The first part of the book, Types of creative travelers, consists of five chapters and summarizes the knowledge and findings of practitioners and researchers on recognizing and understanding ...different types of creative travellers. The second part, "Marketing - Reaching and Attracting Creative Travelers," addresses the multiple aspects of marketing, promotion and communication, commercialization, and market readiness, and complements the chapters in Part I on identifying and understanding different types of creative travellers. ...examples of market segmentation and product development and life cycle are examined. Tourism industry perspectives on key aspects of market thinking are presented, and advice and strategies for creating a strategic marketing plan for a creative tourism initiative are provided.
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CEKLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
This randomized controlled trial was performed to investigate whether placebo effects in chronic low back pain could be harnessed ethically by adding open-label placebo (OLP) treatment to treatment ...as usual (TAU) for 3 weeks. Pain severity was assessed on three 0- to 10-point Numeric Rating Scales, scoring maximum pain, minimum pain, and usual pain, and a composite, primary outcome, total pain score. Our other primary outcome was back-related dysfunction, assessed on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. In an exploratory follow-up, participants on TAU received placebo pills for 3 additional weeks. We randomized 97 adults reporting persistent low back pain for more than 3 months' duration and diagnosed by a board-certified pain specialist. Eighty-three adults completed the trial. Compared to TAU, OLP elicited greater pain reduction on each of the three 0- to 10-point Numeric Rating Scales and on the 0- to 10-point composite pain scale (P < 0.001), with moderate to large effect sizes. Pain reduction on the composite Numeric Rating Scales was 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.0) in the OLP group and 0.2 (-0.3 to 0.8) in the TAU group. Open-label placebo treatment also reduced disability compared to TAU (P < 0.001), with a large effect size. Improvement in disability scores was 2.9 (1.7-4.0) in the OLP group and 0.0 (-1.1 to 1.2) in the TAU group. After being switched to OLP, the TAU group showed significant reductions in both pain (1.5, 0.8-2.3) and disability (3.4, 2.2-4.5). Our findings suggest that OLP pills presented in a positive context may be helpful in chronic low back pain.
Fiber intake is associated with better glycemic control being an important nonpharmacologicaltreatment for diabetes (DM). We hypothesize that a dietary fiber intake can bringbenefits to diabetic ...kidney disease (DKD), improving renal outcomes. This systematic review aimedto evaluate the effect of dietary fiber (supplemental or dietary pattern rich in fiber) on DKD. Wesearched six databases to identify clinical trials that reported fiber intake and renal outcomes(albuminuria, proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dialysis) in patients with DM.From 1814 studies, 48 papers were fully evaluated. In the end, seven trials (161 patients, aged 58.3years, 49% females) were included. The studies were organized into three categories (vegetarian,Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and fiber supplement), two evaluatedsupplements and five dietary patterns. Vegetarian diet reduced albuminuria in three trials, two inpatients with type 1 DM and one in patients with type 2 DM; and one study demonstrated a change inthe eGFR in type 1 DM. The individual quality of the studies was low/uncertain. A vegetarian dietarypattern may have a beneficial effect on these renal outcomes. However, the individual effect of theintake of fiber on DKD not was possible to be evaluated.
Within tourism research, there has been little attention to research-practice knowledge exchange during the research process nor to practice-based research. This article examines a ...research-and-application project on creative tourism in which research-practice collaboration is explicitly foregrounded and made central. Through a reflexive process, the challenges this hybrid approach embodies and the pragmatic dilemmas that accompany the complexities of building closer research-practice relations and capturing practice-based knowledge are examined in three strategic areas: developing spaces for ongoing knowledge exchange, enabling practitioners to take on the role of co-researcher, and fostering researchers' close attention to the application side of the project. In the context of the CREATOUR project, hybrid roles question who can do research, reinforce consideration of the added value of research processes for practitioners, and lead researchers to go beyond traditional research activities, with this 'disruptive' context causing tensions, uncertainties, and dynamic co-learning situations. Ongoing interactions over time are necessary to build relations, understanding, and trust, while flexibility and responsiveness are vital to address emerging issues. Training on research-practice collaboration, knowledge transfer, and mentorship techniques for both researchers and practitioners is advised. Challenges in integrating practice-based knowledge directly into research articles suggest a customized communication platform may be a useful 'bridging' mechanism between practice-based and academic knowledge systems.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the recent burst of technological developments in genomics, and the clinical implementation of genome-wide assays, our understanding of the molecular basis of genomic disorders, specifically the ...contribution of structural variation to disease burden, is evolving quickly. Ongoing studies have revealed a ubiquitous role for genome architecture in the formation of structural variants at a given locus, both in DNA recombination-based processes and in replication-based processes. These reports showcase the influence of repeat sequences on genomic stability and structural variant complexity and also highlight the tremendous plasticity and dynamic nature of our genome in evolution, health and disease susceptibility.
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IJS, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•The endocannabinoid system is involved in skin homeostasis.•Endocannabinoid system deregulation is linked with skin diseases. CB1 receptor inactivation and CB2 receptor activation ...show anti-fibrotic effects.•Other cannabinoid related receptors, like A2A and PPAR-γ,mediate endocannabinoid effects on wound repair and scarring.•A2A and PPAR-γ activation by endocannabinoidslead to a pro and anti-fibrotic effect, respectively.
