Patients who increase stoke volume or cardiac index more than 10 or 15% after a fluid challenge are usually considered fluid responders. Assessment of fluid responsiveness prior to volume expansion ...is critical to avoid fluid overload, which has been associated with poor outcomes. Maneuvers to assess fluid responsiveness are well established in mechanically ventilated patients; however, few studies evaluated maneuvers to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients. Our objective was to perform a systematic review of literature addressing the available methods to assess fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients. Studies were identified through electronic literature search of PubMed from 01/08/2009 to 01/08/2016 by two independent authors. No restrictions on language were adopted. Quality of included studies was evaluated with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Our search strategy identified 537 studies, and 9 studies were added through manual search. Of those, 15 studies (12 intensive care unit patients; 1 emergency department patients; 1 intensive care unit and emergency department patients; 1 operating room) were included in this analysis. In total, 649 spontaneously breathing patients were assessed for fluid responsiveness. Of those, 340 (52%) were deemed fluid responsive. Pulse pressure variation during the Valsalva maneuver (∆PPV) of 52% (AUC ± SD: 0.98 ± 0.03) and passive leg raising-induced change in stroke volume (∆SV-PLR) > 13% (AUC ± SD: 0.96 ± 0.03) showed the highest accuracy to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients. Our systematic review indicates that regardless of the limitations of each maneuver, fluid responsiveness can be assessed in spontaneously breathing patients. Further well-designed studies, with adequate simple size and power, are necessary to confirm the real accuracy of the different methods used to assess fluid responsiveness in this population of patients.
Acute Gastrointestinal Injury (AGI) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including increased mortality. We aimed to investigate the potential of citrulline and intestinal fatty acid binding ...protein (I-FABP) as biomarkers for early AGI diagnosis and predicting outcomes in surgical patients.
Prospective cohort study involving patients who underwent non-cardiac surgeries and were admitted to Intensive Care Units. AGI diagnosis was based on specific criteria, and severity was categorised following established guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers and their association with outcomes, P significant when <0.05.
AGI was identified in 40.3% of patients with varying severity. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the AGI group in the ICU (19.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.001) and hospital (22.6% vs. 2.17%, p = 0.003). Urinary I-FABP levels on days 3 and 7 showed reasonable and good accuracy for AGI diagnosis (AUC 0.732 and 0.813, respectively). Urinary I-FABP levels on days 2 and 3 accurately predict sepsis. Urinary citrulline levels on day one predicted mortality (AUC 0.87) furthermore urinary I-FABP levels on day 2 showed reasonable accuracy (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 92.4%).
Urinary I-FABP and citrulline levels are promising diagnostic and prognostic markers in ICU patients following non-cardiac surgeries.
•Acute gastrointestinal injury was very frequent after non-cardiac surgeries.•Accuracy of biomarkers citrulline and IFAP were tested for AGI, sepsis and death.•Urinary I-FABP exhibits a high diagnostic accuracy for detecting AGI and sepsis.•Urinary citrulline and I-FABP levels were reliable predictors of mortality.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Transfusion of blood components prior to invasive procedures in cirrhosis patients is high and associated with adverse events.
Objectives
We compared three transfusion strategies prior to ...central venous catheterization in cirrhosis patients.
Patients/Methods
Single center randomized trial that included critically ill cirrhosis patients with indication for central venous line in a tertiary private hospital in Brazil. Interventions: Restrictive protocol, thromboelastometry‐guided protocol, or usual care (based on coagulogram). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients transfused with any blood component (ie, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, or cryoprecipitate). The secondary endpoints included incidence of bleeding and transfusion‐related adverse events.
Results
A total of 57 patients (19 per group; 64.9% male; mean age, 53.4 ± 11.3 years) were enrolled. Prior to catheterization, 3/19 (15.8%) in the restrictive arm, 13/19 (68.4%) in the thromboelastometry‐guided arm, and 14/19 (73.7%) in the coagulogram‐guided arm received blood transfusion (odds ratio OR, 0.07; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.01‐0.45; P = .002 for restrictive versus coagulogram‐guided arm; OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.56; P = .006 for restrictive versus thromboelastometry‐guided arm; and OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.14‐4.15; P = .931 for thromboelastometry‐guided versus coagulogram‐guided arm). The restrictive protocol was cost saving. No difference in bleeding, length of stay, mortality, and transfusion‐related adverse events was found.
Conclusions
The use of a restrictive strategy is associated with a reduction in transfusion prior to central venous catheterization and costs in critically ill cirrhosis patients. No effect on bleeding was found among the groups.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective
The main objective was to assess the clinical characteristics, associated factors, and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU for candidemia. The secondary objective was to examine the ...relationship of candidemia with the length of stay and mortality.
