Given the recent number of hate-related incidents that have come to public attention, there is a significant need to collect and track these incidents in order to capture and share trends with the ...wider public. Outside of official hate crime data (such as annual government reports), incidents fueled by hate (but that are not crimes) often go undocumented. To address this gap, the Alberta Hate Crimes Committee – a Canadian coalition of law enforcement, government, and non-governmental organizations – developed the StopHateAB.ca website. The purpose of the StopHateAb.ca website is to fill this gap by creating a space to capture hate incidents to document and make accessible information related to hate incidents. This article will describe the development of the online hate incident reporting tool StopHateAB.ca. Through a discussion of the strengths and challenges of creating an online hate incident reporting platform, this paper will highlight the importance of innovative responses to counter hate and bias by making hate visible. As this article highlights, making hate visible forces communities to engage in joint conversations about hate and bias to support strategies that foster a public social environment of justice, equity, and human rights.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic, with increasing deaths worldwide. To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal ...cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. We aimed to provide a clinicopathological report of severe COVID-19 cases by documenting histopathological changes and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 tissue tropism.
In this case series, patients with a positive antemortem or post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 result were considered eligible for enrolment. Post-mortem examinations were done on 14 people who died with COVID-19 at the King County Medical Examiner's Office (Seattle, WA, USA) and Snohomish County Medical Examiner's Office (Everett, WA, USA) in negative-pressure isolation suites during February and March, 2020. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. Tissue examination was done by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and quantitative RT-PCR.
The median age of our cohort was 73·5 years (range 42–84; IQR 67·5–77·25). All patients had clinically significant comorbidities, the most common being hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, and metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity. The major pulmonary finding was diffuse alveolar damage in the acute or organising phases, with five patients showing focal pulmonary microthrombi. Coronavirus-like particles were detected in the respiratory system, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Lymphocytic myocarditis was observed in one patient with viral RNA detected in the tissue.
The primary pathology observed in our cohort was diffuse alveolar damage, with virus located in the pneumocytes and tracheal epithelium. Microthrombi, where observed, were scarce and endotheliitis was not identified. Although other non-pulmonary organs showed susceptibility to infection, their contribution to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection requires further examination.
None.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This article examines the discursive practices of Facebook users who use the platform to express racist views. We analyzed 51,991 public comments posted to 119 news stories about race, racism, or ...ethnicity on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News Facebook page. We examined whether users who hold racist viewpoints (the vocal minority) are less likely to express views that go against the majority view for fear of social isolation. According to the “spiral of silence” theory, the vocal minority would presumably fear this isolation effect. However, our analysis shows that on Facebook, a predominantly nonanonymous and moderated platform, the vocal minority are comfortable expressing unpopular views, questioning the explanatory power of this popular theory in the online context. Based on automated analysis of 8,636 comments, we found 64 percent mentioned race or ethnicity, and 18 percent exhibited some form of othering. A manual coding of 1,161 comments showed that 18 percent exhibited some form of othering, and 25 percent countered the racist discourse. In sum, while Facebook provides space to express racist discourse, users also turn to this platform to counter the hateful narratives.
摘要
本文探讨了脸书用户使用该平台表达种族主义观点的话语实践。笔者分析了CBC新闻 (加拿大广播公司)脸书官网上119个关于种族、种族主义或族裔新闻报道的51, 991条公开评论。笔者就持有种族主义观点的用户(少数发声者)是否因为害怕社会孤立不太可能表达与多数人观点相反的看法而进行研究。“沉默的螺旋”理论认为少数发声者会害怕这种孤立效应。然而, 笔者分析表明, 在脸书这个彼此熟悉意见温和的社交平台上, 少数观点持有者乐于表达不受欢迎的观点, 质疑这一流行理论在网络环境下的解释力。根据对8636条评论的自动分析, 笔者发现64%的评论提到了种族或族裔, 18%的评论表现出某种形式的他者化。对1161条评论的人工编码显示, 18%的评论表现出某种形式的他者化, 25%的评论提出反对种族主义言论。总之, 虽然脸书提供了表达种族主义言论的空间, 但用户也会借助该平台来反驳可憎言论。
Resumen
Este artículo examina las prácticas discursivas de usuarios de Facebook que utilizan la plataforma para expresar opiniones racistas. Analizamos 51.991 comentarios públicos en 119 historias acerca de raza, racismo o etnia en la página de Facebook de CBC News (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). Examinamos si los usuarios que tienen puntos de vista racistas (la minoría vocal) son menos propensos a expresar opiniones que vayan en contra de la mayoría por miedo del aislamiento social. De acuerdo con la teoría de la “espiral del silencio“, la minoría vocal probablemente temería este efecto de aislamiento. Sin embargo, nuestro análisis muestra que en Facebook, una plataforma predominantemente no anónima y moderada, la minoría vocal se siente cómoda expresando opiniones impopulares, lo que cuestiona el poder explicativo de esta teoría popular en el contexto de Internet. Sobre la base de un análisis automatizado de 8636 comentarios, encontramos que el 64 por ciento mencionó raza o etnia, y el 18 por ciento mostró alguna forma de creación de otredad. Una codificación manual de 1161 comentarios mostró que el 18 por ciento mostraba alguna forma de creación de otredad y el 25 por ciento contradecía el discurso racista. En resumen, mientras que Facebook proporciona un espacio para expresar discurso racista, los usuarios también acuden a esta plataforma para contrarrestar las narrativas de odio.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper considers three different projects that have used Twitter to track racist language: 1) Racist Tweets in Canada (the author’s original work); 2) Anti-social media (a 2014 study by U.K. ...think tank DEMOS); and, 3) The Geography of Hate Map (created by researchers at Humboldt University) in order to showcase the ability to track racism online using Twitter. As each of these projects collected racist language on Twitter using very different methods, a discussion of each data collection method used as well as the strengths and challenges of each method is provided. More importantly, however, this paper highlights why Twitter is an important data collection tool for researchers interested in studying race and racism.
