, slug, snail, and twist in si-SiHa, si-HeLa, and C33a-CD36 cells, suggesting that TGF-β synergized with CD36 on EMT via active CD36 expression. We also observed that the expression levels of TGF-β in si-SiHa cells and si-HeLa cells were down-regulated, whereas the expression levels of TGF-β were up-regulated in C33a-CD36 cells. These results imply that CD36 and TGF-β interact with each other to promote the EMT in cervical cancer.
Our findings suggest that CD36 is likely to be an effective target for guiding individualized clinical therapy of cervical cancer.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