Methods
The analysis was a retrospective single-center cohort study addressing the effect of invasive candidemia on outcomes. This study was performed in a medical-surgical ICU located in a tertiary private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Data was collected through the review of the hospital database.
Results
In total, 18,442 patients were included in our study, including 22 patients with candidemia. The median age was similar in patients with and without candidemia 67 (56–84) vs. 67 (51–80). Most patients were male, and the proportion of men was higher among patients with candidemia (77% vs. 55.3%). The rates of renal replacement therapy (40.9% vs. 3.3%), mechanical ventilation (63.6% vs. 29.6%), and parenteral nutrition (40.9% vs. 4.8%) were higher in patients with candidemia than in those without candidemia. The mortality rate (77.3% vs. 11.9%) and length of hospital stay 42 days (23.0–78.8) vs. 8 days (5.0–17.0) were significantly higher in patients with candidemia.
Conclusions
Patients with candidemia are prone to longer hospital stay and mortality. In addition, we found associations of candidemia with the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and parenteral nutrition.
In most emergency situations or severe illness, patients are unable to consent for clinical trial enrollment. In such circumstances, the decision about whether to participate in a scientific study or ...not is made by a legally designated representative. To address the willingness of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to be enrolled in a scientific study as volunteers, and to assess the agreement between patients' and their legal representatives' opinion concerning enrollment in a scientific study. This survey was conducted in two hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients (greater than or equal to18 years) with preserved cognitive functions accompanied by a surrogate admitted to the ICU were eligible for this study. A survey containing 28 questions for patients and 8 questions for surrogates was applied within the first 48h from ICU admission. The survey for patients comprised three sections: demographic characteristics, opinion about participation in clinical research and knowledge about the importance of research. The survey for legal representatives contained two sections: demographic characteristics and assessment of legal representatives' opinion in authorizing patients to be enrolled in research. Between January 2017 and May 2018, 208 pairs of ICU patients and their respective legal representatives answered the survey. Out of 208 ICU patients answering the survey, 73.6% (153/208) were willing to be enrolled in the study as volunteers. Of those patients, 65.1% (97/149) would continue participating in a research even if their legal representative did not support their enrollment. Agreement between patients' and surrogates' opinion concerning participation was poor Kappa = 0.11 (IC95% -0.02 to 0.25). If a consent for study participation had been obtained, 69.1% (103/149) of patients would continue participating in the study until its conclusion, and 23.5% (35/149) would allow researchers to use data collected to date, but would withdraw from the study on that occasion. The majority of patients admitted to the ICU were willing to be enrolled in a scientific study as volunteers, also after a deferred informed consent procedure has been used. Nevertheless, contradictory opinions between patients and their and their legal representatives' concerning enrollment in a scientific study were often observed.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nighttime ICU discharge, i.e., discharge from the ICU during the night hours, has been associated with increased readmission rates, hospital length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. We sought ...to determine the frequency of nighttime ICU discharge and identify whether nighttime ICU discharge is associated with worse outcomes in a private adult ICU located in Brazil.
Post hoc analysis of a cohort study addressing the effect of ICU readmissions on outcomes. This retrospective, single center, propensity matched cohort study was conducted in a medical-surgical ICU located in a private tertiary care hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Based on time of transfer, patients were categorized into nighttime (7:00 pm to 6:59 am) and daytime (7:00 am to 6:59 pm) ICU discharge and were propensity-score matched at a 1:2 ratio. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality.
Among 4,313 eligible patients admitted to the ICU between June 2013 and May 2015, 1,934 patients were matched at 1:2 ratio 649 (33.6%) nighttime and 1,285 (66.4%) daytime discharged patients. The median (IQR) cohort age was 66 (51-79) years and SAPS III score was 43 (33-55). In-hospital mortality was 6.5% (42/649) in nighttime compared to 5.6% (72/1,285) in daytime discharged patients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.73; p = 0.444). While frequency of ICU readmission (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.29; p = 0.741) and length of hospital stay did not differ between the groups, length of ICU stay was lower in nighttime compared to daytime ICU discharged patients 1 (1-3) days vs. 2 (1-3) days, respectively, p = 0.047.
In this propensity-matched retrospective cohort study, time of ICU discharge did not affect in-hospital mortality.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hypothermia occurs commonly during surgery and can cause postoperative complications. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of hypothermia in patients undergoing major surgeries.
