Abstract This study integrates ten years of daily weather, traffic, and air pollution data across the six largest Norwegian cities, utilizing data from the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, the ...Norwegian Institute of Air Research, and the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. The compilation of this dataset involved detailed selection and verification of monitoring stations to ensure consistency and accuracy. Initial data collection focused on the top ten most populous cities in Norway, with the subsequent examination of traffic and air pollution monitoring sites. Weather variables were then matched to the selected sites, resulting in a comprehensive dataset from 2009 to 2018. The resulting dataset encompasses extensive information, including harmful pollutants such as Nitric oxide (NO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), Nitrogen oxides (NO x ), Particulate Matter less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM 2.5 ), and Particulate Matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM 10 ). The dataset’s potential for further analysis and its utility in informing policy decisions underscore its significance. This integrated dataset is a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers alike, facilitating comprehensive studies on the intersection of weather, traffic, and air pollution in urban environments.
Since 1978, alongside China’s rise as a leading country in science, technology and innovation (STI), the studies of the country’s STI have been emerging as a field attracting increasing scholarly ...attention. Using the bibliometric method and the data from the Web of Science (WoS), this paper seeks to provide a comprehensive picture of the studies of China’s STI. The findings show that scholarly interests in China’s STI started in 1995 and have since developed rapidly; institutions in China, the U.S. and the U.K. are main contributors to the field, contributing 50%, 27.2% and 12% of the scholarship respectively, with Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences being three major institutional contributors. Seminal works have been focused on STI issues at the macro or national, meso or industrial and regional, and micro or organizational and firm levels. A possible agenda for further research is to develop new theories based on China’s practice paying specific attention to issues including R&D expenditure, S&T performance evaluation, regional innovation ecosystem, SOEs in innovation and the role of the Chinese Communist Party in innovation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Nobel Prize is a prestigious award for outstanding contributions in different fields of science. However, the issue of how Nobel laureates stand out from all nominees remains a “black box” to be ...explored. Using data on nominees and nominators for the prizes in physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine from 1901 to 1950, in this study, the influences of the academic impact of a nominee’s research, social identities of nominators, and the interaction between the two factors on the nominee’s chance of winning were explored. The main determinants for a nominee to receive a Nobel Prize include the academic impact as measured by using L-index and h-index, and nominators’ academic identity. However, significant disciplinary differences exist in terms of the influences of such factors. In physics, a nominee’s L-index showed a very significant and positive effect, and nominators’ administrative identity was helpful, and also their interactions. In chemistry, a nominee’s h-index, as well as a nominator’s administrative identity and academic identity, were all significant, and similar to physics, interactions between L-index and administrative identity could also increase a nominee’s probability of winning the prize. In physiology or medicine, nominee’s h-index and nominators’ academic identity were of great concern, and when a nominee with a high h-index was nominated by a nominator with a high academic identity, the nominee’s chance of being awarded was observed to be increased.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Temperature is an essential factor that counts for living systems where complicated vital activities are usually temperature dependent. In vivo temperature mapping based on non-contact optical ...approach will be beneficial for revealing the physiological phenomena behind with minimized influence to the organism. Herein, a highly thermal-sensitive upconversion system based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) mechanism is pioneered to indicate body temperature variation sensitively over the physiological temperature range. The temperature-insensitive NaYF
: Nd nanophosphors with NIR emission was incorporated into the temperature-responsive TTA-upconversion system to serve as an internal calibration unit. Consequently, a ratiometric thermometer capable of accurately monitoring the temperature changes in vivo was developed with high thermal sensitivity (~7.1% K
) and resolution (~0.1 K).
Developing bifunctional catalysts for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is a promising approach to the practical implementation of electrocatalytic water splitting. However, most of the ...reported bifunctional catalysts are only applicable to alkaline electrolyzer, although a few are effective in acidic or neutral media that appeals more to industrial applications. Here, a lithium‐intercalated iridium diselenide (Li‐IrSe2) is developed that outperformed other reported catalysts toward overall water splitting in both acidic and neutral environments. Li intercalation activated the inert pristine IrSe2 via bringing high porosities and abundant Se vacancies for efficient hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. When Li‐IrSe2 was assembled into two‐electrode electrolyzers for overall water splitting, the cell voltages at 10 mA cm−2 were 1.44 and 1.50 V under pH 0 and 7, respectively, being record‐low values in both conditions.
Lithium‐intercalated iridium diselenide (Li‐IrSe2) is presented, outperforming other reported catalysts toward overall water splitting in both acidic and neutral environments. Li intercalation activated the inert pristine IrSe2 by bringing about high porosities and abundant Se vacancies for efficient hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•The cationic porous organic polymer was prepared via a catalyst-free reaction.•The material was used as a novel ion exchanger to remove dyes and Pd(II) ions.•The polymer adsorbed ...anionic pollutants in a high-capacity, fast, and selective way.•The adsorption amount to Pd(II) metal ions is a record-high value.•The breakthrough test showed the potential as an ion exchanger for water treatment.
