Distributed energy resources (“DERs”) are being adopted throughout the world. Aggregators are lauded by some as critical in enabling DERs to provide these valuable electricity services at scale; in ...this light, regulatory and policy bodies are discussing the role of aggregators and even the need to support their market entry. In order to shed light on the economically efficient regulation of aggregators in electricity systems, this paper systematically assesses the economic fundamentals of aggregators. We perform a critical review of the value of aggregators, defining the factors that determine their role in power systems under different technological and regulatory scenarios. We identify three categories of value that aggregators may create: fundamental, transitory, and opportunistic. Fundamental value is intrinsic to aggregation and is independent of the market or regulatory context. Transitory value can be significant in the near term, but may be diminished by technological or regulatory advances. Finally, opportunistic value emerges as a result of regulatory or market design flaws and may endanger the economic efficiency of the power system. This paper provides a template for regulators to encourage the efficient development of aggregators while eliminating the potential for economic inefficiencies through opportunistic aggregation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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Quinoa: Nutritional, functional, and antinutritional aspects Filho, Antonio Manoel Maradini; Pirozi, Mônica Ribeiro; Borges, João Tomaz Da Silva ...
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,
05/2017, Volume:
57, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We have prepared a review of the physical-chemical composition and the functional and anti-nutritional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). It is a plant of the Chenopodiaceae family, ...originally from the Andean regions, adaptable to different types of soils and climatic conditions. Its composition has attracted the attention of scientific community for its high nutritional value, being rich in proteins, lipids, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, with an extraordinary balance of essential amino acids. It is also gluten-free, a characteristic that enables its use by celiac patients. In spite of all these attributes, quinoa is not widely used by consumers due to the high cost of imported grain and little knowledge of its benefits. More studies are required to increase knowledge about this "pseudo-cereal" to demonstrate its functional and nutritional benefits and to study its anti-nutritional effects, since it presents high commercial value and excellent nutritional quality.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents a real-word implementation of a TSO-DSO-customer coordination framework for the use of flexibility to support system operation. First, we describe the general requirements for ...TSO-DSO-customer coordination, including potential coordination schemes, actors and roles and the required architecture. Then, we particularise those general requirements for a real-world demonstration in Sweden, aiming to avoid congestions in the grid during the high-demand winter season. In the light of current congestion management rules and existing markets in Sweden, we describe an integration path to newly defined flexibility markets in support of new tools that we developed for this application. The results show that the use of flexibility can reduce the congestion costs while enhancing the secure operation of the system. Additionally, we discuss challenges and lessons learned from the demonstration, including the importance of the engagement between stakeholders, the role of availability remuneration, and the paramount importance of defining appropriate technical requirements and market timings.
Abstract
Introduction
Data from clinical trials indicate that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are noninferior and safer than conventional therapy (low-molecular-weight heparin followed by a ...vitamin K antagonist VKA) for treating venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE). This study compared the effectiveness and safety of DOACs and conventional therapy in a real-world setting.
Methods
This observational study used French national claims data of adult, treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with VTE (majority PE) who were hospitalized and treated for VTE with a DOAC (apixaban or rivaroxaban) or VKAs during 2013 to 2018. Patients with active cancer were excluded. After propensity score matching for each DOAC-VKA comparison, risks of bleeding, recurrent VTE, and all-cause mortality were compared at 6 months. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios of the endpoints.
Results
A total of 58,137 patients were included (10,775 VKAs, 10,440 apixaban, 36,922 rivaroxaban). Propensity score-matched cohort sizes were 7,503 for apixaban and 9,179 for rivaroxaban. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was significantly lower for apixaban than VKAs for bleeding requiring hospitalization (0.43 0.32–0.59), all-cause death (0.61 0.51–0.74), and first recurrent VTE (0.67 0.52–0.85). The hazard ratio was also significantly lower for rivaroxaban than VKAs for all-cause death (0.63 0.53–0.74) but not for bleeding requiring hospitalization (0.86 0.69–1.07) or first recurrent VTE (0.91 0.74–1.13).