This ...prospective, observational, multicenter study of a nationally representative sample included all patients over 18 years of age admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Thirty ICUs were selected randomly at national level. The main outcome measure was the proportion of patients who developed postoperative hypothermia in the first 24 hours of ICU admission. Patients were divided into three groups based on temperature: <35°C, <36°C, and ≥36°C (no hypothermia). Patients' characteristics, postoperative complications, and risk factors were evaluated in all groups. To verify whether hypothermia was a strong risk factor for postoperative complications, a Kaplan-Meier curve was generated and adjusted using a Cox regression model.
In total, 738 patients had their temperatures measured. The percentage of patients with temperature <35°C (median Q1-Q3, 34.7°C 34.3-34.9°C) was 19.1% (95% confidence interval CI = 16.1-22.5) and that of patients with temperature <36°C (median Q1-Q3, 35.4°C 35.0-35.8°C) was 64% (95% CI = 58.3-70.0). The percentage of surgical complications was 38.9%. Patients with hypothermia were older, had undergone abdominal surgeries, had undergone procedures of longer duration, and had more comorbidities. A postoperative temperature ≤35°C was an independent risk for composite postoperative complications (hazard ratio = 1.523, 95% CI = 1.15-2.0), especially coagulation and infection.
Inadvertent hypothermia was frequent among patients admitted to the ICU and occurred more likely after abdominal surgery, after a long procedure, in elderly patients, and in patients with a higher number of comorbidities. Low postoperative temperature was associated with postoperative complications.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
RESUMO A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea é uma modalidade de suporte de vida extracorpóreo que possibilita suporte temporário à falência da função pulmonar e/ou cardíaca, refratária ao ...tratamento clínico convencional. Desde as primeiras descrições da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, melhorias significativas ocorreram no dispositivo, no manejo do paciente e, consequentemente, nos desfechos dos pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Diversos estudos importantes sobre a utilização de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo refratária ao suporte clínico convencional, em parada cardíaca intra-hospitalar e choque cardiogênico refratário foram publicados nos últimos anos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão é apresentar conceitos teóricos e práticos sobre a utilização da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea em situações de falência pulmonar e/ou cardíaca refratária ao manejo clínico convencional em pacientes críticos.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pulmonary aspiration of gastric residues during anesthesia is a potentially fatal complication for which no specific treatment is available. The primary way to prevent its occurrence in the context ...of elective surgeries is adherence to fasting protocols. However, some clinical conditions can prolong the gastric emptying time, and the risk of aspiration may exist despite adequate fasting. Recognizing the risk factors for gastroparesis allows the adoption of preventive methods and is the primary way to reduce morbidity and mortality from pulmonary aspiration. In this scenario, the anesthesiologist can investigate the gastric content by using ultrasound, adjust the anesthetic technique, and even postpone elective surgeries. Here, we describe incidental computed tomography finding of solid contents in the stomach of a patient without prior identification of the risk factors for gastroparesis. The patient underwent elective renal nodule ablation under general anesthesia after fasting for 9 hours. During the procedure, solid contents in the stomach were noted on computed tomography. Subsequently, it was discovered that the patient had been using semaglutide for 6 days and had not disclosed this information. Semaglutide use may represent a new and significant risk factor for anesthesia-related pulmonary aspiration. Until studies provide information on the appropriate perioperative management of patients using semaglutide, anesthesiologists need to adopt preventive measures to avoid aspiration. Awareness of this potential association and open communication among patients, physicians, and anesthesia teams are essential for enhancing patient safety.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Patients who develop post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) have a poor prognosis, especially when undergoing high-risk surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome ...of patients with AKI acquired after non-cardiac surgery and the possible risk factors for this complication.
A multicenter, prospective cohort study with patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after non-cardiac surgery was conducted to assess whether they developed AKI. The patients who developed AKI were then compared to non-AKI patients.
A total of 29 ICUs participated, of which 904 high-risk surgical patients were involved in the study. The occurrence of AKI in the post-operative period was 15.8%, and the mortality rate of post-operative AKI patients at 28 days was 27.6%. AKI was strongly associated with 28-day mortality (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.51-5.62; p = 0.001), and a higher length of ICU and hospital stay (p < 0.001). Independent factors for the risk of developing AKI were pre-operative anemia (OR = 7.01; 95% CI 1.69-29.07), elective surgery (OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.21-0.97), SAPS 3 (OR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06), post-operative vasopressor use (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.34-4.55), post-operative infection (OR = 8.82; 95% CI 2.43-32.05) and the need for reoperation (OR= 7.15; 95% CI 2.58-19.79).
AKI was associated with the risk of death in surgical patients and those with anemia before surgery, who had a higher SAPS 3, needed a post-operative vasopressor, or had a post-operative infection or needed reoperation were more likely to develop AKI post-operatively.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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