To evaluate Ochrobactrum anthropi TRS-2 isolated from tea rhizosphere and its talc based formulation for growth promotion and management of brown root rot disease of tea. Ochrobactrum anthropi TRS-2, ...isolated from tea rhizosphere could solubilize phosphate, produce siderophore and IAA in vitro and also exhibited antifungal activity against six test pathogens. Application of an aqueous suspension of O. anthropi to the rhizosphere of nursery grown tea seedlings of five varieties of tea (TV-18, T-17, HV-39, S-449, UP-3 and) led to enhanced growth of the treated plants, as evidenced by increase in height, in the number of shoots and number of leaves per shoot. Treatment with O. anthropi also decreased brown root rot of tea, caused by Phellinus noxius. Multifold increase in activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in tea plants was observed on application of O. anthropi to soil followed by inoculation with P. noxius. A concomitant increase in accumulation of phenolics was also obtained. Further, talc based formulation of O. anthropi was prepared and its survival determined every month up to a period of 12 months. Ochrobactrum anthropi could survive in the formulation up to a period of 9 months with a concentration of 7·0 log₁₀ CFU g⁻¹, after which there was a decline. Talc formulation was as effective as aqueous suspensions in both plant growth promotion and disease suppression. Ochrobactrum anthropi, either in aqueous suspension or as talc formulation induced growth of tea plants and suppressed brown root rot disease. It induced defense responses in tea plants. Ochrobactrum anthropi and its talc based formulation can be considered as an addition to available plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) currently being used for field application. The present study offers a scope of utilizing this bacterium for growth promotion and disease management which would help in reduction of the use of chemicals in tea plantations.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Two dual channels have considered: one is forward and other is reverse.•Demand is linearly dependent on retail and e-tail channel prices.•Five different policies have been derived and compared ...numerically.•Results indicate the retailer-led policy is better for more players.
This paper deals a closed-loop supply chain with two dual channels – forward dual-channel where a manufacturer sells a product to customers through traditional retail channel and e-tail (internet) channel, and reverse dual-channel where the used items are collected for remanufacturing through the traditional third party logistics and e-tail channel. We derive analytically the pricing and return product collection decisions for the supply chain under five different scenarios viz. centralized, decentralized (Nash game), and manufacturer-led, retailer-led and third party-led decentralized scenarios. We also demonstrate the proposed model through a series of data sets. It is observed from the numerical study that the retailer-led decentralized scenario provides more profit than other decentralized scenarios.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Soil microorganisms with potential for alleviation of abiotic stresses in combination with plant growth promotion would be extremely useful tools in sustainable agriculture. To this end, the present ...study was initiated where forty-five salt tolerant bacterial isolates with ability to grow in high salt medium were obtained from the rhizosphere of
Triticum aestivum
and
Imperata cylindrica
. These bacteria were tested for plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria traits in vitro such as phosphate solubilization, siderophore, ACC deaminase and IAA production. Of the forty-five isolates, W10 from wheat rhizosphere and IP8 from blady grass rhizosphere, which tested positive in all the tests were identified by morpholological, biochemical and 16SrDNA sequencing as
Bacillus safensis
and
Ochrobactrum pseudogregnonense
respectively and selected for in vivo studies. Both the bacteria could promote growth in six varieties of wheat tested in terms of increase in root and shoot biomass, height of plants, yield, as well as increase in chlorophyll content. Besides, the wheat plants could withstand water stress more efficiently in presence of the bacteria as indicated by delay in appearance of wilting symptoms increases in relative water content of treated water stressed plants in comparison to untreated stressed ones, and elevated antioxidant responses. Enhanced antioxidant responses were evident as elevated activities of enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase as well as increased accumulation of antioxidants such as carotenoids and ascorbate. Results clearly indicate that the ability of wheat plants to withstand water stress is enhanced by application of these bacteria which also function as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Oxygen sensing is central to metazoan biology and has implications for human disease. Mammalian cells express multiple oxygen-dependent enzymes called 2-oxoglutarate (OG)-dependent dioxygenases ...(2-OGDDs), but they vary in their oxygen affinities and hence their ability to sense oxygen. The 2-OGDD histone demethylases control histone methylation. Hypoxia increases histone methylation, but whether this reflects direct effects on histone demethylases or indirect effects caused by the hypoxic induction of the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factor or the 2-OG antagonist 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is unclear. Here, we report that hypoxia promotes histone methylation in a HIF- and 2-HG-independent manner. We found that the H3K27 histone demethylase KDM6A/UTX, but not its paralog KDM6B, is oxygen sensitive. KDM6A loss, like hypoxia, prevented H3K27 demethylation and blocked cellular differentiation. Restoring H3K27 methylation homeostasis in hypoxic cells reversed these effects. Thus, oxygen directly affects chromatin regulators to control cell fate.