Recently, the endocannabinoid system has been identified in skin and it has been linked with the formation of skin fibrosis and wound healing. We aimed to find and analyse reported data on compounds acting in the endocannabinoid system with significant effect in skin fibrosis.
A literature search on PUBMED was conducted for studies published in English until February 2020 on cannabinoids and skin fibrosis. The initial search was performed with terms: “cannabinoid” AND “skin”. This search retrieved 296 publications from which 18 directly related to skin fibrosis or wound healing process were included in this review.
CB1 receptor inactivation and CB2 receptor activation show anti-fibrotic effects on cellular and animal experimental models of cutaneous fibrosis. CB2 receptor activation also promotes re-epithelization. Other cannabinoid related receptors, like adenosine A2A receptors and PPAR-γ, are also involved. Their activation lead to a pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic effect, respectively.
Several molecular drug targets for endocannabinoid system were identified in skin. It may be a promising approach for the treatment of excessive skin fibrosis disorders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Previous studies showed that cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) is linked with skin fibrosis and scar tissue formation in mice. Therefore, the topical use of cannabinoids may have a role in the prevention ...or treatment of local fibrotic and wound healing diseases as hypertrophic scars or keloids. In this study, we asked whether CB1 activation or inactivation would change fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblast and collagen deposition in skin human fibroblast.
Primary cultures of adult human fibroblasts were obtained from abdominal human skin. Cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β, 10ng/ml) and treated with a CB1 selective agonist (arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide, ACEA 1 μM) and an antagonist (AM251 1, 5 and 10 μM). Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified using Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot. Collagen was quantified with Sirius Red staining assay. Significance was assessed by One-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
TGF-β significantly increases α-SMA expression. ACEA 1 μM significantly increases collagen deposition but does not change α-SMA expression. AM251 10 μM added in the absence and the presence of ACEA reduces α-SMA expression and collagen content in TGF-β treated cells. AM251 shows a concentration-dependent effect over collagen deposition with a pIC50 of 5.5 (4.6–6.4). TGF-β significantly increases CB1 receptor expression.
CB1 inactivation with AM251 prevents fibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition, induced by TGF-β in human fibroblasts. The outcome supports that CB1 is a molecular target for wound healing disorders and in vivo and pre-clinical studies should be implemented to clarify this premise.
•Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) is involved skin wound healing in humans.•AM251 (CB1 antagonist) has an antifibrotic effect in human fibroblasts.•CB1 receptor inactivation might be a novel approach for skin fibrotic diseases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Este artigo tem por base a experiência de implementação de um projeto de inclusão pela arte — A Meu Ver — por uma estrutura artística profissional da área do teatro da cidade de Coimbra: O Teatrão. ...Trata-se de um projeto de formação e prática teatral de pessoas cegas ou com baixa visão, com uma duração de três anos, financiado pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian e pela Fundação La Caixa, no âmbito do programa Partis & Art for Change. Este projeto agrega uma vertente de formação a uma vertente de intervenção no espaço cultural da cidade de Coimbra. O objetivo foi analisar e reequacionar os possíveis papéis da educação artística na mediação cultural, entendida como modelo de intervenção, entre a entidade O Teatrão e um grupo de pessoas com deficiência, tradicionalmente mais afastadas dos circuitos artísticos. A presente investigação privilegiou uma abordagem qualitativa, realizando um estudo de caso, de carácter exploratório, que decorreu entre outubro de 2021 e agosto de 2022. Os dados aqui reportados foram coletados através de quatro técnicas de recolha de dados: observação participante, inquérito por questionário, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal. Ao visibilizar a importância da experiência de criação artística na recomposição identitária das pessoas com deficiência, o projeto estimula a desconstrução de conceções da deficiência alicerçadas no modelo individual e fomenta uma conceção social da deficiência. O A Meu Ver, ao juntar pessoas com deficiência visual e profissionais do Teatrão, demonstra que os problemas das pessoas com deficiência não derivam das suas incapacidades, mas sim das formas de organização social e da cultura dominantes. Esta desconstrução permitiu-nos analisar os impactos individuais do projeto para os seus participantes diretos e evidenciar formatos de mediação cultural possíveis para o desenvolvimento de projetos com esta abordagem no setor cultural.
Purpose
Culture is increasingly recognized as a key component of local development, but this attention is largely focused on large cities. This paper aims to focus on the ways in which the ...innovative, participatory action-research (PAR) methods of IdeaLabs and community intervention workshops are used by two projects with solidarity economy enterprise (SEE) participants to activate place-based cultural resources for local development in small communities.
Design/methodology/approach
An in-depth reflexive analysis undertaken by researchers involved in the two projects, taking a feminist ethics of care perspective, demonstrates the ways in which these two PAR methods promote local development with the goal of fighting against the economic, social and cultural degradation of small cities and rural areas.
Findings
The PAR methods used by the two projects examined stimulate place-based local development initiatives through collaboration and knowledge co-production among participants and researchers. The projects go beyond an instrumental view of the use of culture and the arts for local development to innovate and demonstrate new methodologies for more participatory approaches.
Originality/value
This paper addresses a gap in social economy literature, presenting methods that can be used in PAR projects to catalyse the use of culture as a local development tool by local SEEs.
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