Conclusion
Apixaban was associated with superior safety and effectiveness than VKAs. All-cause mortality was lower in both DOACs than VKAs. Our results support recommendations to use DOACs over VKAs for the treatment of VTE.
To identify the trends in new flexibility markets, a set of market and aggregator platforms were selected and compared. The analyzed initiatives are relevant to consider alternative designs for ...European electricity markets. This review proposes a common methodology for analyzing these market models by comparing their description, market structure, market timing, and implementation. Furthermore, a range of policy implications and future research directions towards implementing these markets are presented. The results provide compelling evidence that the new market models represent a promising business with technical and economic justification, as they incentivize the uptake of flexibility from distributed resources by providing services to Distribution System Operators (DSOs) in coordination with Transmission System Operators (TSOs). Moreover, the interactions between these new market platforms and existing markets are of particular interest, and the contributions from aggregator platforms are also relevant to enhance the political vision of empowering the customers through their active participation in markets.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The coordination between system operators is a key element for the decarbonization of the power system. Over the past few years, many EU-funded research projects have addressed the challenges of ...Transmission System Operators (TSO) and Distribution System Operators (DSO) coordination by implementing different data exchange architectures. This paper presents a review of the ICT architectures implemented for the main coordination schemes demonstrated in such projects. The main used technologies are analyzed, considering the type of data exchanged and the communication link. Finally, the paper presents the different gaps and challenges on TSO-DSO coordination related to ICT architectures that must still be faced, paying especial attention to the expected contribution of the EU-funded OneNet project on this topic.
This paper reviews the existing approaches to allocate natural gas network costs at an international level, comparing them to the conceptual framework based on the regulatory principles to be ...followed according to Economic theory.
Even though some good practices in establishing network charges have been detected in some regions, such as Portugal and the United Kingdom, where long-term incremental cost approaches apply, traditional gas charging methods are mainly focused on cost recovery, disregarding economic efficiency as the fundamental criterion to ensure efficient network use and a reduction in long-term network costs. In general, a lack of economic efficiency, among others flaws in natural gas network cost allocation, has been identified.
Moreover, due to the new challenges detected stemming from the interrelation among gas and substitute energy carriers such as electricity, it is decisive to recognise that price signals established in one sector strongly affect other sectors.
These concerns make it imperative to allocate natural gas network costs to infrastructure users by following economically efficient charges and trying to maximise social welfare.
•This paper analyses the main flaws of existing gas network charges design.•Current charges pursue cost recovery disregarding economic efficiency as principle.•Users’ efficient response to charges should be encouraged to improve social welfare.•Challenges and main guidelines when setting gas network charges are highlighted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal inheritance disease characterized by 100 or more adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum with a high risk of developing colorectal carcinoma ...(CRC). The management of this disease is based on early screening and timely follow up, with subsequent planning of risk-reducing or therapeutic surgeries. We present a case of a patient with a strong family history of FAP with a "de novo" diagnosis of CRC. Furthermore, a literature discussion of current and future perspectives of treatment is performed.
This paper proposes a set of digitalisation indicators focused on measuring the different digital capabilities and infrastructure of electricity distribution systems, as opposed to previous ...indicators which have mainly focused on performance and quality of service aspects.
The indicators are classified according to the pillars of digitalisation: sensor and actuator, connectivity, data processing, and digital culture. They are use-case-agnostic and do not require a huge amount of information. In addition to this, three possible new applications of these indicators for distribution system operators and regulatory authorities are identified and discussed.
The extensive use of these indicators in Europe could allow the development of fruitful collaborations between distribution system operators, allow the identification of cause–effect relations between grid performance and digital infrastructure, and improve the replicability of innovative smart grid solutions. However, this will only be possible if regulators promote the adoption of the proposed indicators and the dissemination of their results.
•Smart grid indicators are required by European Directive 2019/944.•Indicators on sensors/actuators, connectivity, data processing, and digital culture.•Indicators to provide an overview of the distribution grid.•Indicators to study relation between performance and digital infrastructure.•Indicators to generate information for the replicability of solutions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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