This Letter presents the development of a dual linearly polarised microstrip antenna for S- and C-band with improved isolation and bandwidth. The antenna is dual linearly polarised at each of the ...bands. The S-band patch is proximity coupled to two orthogonal feed lines, whereas the C-band patches are aperture coupled to other two mutually orthogonal feed lines. The antenna results in an impedance bandwidth ≥ 3.65% with an isolation ≥ 26 dB at the S-band ports. At the C-band ports, it also displays an isolation ≥ 45 dB over the entire operating bandwidth of ≥ 21%. All these results are improved compared to the earlier reported investigations.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In an effort to understand and quantify the effect of non-local elasticity on the wave propagation response of laminated composite layered media, a frequency-wavenumber domain based finite element ...method is employed. The developed elements are based on the exact solution in the transformed domain and thus exactly represent the dynamics of a layer. This feature enables to model a layer of any thickness by a single element and drastically reduces the cost of computation. The effect of non-locality on the dispersion relation and in turn on the wave response is compared with local (classical) elasticity solutions. A procedure and sample example is outlined to estimate the magnitude of the non-locality parameter by comparing the dispersion relation with lattice dynamics. The effect of non-locality, in terms of the mode-shift and appearance of dispersion on the modes of Lamb waves is further demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this research article, an improved Multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) strategy has been developed in pentagonal neutrosophic environment incorporating grey relational analysis and method ...on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) techniques to address the relative advantages and disadvantages of these aspects in MCGDM. The aim of the study is to improve MCGDM technique which can capture the underlying uncertainties in robust way and can produce consistent results in a more rigorous way. Here, the conception of Hamming distance between two pentagonal neutrosophic number (PNN)s is introduced and the weighted arithmetic and geometric averaging operators in PNN arena are deployed to craft our computational technique more progressive and robust. An agriculture-based numerical problem is illustrated to demonstrate the ranking results of the alternatives by both of the techniques. After evaluating the problem by two aggregation operators, it is found that “plantation crop” is the best alternative under certain circumstances. Lastly, the sensitivity investigation is performed which reveals that with the appliance of arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators the best ranked alternative preserves its position by both of the ranking methods, which definitely exhibit the consistency and robustness of our executed methodology.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The development of a dual polarised microstrip antenna for S- and C-band with improved characteristics is presented. It is dual linearly polarised at S-band and dual circularly polarised at C-band. ...Two orthogonal feeds have been conceived for proximity coupling at S-band. The other two composite feeds are aperture coupled at C-band. These generate left-hand and right-hand circular polarisations exclusively. The antenna reveals 3.5% or more impedance bandwidth at the S-band ports with an isolation better than 22 dB (the best isolation is ≈31.5 dB at the band-centre). It yields >21.2% impedance bandwidth and about 10.2% axial-ratio bandwidth at each of the C-band ports, both being improved compared to the earlier reports. Achieved isolation between the C-band ports is better than 18.5 dB (≈23.5 dB at the centre of the working band).
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Vertically integrated eastward moisture flux at 70° E over the Arabian Sea (Q) is the dominant factor that drives seasonal Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). Yet, the nature of this relationship ...depends on the phase of El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The conversion efficiency of Q to rainfall is twice as high during the El-Nino years than La-Nina years. This increased sensitivity of ISMR to Q during the El-Nino years causes positive feedback to reduce Q further. As a result, droughts are more frequent and more vigorous than floods, manifesting as a negatively skewed non-Gaussian probability distribution function of ISMR. A non-linear multi regression model using Q and ENSO explained the observed skewness of ISMR with the severity of droughts. Besides, droughts have frequent long break-spells of rainfall, characterized by zonal circulation with an ascending branch over the western North Pacific Ocean and descending branch over the Indian region, which may cause moisture divergence and hence the moist stability over India. The increased stability in droughts might determine the conversion efficiency of Q to rainfall. This zonal dipole pattern of circulation anomaly over India and the western North Pacific Ocean in long break spells is manifest about 10-days before the advent of break conditions.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper presents a fuzzy relational approach to human emotion recognition from facial expressions and its control. The proposed scheme uses external stimulus to excite specific emotions in human ...subjects whose facial expressions are analyzed by segmenting and localizing the individual frames into regions of interest. Selected facial features such as eye opening, mouth opening, and the length of eyebrow constriction are extracted from the localized regions, fuzzified, and mapped onto an emotion space by employing Mamdani-type relational models. A scheme for the validation of the system parameters is also presented. This paper also provides a fuzzy scheme for controlling the transition of emotion dynamics toward a desired state. Experimental results and computer simulations indicate that the proposed scheme for emotion recognition and control is simple and robust, with good accuracy.
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