"Not So Black and White" Chaudhry, Irfan
Cultural studies, critical methodologies,
06/2016, Volume:
16, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Although Twitter may not be representative of the overall population, information gathered from Twitter can assist our understanding of what people think about certain social issues, particularly ...race. With this in mind, using Twitter as the main source for data collection, this study tracks the #Ferguson hashtag in the 4 days following the killing of Mike Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, to examine how race was discussed in the aftermath of the event. A key question guiding this article is how do the tweets captured resonate with broader understandings about race in America?
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACTVape juice is a diluent for e-cigarette active ingredients, nicotine or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Lack of strict regulation in vape juice production is a concern as ingredients and their ...concentrations may vary widely from the labeling.A 43-year-old woman was transported via ambulance to the hospital after ingesting homemade vape juice, presenting unresponsive with decerebrate posturing. She reportedly made a tincture combining a vape juice purchased online (containing "ethylene glycol") and THC for "endometriosis-related pain relief." Laboratory evaluation revealed anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum lactate, and high serum osmolality. Urine fluoresced under Wood's lamp, and fomepizole was administered as an ethylene glycol antidote, but she expired the following afternoon. Clinical serum toxicology results returned after death revealed 235 mg/dL of methanol, and no ethylene glycol.Autopsy findings included ischemic changes of the gastrointestinal tract and cerebral edema with herniation. Postmortem toxicology performed on hospital admission blood revealed methanol (220 mg/dL), propylene glycol (59 mg/dL), Δ-9 THC and metabolites, and medications administered during hospitalization. The medical examiner determined the cause of death to be methanol and propylene glycol toxicity.To our knowledge, this is the first report of accidental death from ingestion of vape juice contaminated with toxic alcohol.
Not So Black and White Chaudhry, Irfan
Cultural studies, critical methodologies,
06/2016, Volume:
16, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Although Twitter may not be representative of the overall population, information gathered from Twitter can assist our understanding of what people think about certain social issues, particularly ...race. With this in mind, using Twitter as the main source for data collection, this study tracks the #Ferguson hashtag in the 4 days following the killing of Mike Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, to examine how race was discussed in the aftermath of the event. A key question guiding this article is how do the tweets captured resonate with broader understandings about race in America?
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Serverless computing is becoming increasingly popular due to its ease of programming, fast elasticity, and fine-grained billing. However, the serverless provider still needs to provision, manage, and ...pay the IaaS provider for the virtual machines (VMs) hosting its platform. This ties the cost of the serverless platform to the cost of the underlying VMs. One way to significantly reduce cost is to use spare resources, which cloud providers rent at a massive discount. Harvest VMs offer such cheap resources: they grow and shrink to harvest all the unallocated CPU cores in their host servers, but may be evicted to make room for more expensive VMs. Thus, using Harvest VMs to run the serverless platform comes with two main challenges that must be carefully managed: VM evictions and dynamically varying resources in each VM.
In this work, we explore the challenges and benefits of hosting serverless (Function as a Service or simply FaaS) platforms on Harvest VMs. We characterize the serverless workloads and Harvest VMs of Microsoft Azure, and design a serverless load balancer that is aware of evictions and resource variations in Harvest VMs. We modify OpenWhisk, a widely-used open-source serverless platform, to monitor harvested resources and balance the load accordingly, and evaluate it experimentally. Our results show that adopting harvested resources improves efficiency and reduces cost. Under the same cost budget, running serverless platforms on harvested resources achieves 2.2x to 9.0x higher throughput compared to using dedicated resources. When using the same amount of resources, running serverless platforms on harvested resources achieves 48% to 89% cost savings with lower latency due to better load balancing.
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