El atleta y la salud: Una reflexión en torno a la corporeidad Castro Uribe, Nicolas; Rojas, Juan Felipe; Cárdenas, Juan Esteban ...
Jangwa pana : revista del Programa de Antropología de la Universidad del Magdalena,
08/2021, Volume:
20, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Dentro de la coyuntura actual, los arquetipos corporales referentes a la salud y la enfermedad se han construido con base en las disposiciones y los discursos resueltos desde la ciencia biomédica. A ...partir de esta premisa, el texto reflexiona en torno a la forma que se concibe el cuerpo en el deporte desde las distintas fuerzas sociales, políticas y económicas que lo atraviesan. Así mismo, describe la forma en que las instituciones biomédicas terminan por reproducir las disposiciones instrumentales y mecanicistas de los deportistas, a costa del influjo de intereses económicos que se concentran sobre estos cuerpos deshumanizados. Concluyendo que la deshumanización del deportista está motivada por intereses económicos y resulta en la instrumentalización del cuerpo del atleta por medio de las prácticas biomédicas y las medicinas alternativas.
Due to the growth of IoT (Internet of Things) devices in different industries and markets in recent years and considering the currently insufficient protection for these devices, a security solution ...safeguarding IoT architectures are highly desirable. An interesting perspective for the development of security solutions is the use of an event management approach, knowing that an event may become an incident when an information asset is affected under certain circumstances. The paper at hand proposes a security solution based on the management of security events within IoT scenarios in order to accurately identify suspicious activities. To this end, different vulnerabilities found in IoT devices are described, as well as unique features that make these devices an appealing target for attacks. Finally, three IoT attack scenarios are presented, describing exploited vulnerabilities, security events generated by the attack, and accurate responses that could be launched to help decreasing the impact of the attack on IoT devices. Our analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach is suitable for protecting the IoT ecosystem, giving an adequate protection level to the IoT devices.
Measurement of respiratory muscles strength such as maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) are used to detect, diagnose and treat respiratory weakness. However, ...devices used for these measurements are not widely available and are costly. Currently, the use of a digital manometer is recommended. In industry, several inexpensive devices are available, but these have not been validated for clinical use. Our objective was to determine the agreement between maximal respiratory pressures obtained with a clinical digital manometer and that with a non-clinical digital manometer in healthy volunteers. We assessed the height, weight, lung function, MIP, and MEP of healthy volunteers. To compare pressures obtained by each type of digital manometer, a parallel approach configuration was used. The agreement was measured with the Intraclass Coefficient Correlation (ICC) and the Bland-Altman plot. Twenty-seven participants (14 men) were recruited with a median age of 22 (range: 21-23) years. Each participant underwent three measurements to give a total of 81 measurements. The mean MIPs were 90.8 ± 26.4 (SEM 2.9) and 91.1 ± 26.4 (SEM 2.9) cmH2O for the clinical and non-clinical digital manometers, respectively. The mean MEPs were 113.8 ± 40.4 (SEM 4.5) and 114.5 ± 40.5 (SEM 4.5) cmH2O for the clinical and non-clinical digital manometers, respectively. We obtained an ICC of 0.998 (IC 0.997-0.999) for MIP and 0.999 (IC 0.998-0.999) for MEP. There is a high agreement in the values obtained for MIP and MEP between clinical and non-clinical digital manometers in healthy volunteers. Further validation at lower pressures and safety profiling among human subjects is needed.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The appearance of drug-resistant strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and the dramatic increase in infection rates worldwide evidences the urgency of developing new and effective compounds for ...treating tuberculosis. Benzimidazoles represent one possible source of new compounds given that antimycobacterial activity has already been documented for some derivatives, such as those bearing electron-withdrawing groups. The aim of this study was to synthesize two series of benzimidazoles, di- and trisubstituted derivatives, and evaluate their antimycobacterial activity. Accordingly,
5a
and
5b
were synthesized from hydroxymoyl halides
3a
and
3b
, and nitro-substituted o-phenylenediamine
4
. Compound
11
was synthesized from an aromatic nitro compound, 4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine
9
, mixed with 3-nitrobenzaldehyde
10
, and bentonite clay. Although the synthesis of
11
has already been reported, its antimycobacterial activity is herein examined for the first time. 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles
7a
,
7b
, and
12
were obtained from N-alkylation of
5a
,
5b
, and
11
. All benzimidazole derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and HR-MS, and then screened for their
in vitro
antimycobacterial effect against the
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv strain. The N-alkylated molecules (
7a
,
7b
, and
12
) generated very limited
in vitro
inhibition of mycobacterial growth. The benzimidazoles (
5a
,
5b
, and
11
) showed
in vitro
potency against mycobacteria, reflected in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 6.25–25 μg/mL. Consequently, only the 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazoles were assessed for biological activity on mouse macrophages infected with
M. tuberculosis
. A good effect was found for the three compounds. The cytotoxicity assay revealed very low toxicity for all the test compounds against the macrophage cell line. According to the docking study, 2,5-disubstituted benzimidazoles exhibit high affinity for an interdomain cleft that plays a key role in the GTP-dependent polymerization of the filamentous temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) protein. The ability of different benzimidazoles to impede FtsZ polymerization is reportedly related to their antimycobacterial activity. On the other hand, the 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles docked to the N-terminal of the protein, close to the GTP binding domain, and did not show strong binding energies. Overall,
5a
,
5b
, and
11
proved to be good candidates for
in vivo
testing to determine their potential for treating tuberculosis.