The emerging ionic porous organic materials have achieved various applications in different fields, however, there is limited study on using them to capture ionic pollutants from water. Here we demonstrate a facile method to prepare a cationic porous organic polymer via catalyst-free Schiff base reaction. The imidazolium-based polymer (ImPOP-1) was constructed through copolymerizing cationic molecules with low-cost benzidine. The as-prepared ImPOP-1 exhibits high capacity (e.g., 476.2 mg g–1 for Pd (II) and 578.5 mg g–1 for AO7−), excellent selectivity (e.g., more than 99% removal efficiency for Pd (II) in the presence of 100 times excess of SO42–), and fast kinetics (e.g., 98.6% removal efficiency within 5 min for Pd (II) ions) to the anionic pollutants including organic dyes and heavy metal ions. The excellent performance on scavenging anionic pollutants from water suggests that ImPOP-1 holds promising potential as an ion exchange material for water remediation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Iron deficiency is a global nutritional problem that adversely affects the functional regulation of the immune system. In the process of treatment through iron supplementation, the problem of ...excessive iron intake often occurs, which increases the level of inflammation in the body. Excessive iron can also lead to an increase in intestinal iron-requiring pathogenic bacteria and an imbalance of intestinal flora. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of Ejiao peptide-iron (EPI) chelates on the intestinal flora and inflammation of ICR mice having iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The mice were given low, medium, and high doses of EPI and FeSO
4
(1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg Fe per kg weight, respectively) daily for 4 weeks by intragastric administration. IDA mice showed increased inflammation levels and decreased sIgA secretion, which were restored after intervention with EPI at different doses. Intestinal mucosal ulcers, inflammatory cell infiltration, and oxidative stress in the colon tissue were reduced, and intestinal permeability was improved. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed that EPI increased microbial diversity and richness, changing the community structure, therefore, alleviating microbiota dysbiosis caused by IDA (
e.g.
the proportion of
Firmicutes
/
Bacteroides
). Different from the traditional iron supplement FeSO
4
, when the pathogenic bacteria (
e.g. Helicobacter
and
Erysipelatoclostridium
) increase and the beneficial bacteria (
e.g. Bifidobacterium
and
Blautia
) decrease at high doses, EPI shows higher safety at a high dose, thereby maintaining a healthier intestinal homeostasis.
Ejiao peptide-iron chelates not only improved blood hemogram, but also alleviated intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis caused by iron-deficiency anemia in mice.
Rockburst is one of the critical safety concerns for underground engineering. The acoustic emission (AE) activity that occurs during rockburst is one of its notable characteristics. Because rockburst ...is induced by complexity factors, the prediction of rockburst has been investigated widely, yet few methods have been applied in depth. In this study, dynamic process of rockburst was investigated, and the information entropy of the dominant frequency was determined to be an indicator of rockburst. A series of true triaxial tests were conducted, and AE signals associated with the evolution of rock failure were collected. The AE data were treated with the fast Fourier transform to acquire the dominant frequency. Then, the information entropy of the dominant frequency was obtained, and a significant drop of the entropy value right after it reached the peak was observed. Finally, based on the comprehensive analysis of AE energy, dominant-frequency entropy, and other precursory information of rock failure, a multiparameter synergetic method of predicting rockburst is proposed. This research has important theoretical significance for improving the prediction accuracy of rockburst.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Multi-party quantum summation is the premise for implementing other complex multi-party quantum computing tasks. Here, a hybrid protocol is proposed to simultaneously implement secure multi-party ...quantum summation and sorting, which consists of one server and
n
clients. The proposed protocol is based on the blind matrix method and quantum Fourier transform, which possesses secret-by-secret computation type and star network topology structure between the server and clients. It can resist multiple attack modes including intercept-measurement attack, intercept-resend attack, entangle-measurement attack, collusion attack, server attack, collective attack, and coherent attack. In the process of implementing the protocol, the client only needs to perform simple quantum operations, which is considerably different from previous protocols. Therefore, the protocol has advantages of high security, high efficiency, broad application scenarios, and good practicability.
We examined hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress reactivity as an indicator of differential susceptibility in moderating the links between family socioeconomic status (SES) and executive function ...(EF) in three-year-old urban Chinese children. The participants included 77 children (36 girls) and their families. Family income, parents’ education, and level of occupation were reported by the mothers and aggregated into a composite index of family SES. We assessed the children’s biological reactivity by salivary cortisol responses to a mild stressor, which we calculated by the area under the curve with respect to increase. We measured EF skills with a series of laboratory tasks. The results revealed significant interactive effects of SES and cortisol reactivity on children’s cognitive inhibitory control. More specifically, SES was significantly related to cognitive inhibitory control for children with higher cortisol reactivity. Conversely, for children with lower cortisol reactivity, there were no significant correlations between SES and cognitive inhibitory control. Region of significance analyses indicated a moderating effect supporting the “bright side” of differential susceptibility, meaning that high cortisol reactive children were more likely to benefit from high levels of SES. The results also manifested a direct association between SES and children’s working memory, and this association was not dependent on the features of cortisol reactivity. SES did not relate to hot EF. The results highlight the SES disparity in different EF elements and may help in the development of targeted interventions.
Highlights
Effects of family socioeconomic status (SES) and its interplay with cortisol reactivity on children’s executive function (EF) were tested in Chinese children.
Cortisol reactivity moderated the association between family SES and children’s cognitive inhibitory control.
SES was significantly related to cognitive inhibitory control for children with higher but not lower cortisol reactivity.
Further analyses indicated a moderating effect, supporting the “bright side” of the differential susceptibility model.
The association between SES and children’s working memory did not vary with the features of cortisol reactivity.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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