Background
Quadriceps muscle training is a key part in the rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, exercise intensity prescription and progression with the ...typically used elastic bands is challenging. We aimed to evaluate neuromuscular, acute symptoms and cardiorespiratory responses (heart rate and dyspnea) during progressive elastic resistance exercise in patients with COPD.
Methods
Fourteen patients diagnosed with moderate-very severe COPD performed knee extensions at different elastic resistance levels (i.e., colors). The neuromuscular activity was recorded using surface electromyography for the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, together with rate of perceived exertion, perceived quadriceps fatigue, dyspnea, oxygen saturation and heart rate.
Results
For the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, increase of muscle activity was evident from a two-level increment when using the red color. For the vastus medialis, there were no muscle activity progressions. Dyspnea, quadriceps fatigue and especially rate of perceived exertion increased in a dose-response fashion and were correlated with the resistance level and muscle activity at the three muscles.
Conclusion
Heavy elastic resistance exercise is feasible in COPD patients without excessive dyspnea and a stable cardiorespiratory response. In general, at least two elastic resistance increments are needed to enhance muscle activity for the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris, while there is no increase for the vastus medialis. These results may help to individualize exercise dosing during elastic resistance training in patients with COPD.
The literature is unclear as to whether children and adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) differ from their healthy peers in physical activity (PA).
To determine the PA levels ...measured through accelerometers in children and adolescents with CRDs.
The authors conducted a systematic review using five databases. The authors included studies that assessed the PA measured by accelerometers in children and adolescents with CRDs. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence.
From 11,497 reports returned by the initial search, 29 articles reporting on 4381 patients were included. In the sensitivity analysis, the authors found that children and adolescents with CRDs had a moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of -0.08 hours per day (95% confidence interval CI, -0.12 to -0.03 h/d; P = .001), which was lower than the healthy controls; the values for sedentary time (mean difference -0.47 h/d; 95% CI, -1.29 to 0.36 h/d; P = .27) and steps/d (mean difference 361 steps/d; 95% CI -385 to 1707 steps/d; P = .45) were similar for both.
Children and adolescents with CRDs have a slight reduction in MVPA in comparison with healthy controls, but sedentary time and steps/d were similar for both.
The use of non-invasive respiratory support in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial. The aim of this observational study was to show the experience of the first month since the ...creation of a Non-invasive Ventilatory Support Unit (NIVSU) at Hospital Fernández. We describe the creation of the NIVSU, the health professional-patient ratio, the type of room, the modified personal protection equipment; diagnostic, monitoring and ventilatory support equipment for treatment, as well as the inclusion criteria and the treatment algorithm. Twenty five (63%) of patients were referred from the Internal Medicine Ward, 10 (25%)) from Shock Room, and 5 (13%) from Emergency Ward. National Early Warning Score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Disease Classification System II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, were calculated on admission, with a median of 12, 8, and 2 points, respectively. The Lung Ultrasonography Score was taken to quantify lung ultrasound findings. All patients were admitted with a reservoir mask, 80% inspired O2 fraction was estimated for the calculation of arterial O2 pressure/ inspired O2 fraction ratio (Pa/FiO2) at admission. The median of time elapsed from the onset of symptoms referred by the patient to UNIT admission was 13 days. The development of NIVSU prevented a large proportion of patients from being transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and it could be beneficial in preserving ICUs capacity. These early results suggest that non-invasive treatment may be beneficial for the treatment of severe acute respiratory failure by COVID-19.
Educational remote laboratories are a software and hardware tool that allows students to remotely access real equipment located in universities as if they were in a hands-on-lab session. Their ...integration in Content and Learning Management Systems (CMSs or LMSs) has been an active research topic for years, supporting mainly ad hoc solutions. A notable exception has been the use of federation protocols -commonly used for sharing laboratories from one university to other-, for actually sharing laboratories from a remote laboratory system to a C/LMS. This approach opened new doors in the simplification of the process, since it did not require the remote laboratories to make any type of change. The focus of this contribution is to provide a solution to decrease the number of functionalities required for creating an integration by providing a software component that reuses them. As shown in the contribution, this component has been implemented and two remote laboratory management systems (which provide access to multiple remote laboratories) are already supported, and a third one is under development. In the C/LMS side, all the LMSs supporting IMS LTI are supported, and HTTP APIs are provided for being supported by other systems. Indeed, the contribution describes its support in the Joomla CMS and in the Moodle 1.9 and dotLRN LMSs which do not support IMS LTI. The solution, called gateway4labs, is an open source initiative which targets to be used in production.
Las enfermedades broncopulmonares se asocian a diversos mecanismos inflamatorios de las vías aéreas. Evaluar y comprender el perfil inflamatorio de estos pacientes podría contribuir a conocer la ...etiología y así optimizar el tratamiento. El esputo inducido es una técnica mínimamente invasiva, por lo que su implementación resulta de interés en la práctica habitual. Aunque el estudio del esputo inducido ha demostrado utilidad y seguridad, los centros que desarrollan esta técnica en la Argentina son escasos. Con el objetivo de estandarizar el procedimiento de recolección y análisis de muestras de esputo inducido en pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias broncopulmonares, se desarrolló esta guía consensuada por los centros con experiencia en esta técnica en nuestro país. Es nuestra intención difundir esta técnica, mínimamente invasiva, para su aplicación en servicios especializados. Esta guía de procedimientos detalla los materiales que son requeridos, los métodos y los estándares de calidad y seguridad tanto para los pacientes como para los operadores.
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